1843.] 
THE GARDENERS’ 
CHRONICLE. 
183 
bly ruined. The cathedral is totally destroyed, and the 
other places of public worship within the city are exten- 
sively damaged. The court-house is much injured, the 
guol, the house of correction, the lunatic asylum, and the 
barracks are masses of ruins. In the country parishes, 
out of fourteen places of public worship belonging to the 
Church of England, only four remain, slightly injured ; ; 
seven have been levelled to the ground, the remaining 
three are nearly destroyed. Out of nine Wesleyan meet- 
ing-houses, one only has escaped without serious damage. 
The Moravian churches are, I fear, in no better state, but 
Ihave not as yet received any report of them; one, I 
know, is entirely destroyed. The cantonments for the 
troops at the Ridge and Shirley Heights have been par- 
tially overthrown, and the remainder rendered so unsafe, 
that the troops: have been placed under canvass. The 
house at Dow’s-hill, in the same locality, the property of 
the Ordnance, rented by myself as a country residence, 
and in which I happened to be at the moment, is 
completely in ruins, under which the whole of my 
furniture, plate, and every article of private and personal 
property which I possess in the island lies buried, 
Her Majesty’ s dockyard is damaged to a serious extent, 
The injury to private property throughout the island is 
incalculable at present ; but I may state generally, andin 
a great measure from my own personal observation, that 
scarcely a mill—I have not heard of more , than two— 
remain sufficiently uninjured to be capable of grinding the 
crop, now nearly ready for the harvest, and the most pro- 
mising that has been known for years; the boiling-houses 
are in the same state; and every planter’s house and 
Jabourer’s cottage that I have seen is either totally ruined 
or uninhabitable. In St. John’s the loss of the merchants 
and storekeepers is very great. This is a brief, but I 
lament to say, far from an exaggerated statement of this 
sudden and fearful visitation. It is impossible at the 
present moment to say what may be the ulterior conse- 
quences to the island ; but the loss of property has been 
so immense, and so general, that without some aid is 
afforded from without, I am apprehensive it is involved in 
almost inextricable ruin. Even if private individuals 
(many of them are not) were in possession of funds to 
enable them to repair the injuries their properties have 
sustained, the supply of materials and labour is wanting. 
The teen can scarcely be supplied ; ; there are not a suf- 
ficient number of artificers in the island to afford a 
prospect of any general saving of the present crop, which 
stands, as if in mockery, in the most vigorous and 
flourishing condition, surrounding the desolate and 
ruined habitations and sugar-works. The visitation 
is equally fatal to the interests of the proprietor, the 
merchant, the shipowner, and the labourer. It is con- 
soling, however, in the midst of this scene of humilia- 
tion and misery, to be able to turn to the thoughts 
of the mercy which has been vouchsafed to this unfortunate 
people in the little loss of life which has been sustained ; 
few lives have, as far as 1 have hitherto learned, been 
sacrificed—those that have perished are chiefly aged per- 
sons and children: had the shock occurred during the 
night, it is impossible to say what would have been the 
destruction of human life, for in most of the houses I have 
seen, the walls have fallen inwards.’ It may be interesting 
to mention, that previous to the great shock the weather 
was beautifully clear and fine, the fresh trade-wind blowing 
in the usual manner, and from the usual quarter, and that 
it still continues thesame. There have been several minor 
shocks during, last night and the night before, the latest 
about three o’clock this morning (Feb. 10); they have 
been slight, and other circumstances would not have been 
alarming, but under existing circumstances they have kept 
up the general excitement and consternation. T have not 
had time to receive any accounts from the neighbouring 
islands, but I dread to receive them, particularly from 
Montserrat, which I could observe from the heights on 
which I then stood, was apparently covered with clouds 
of rising dust for two hours after this catastrophe occurred.”’ 
Jaw, 
§S1ZB INTELLIGENCE. Sep ee peteee Charlist Trials.— 
The great, length 
of the proceedings ii e trials which occu- 
yx no less than iene dayas ent the intricacies of 
arable from the great nunsber of persons to be tried, 
ossible within our brief limits to give an analysis 
of A bevidenes for the accounts agree in stating 
that the difficulties of the presiding Judge eee ee severe, 
aud so complicated was i lence on both sides, that his 
Lordship found it necessary to make an index-ledger, in which 
1 H eparate 
SHOE ee ie is means he was enabled not o: 
eneral mass of tes timony before the Jury, in 
them to judge of the gencral question whether a conspiracy had 
xisted or not, pat afterwards to apportion to each defendant the 
Jated to his acts, whether bearing for oragainst 
ue the papers of all parties, that there prevails 
but one eeidion among the defendants themse elves, that it was 
aU for such a prosecutio! ion to be more mildly conducted 
have been 
the Law Officers of the Crown, or that it could 
pasted over by a more painstaking or impartial Judge, The 
summing up occupied the whole day, from nine half- 
itulation 
pest six p.m.; but as the greater part consisted of an ei 
of evidence of a personal or local character, it would ii tedious 
torepeatit, We therefore merely give a sketch of such portions 
of the address a: be interesting to the public. Mr, Baron 
Rolfe, in addressing a Jury, said they had at length an mia at 
the last stage of this most important investigation, and he ouly 
e Jury the same unremitting attention which they 
had hitherto acoorded to the evidence produced on both sides, 
ty which now devolved upon him. 
‘oula first call their attention to the nature of the charges 
against the defendants, and to the law referring to charges of 
that description, and then to ‘the evidence, as it bore generally 
On the defendants as a body; , lastly, to the evidence, as it 
bore on each defendant in vontte ue WUT) anew for which the 
defendants were now indicted was conspira The indictment 
originally brought charges against them, Bue these charges were 
ithdrawn, and conspiracy was the only crime with which 
appeared to feel it. Cases ea certainly arise in which it 
‘ould be difficult to her certain acts constituted 
2 © nder consideration 
that difficulty did not arise. sufficient for the pur- 
poses of the present inquiry to define conspiracy as a combi- 
nation of two or more persons either to do, or to cause others 
to do, an unlawful act, or to bring about a legal act by illegal 
means. He did not intend to lay down a general proposition 
that nothing could be conspiracy which did not come within 
this definition. For in 
‘sons combined not to deal with that particular tradesman, and 
‘0 persuade others not to deal with him, that might amount to a 
Eoaatined He next asked them to take into their consideration 
wet nee was the indictment charged against the defendants. 
ictment contained several counts or separate charges. 
Originally se contained nine scotty, but two of those counts 
joned, and they might be epost dered out of the 
aqueetion, Betts they did not relate to the conspiracy. There 
remained only seven counts, having reference that crime. 
Substantially, however, as far as the Jury had to consider the 
indictment, he should be able to reduce this number below 
seven, ape pot cre of the counts charged the same offence. 
The fi ged the defendants with conspiracy with 
others, Bens tinla eral assemblies of seditious persons, and 
compelling persons to quit their occupations in order “f create 
ofiesiee in mstitu- 
unt, except in crmerating 
the different modes of violence, was exactly the same 
stated that the defendants, by force and violence, punenieed: te 
excite LaLa and bring about a change i in the laws and institu- 
tions of the countr, it was clear from the evidence that the 
force and violence charged in this oy t conn ted in the intimi- 
dation of other persons, and preve m from pursuing 
their occupations; 4 oe therefore, substantially the same as 
the first, and they might dismiss it from their consideration. 
Probably the frarver ef the indictment prepared the next, the 
third count, in the event of failing to make ont that the turn-out 
and disturbances were occasioned by any conspiracy of this sort, 
and consequently declared that certain evil-disposed persons, 
having tumult eaodely assembled, and by force and threats com- 
pelled the peacrerle subjects of the realm to leave their occupa- 
tions, and thereby impeded the labour of divers trades, to the 
great terror and alarm of her Majesty’s subjects; then the de- 
fendants conspired to aid and assist the evil-disposed 
Ses 
6 
2 
8 
base 
8 
x 
os 
8 
s 
5 
degree might 
be put entirely out of the question. The fifth count was extremely 
Tt charged the defendants with having conspired 
together for the purpose of persuading others to desist from their 
they obtained a certain object—for instance, until the 
Charter became the law of the land, This count was one on 
which some doubt existed in very high quarters, as to whether 
it in reality alleged an offence at all. It did not state that the 
defendants were guilty of ony Saat tumult, or violence in 
the accomplishment of their object, bat that they conspired 
together for the purpose of. Hierenntiie persons to desist from 
raped until they obtained the Charter. However, for the pur- 
poses of that inquiry, he should distinctly tell the Jury that it 
was acriminal offence, and if the Jury found any of the defendants 
guilty on that count only they must say so, in order that the 
question might be brought before the Court of Queen's 
meh, in order that it might be eenlded whether it was 
aden ornot. It was certain that p: to the alteration 
in the Combination Laws, it was a serious offence, but within 
the last twenty years a new, and he trusted he might not be con- 
sidered out ue Bis une: ot duty when he said a very much more 
criminal code 
in that Suites pies learned Judge then explained what was 
now the law relating to combinations of workmen, and quoted 
the Act now applicable to the subject. He then proceeded to 
notice the 6th and 7th c s of the indictment, the former of 
which Gust the defendants with conspiring together, and By 
force and violence fore others from bour; and t 
jatter charged all the deRindents with inciting divers of he 
Majesty’s subjects to force others, by riot and tumult, from their 
lawful occupations. After briefly recapitulating the different 
counts, his a ordship said the Jury must be satisfied that the de- 
fendants had conspired together fer some one of the obs 
mensions in the indictment, and that the evidence clear, 
brenght each, before they found him guilty. The 
charge pe ec was not that of being present ep meetings 
of having 
my 
g 
turned workmen out—not that of creating tum 
for if weve were guilty of that, they were still liable to be tried 
ud punished; but they were phstecd with combining and 
conspiring toget her a effect tha Now, if they did 
combine and con he ae they did so their crime was 
complete, almough ise had failed to accomplish their object. 
Now, ‘© combine an. together for the ac 
pl plistin: rene of a certain bles it wasnot neces y that the neces 
should enter in a written agreement for that purpose—it was not 
even necessary to ce dist inctly that the parties had even met 
together—if their por suit of one common object proved that there 
$@ Common purpose amongst them, Before they could con. 
vict any of the det feneantsy they must be satisfied that all the 
parties whom they considered guilty were guilty of the same 
conspiracy. His bs ‘dship then HOR ee to read over the evi- 
dence, and in doing onally remarked on the most 
striking pea ofthe case, for the purpose of drawing the atten- 
tion of the Jury to them. After referring to the evidence which 
jad been te of the langnage of some of the defendants atthe 
meetings held during the period of the riots, he said tbe Jury 
would say whether, from that evidence, they con: those 
who attended them guilty of the violence which penctrel and. 
whether the language tsed did not prove that there was a com- 
bination Emon eet them. There was one class of evidence against 
Mr. O’Connor, Dr. M‘Douall, and others, which was different 
from that of many others. They had attended a meeting in Mr. 
Scholefield’s clipe with others, to the amount of about 24, in 
7th August, and at that pele. resolutions 
“an address was agreed to. On that, for in 
truth there was very little other eviiencs epaindt them, the Jury 
would have to decide whether their acts on casion 
showed they were combining and conspiring together for ae 
purpose oe commiting the offence laid in the indictmen hat 
passed, on that occasion, rested mainly on the evidence of an 
acco Rates and the reporter Griffin, who had been one of the 
Chartist body. The question for the Jury to decide was, whether 
both the witnesses were entitled to belief or not. It was for the 
Jury to consider and deal with the various defences that had 
been offered. As to the legality or illegality of the ee © 
delegates, he would not express any opinion, as it was matter of 
Every man must feel the truth of what had heed “quoted 
and Eeiebident of de eputaticl 
to make it iegal were all ‘questions of di 
ficult e lay down any rule @ priori that he w ould iv 
Jf the persons who attended the meeting as C! 
had stented solely for the saben and abyeSES. ‘which they had 
originally proclaimed, and either more as les: did not 
i 4 would have been guill aay) Sept of 
approves 
ments, or any of th Nr i 
these dentiments that the de roneat had been indicted, Theante 
Slavery and other societies would be liable to a similar indictment 
if they tried to effect their i i by illegal means. The learned 
evidence, as it related to a cons 
spiracy, recomm: 
they were satisfied with the general evidence that Sp pei 
existed. The Jury retired accordingly for a short time, and, o1 
theleD heving, ning aa that 
to retire and consult on any particular Beats 
the Jury availed themselves. They reserved 
ever, until the summing up was finally completed. 
six o’clock, Mr Baron Rolfe closed his summing up, ha 
dressed the Jury for more than pine Pacis The Jury th 
tired, and were absent about half an hour. On their return, the 
over from the indictment, and the verdict 
fin 
i, Dust 
a the fourth 
nm were pee by consent of 
Of the remaining 28, seve! 
the Crown, and twenty-one acquitted by the Jury ; sixteen foun: 
guilty on the fourth oan ; and fifteen found guilty on the fifth 
count. 
Issel a a present, but 
count.—Total, 59. tence sae be ne 
the Court of 
the de! fendants will 1 cated up fe 
the Cone, on pain of forfeiting their recognisances. 
SPORTING. 
TATTERSALL’S, Tuurspay.—CHESTER CUP.—7 to 1 agst 
Mr. Goodman’s ee (take 15 to a) 3 i Bel tol agst Mr. Lovesey’s 
The ete 11 to '. 's Alice Hi ree | lito 
ags' Mist Anaahat Marius ne ‘O pare 14 to ord 
Chesterfield’s Marshal Soult; 15 to 1 agst Mr. Kitching? ‘Ss nadia 
ue (taken) 5 20to 1 agst Mr. jateman’s Haitoe; 22to1 agst 
bert’s Queen of the Tyne; 25 to 1 agst Mr Ferguson’s 
ii irae ay eres 25 to 1 agst Lord Miltown’s Scalte ae, 
DERBY. 1 agst Mr. Blakelock’s A British Yeoman (tal 
freely); 16t0 i fast Colonel Peel’s Murat (taken) ; 20 to 1 agst Mn 
Goodman’s rg cnet (taken); Bell’ 's Winesour 5 
3 to 1 ag: 
Anson’s Nasiae (take: 
(taken to a good Lord Westminster's Languish 
colt ; 35 to 1 agst Sir Ge Henticote’ 's Amarino agst Mr. 
Bowes’s Cotherstone; 40 1 agst Mr. Griffith's Nawoouirt 50 
tol agst Lord Exeter’s Lucetta colt pre Re tolagst Mr. T. 
Tener 's Gamecock; 50 to ] agst Lord A: le’s The Brewer; 
0 to 1 agst Dake of Richmond's pee a 000 to 15 agst 
ford Orford’s y colt (taken freely). 
MARK lane, Fr Marc! i¢ Wheat Market con- 
tinues to eae way, naa in Ta pay ites a fukther decline must be 
submitted to for both Englis! Foreign.— Barley, Peas, and 
Beans, command bat little attention ; ; and Oats are rather lower, 
with a large ae 
BRITISH, ee ee a 
Wheat, Essex, Kent, and Suffolk White 44t0 ‘2 Red 
ce” Norfolk, Lincolnshire, and Yor 
n) ; 95 to 
ve to “3 
Barley . Maltin, 8 and ‘ing $6 toa0 Grind. 19 to 35 
Oats, Lincolnshire and Yorkshire Polande 151033 Feed "14 to$8 
Northumberland and Seoteh « Fi Potato 15 to 24 
pwls Potatold to 32 
= 
eu oot ie 
ck 23 Trow 24 to 30 
ads. ab oo pe Congnodaa cans 
Beans, Mazagan, old and new = 
“Pigeon, Heligoland - WwW 
M 97 1020 Grey 26 to97 
MPERIAL AVERAGES, 
Gate. | Rye. | Beane Pens: 
Fabs 9) pee 93 2] 27 3] s911) 
ie go.1) 97 5} 80 1 
ms WT ae 37.9} 37 0] 29 & 
a Roos sa 4} 2611] 30 1 
Man eu8 os 4s 290} 26 7| 8 6 
ye 30 fed 98 ¢| 36 6 {| 29 
jes ae pee 
6 weeks’ Aggregate Aver.| 287) 97 0] 9 7 
Duties. | a Se ee 
ARRIVALS IN THE ST WE! 
Flour. Banks Male Oxts: | j iiye |B ns. | Peas 
English « sks Bate. [120° | 9 104i jase | = | i36er oa 
Irish « » » 4s 20:85 | Pa es 
Foreign ee end be is ee ee sith 
ARRIVALS THIS WEEK. 
Wheat Barle: (Flour 
English 0 3310 1990 
Trish. 5 - ses 
Scotch: +. = - = ae 
Foreign . + = - 470 a 
GAZETTE OF THE WEEK. 
INSOLVE H. and W. Snelgrove, Southampton, upholsterers— J. 
Chard, Taun etshire, corn-factor. 
BANKRUPTCIES SUPERSEDED.—J. James, Meeting -house-court, Old 
‘alvert, Liverpool, slate- 
Nfottenhumecourtroad, avaper—J> Coleman, Bir~ 
3. 
7 eee 
tn 
. Marqnis-court, Drury-lane, builder—W. Gor- 
BH. Lofty, Bennet-street, Blac ckfriare road, 
rme, Southa’ ampton, procer fee 
Panton, e: zoe 
Gey 
ton, Cornhill, merc rete 
shipowner—W, A\ Bitter 
a Horse 
artin’s-Jane, viet 
raper—H. Panton, T. W. nd; J 
jurbam, iron-manufacturers— % ere 
e’8, Ee -square, board eile oiakain Seti 
i d ess a ‘Taylor, ire 
Wright, Bunorsh, and r il trae enchant =W. Puy 
Gloucester, auctioneer. anderson, Leeds, Wwe ae zines, 
Bradford, Yorkshire, spinner—F. Popplewel 
Dlamicetinas inufacturer 
maker and upbolaterer 8. Mi 
erchant— 
Wie Lee, Batley, 
Ne 
a ron, 
shire, wine and spi 
linen’ and wi olen teapers 
grove, near Cheadle, Cheshire, c 
Manchester, dry 
 Dorset- “square, "idleness ie 
Boddington, Lig - iror 
} a nfreet, Holborn, victualler—T. Chezletty Gracechureh- 
Carer oy sed tll is, Colchester, Par 
oe Coe ee iianeeutce, See, Sothern, Saint 
fel ise, ora hire a & aybourn, Hartlepool, Durham; ship- 
ana ood, W: mice ae fear sand J. Wale 
: iversedaey, Yor! shaw, Buxton, 
oes allen} gitar irightnaker—C: 
e, curries. 
1ONS: 
v, Crichton, Kainburgh—G. M‘Cly- 
cig, dcimernicl eee - 
BIRTHS. —On t 5 inst apel » Belgray epee the lady of 
My. backer 4 ee M.P., Ma a 100 the se inst., in Eccleston~ 
pie ‘the lady of Capt, IW. Montagu, RN, 
Osnabargh-terrace, the lady of G. Har 
At Amster 
e Baroness F. 
st., in W fps "gtveet, the lady of Tt. B. 
oat t. John’s, Paddington, A. Magnay, Esa., 
> Charlotte, second daughter of H-de Bruyn, 
. 
MA 
on ee oth reoginen, to Ma: 
of Hyde ee Square On nthe 18th. insty at ap ureh, 
Kali, only son of H. Ashton Baas of Bes 3 of Dominica, to Emma 
of Fr. Wa f Doughty street—On the 9th 
pment, to Haxsiett, youngest 
her Majesty's y a 
usan, on boat her Majesty’s ee Thames, on the C: 
James Wai iam, aides som “of the lat 
2 = of his the, 7th yo 
ansell, superintende 
the 16th inst in ae “Camberwell Ne 
¢ Ordnance-office. the loth i 
relict of the late Mr = Ballance in the’ Toh re of bee 
