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1843.] a 
THE CskDe Ns 
CHRONICLE. 9 
PRICES, Sarunpay, Jan. 7, 1843,—F RUITS 
Pine Apple, per 1b. 4s to Ge ui 
Grapes, loth uso, per Ib. 8s = 
Spanish, 9d to Is Almonds, perpeck, 6s to 7s 
renal, 1a to 18 Gd 
aes denert, er bush», 8¢ dto ge Meaiiitay ver bushy ite ts tes 
hen, 28 to 6s Fill ert, snags per 1001 Ibs, 6outo'05e 
ars, ener sper hf sieve, 24 to 10s |Ccb Nuts 0 Ibs., 70s to 808 
ae Spanish, to 4s Nuts, per ou shee 
doa, 9d tose 
100, 5s to 1 + Spanish, 18s 
+ per 100, vor fo 128 = Barcelon 
onan per peck, 2 to — Cob, 14s 
VEGETABLES. 
Spinach, per sieve, 1s pelts 
teeks, per doz. buns, 1s 6d t 
Onions, per «bushel, fedd to 6s | 
= “av 88 to de Gd 
nD to te 
inishy per rion 1s 6d to de 
Savoys, bs doz. 6d tos 
Cabbage, per doz. 
= ‘el nay tee doz. 1e Gd to 3s 
= , for oot: a6 to ee 
Beisel Speauteee 3d t 
Broccoli, White, per bune 196 
Purple, 
6d to 
Beans, Kidney, fareedy per pes 2s to 3s ine iy 
Potatoes, per ton, jarge, per 100, 8 to 10s 
per cwt. oF to. nd, Be Gd to Be 
Eerar eee Sprue or Small, 2¢ to 2s 6d 
eae er isu 1s 6d t le, per punnet, 91 to 
‘Actumn, per lb, bal to9d| = 8s, Ad to 
to ls 
Ne 
Jerusalem Artichokes, per half-sieve, 
Endive, per score, 9d to 1s 
Turnips, han in. 1s 6d to! Ed | Celery, p.bd., tetas caters 
Red Beet, Der dozen, od tole Rhubarb Stalks, per bdle,1s to lead 
/Soorzonera, per bundle, 1s 9d to 18 Gd |Small Salads, pex punnet, 2d 
rb Con co 
0 Ls 
«4d to 6d 
js (24 to90 each) | ‘Tarragon, perdoz. b 
to is Sage, per doz- bunches, | lecdto ee 
» p. doz. beh., 1s to 18 6d|Mint, per doz. bunches, 2s to Bs 
Carro ae per Baltes bund th. 38'to 5s Mush’ 
Parsneps, per dozen. 6d to ls 
Notices to Corr espondents. 
Sorm.—A Constant Reader's house is situated on the North Chall 
Downs ; the adjoining land and garden connie of from 8 to 15 ins. 
of mould, overlying and passing into a bed from 3 or 4ft. to 
6 or 8ft. in thickness, of bright, a Bos fut of large chalk flints, 
and without a particle of free lime. In hed fields this clay is 
brought to git e setae and ihe; water Dae there; but in his 
meadow-lan as been laid down ae years, ong oe his 
cumstances, he ‘inqui 
trench for planting trees, a1 len. 
His gardener asserts that if he tre: hae the clay (as in the ploughed 
fields) will be brought to the surface, the good soil buried, and the 
garden will be spoiled. On the other hand, all horticultural Becket 
seem to recommend py Cee nae all circumstances. ‘We appr 
hend the gardener to be night would never do to bring to the 
surface a tenacious clay which will not drain ; for a free and full 
scape of pit tat is indispensable ina garden, and must be 
secured, We say, then, act in such Senate that you are sure 
of the water percolating reali In planting both forest and 
orchard-trees, should be aah turned over; if for 
orcharil-trees, the hole should be manured 6 feet in aractisee Lu 
least ; but for small forest- oe it is needless to do more than o; 
eradinit the roots without doubling 
tom of a hole in which a fruit-tree 
Manonres. —A. H.—In fixing the emmy of cloacine by the applica- 
tion of chloride of lime, no danger is to be apprehended from an 
excess of the chloride ; but as ihe eubstance is dear, no more than 
is indispensable should (be employed. If every day all the dung 
from the pigs, the horses, and the cows of pute toe is carried to a 
shed protected from sun and rain, but e: d to currents of 
air, and dried with ashes, you will be diteniahed. vith sete of 
manure in the spring to drill with green crops $ his way you 
will be a loser, by preventing the fermentation itch ‘le place on 
the dunghill. Why can you not ferment ion first and dry them 
afterwards? + uriate of soda is of no use whatever for fixing 
onia. Soda has a mu sotor muriatie acid 
than ammonia has ; and, in eonseeno, hen consti aodas or its 
car! boneless are adde rae muriate of ai ex is decom- 
mon salt is formed, md ammonia is te free, either 
caustic ort in the state core carbonate. -H. testing 
free ammonia by the method recommended last V week, p. 868, 
is not ofmuch importance what sort of turmeric is employed, ae 
vided it be of a tolerably good yellow colour. nferior turmeric 
may be used when good is not to be had, decause even the former 
is reddened by ammonia. ‘The difference in colour between that so 
reddened, and a portion of turmeric merely moistened with water, 
See the cay of free Bonin We are obliged for your 
fer, but cannot find room at pre: —— Mr. Chadwell.—The 
pest method of converting vegetal able. ranting “into wun has already 
been stated at p. 745 of the Chronicle of las M. res 
is We know about sea- ree shen n refer 
Index Some difference of opinion exists as to whether 
it anouTd Oe applied fresh or not ; we, however, entertain no doubt. 
that the best way is to rot it with any animal matter ; refuse fish 
would no doubt be a aged substance to add to the fermenting m 
lus. — We mnot venture to foretell what 
would be of oil-cake rel as manure to a Reales 
avery goodmaterial. Your Vines will hardly su 
peing too rich in such kinds of manure, eae itis well drained.} 
—We have at _Dresent little information about the 
action of mes of arene Tt is ex, ‘eds to turn Oe the best 
must be taken to apply it in wet 
Now i a % good time 5 try it. 
==: 
ARSH LAND.—. — 
water, | and overnn with 1 
Darts not collected by the 
Jand will no doubt 
panagemdtth 
Diceine.— 
the dealers in its many o 
us We prefer 
the spur to the ite on natn, of training V ines, because we have 
Deen more accustomed to it, and because, with ordinary care, we 
have always seen ee attended with st er Good foreed 
t be produced by the rod-m hy 
yur-system. shou! na be more ‘ wmnatural and Uphosophial a 
than the rod-system of training Vines, or the plan of pruning a 
Gooseberry-bush in the form of a bell-glass, i are at a loss to 
£2 
2 
B.—Good practical directions for raising Arauciria 
imbricata, and other Coniferous plants, from seed, will be found 
at p. 83 of the oh used for last year. 
Livy or rae VALLEY.—H. M.—The proper season for bese at it 
these is the sathtit they will, however, succeed in spring, 
careft Bo 
Rywhanauns—T Ry We~Youk cage is entirely different from that 
Ole eter ~ When you wi vant to remove re large Tiollies, | or other 
eretareens from hedgerows and similar rough | places, where it is 
ficult to preserve ts, you cannot do better than remove 
then with balls when their earth is firmly frozen; but for trans- 
planting in open places, where el Say root may with care be 
traced out, open we eather ig to be pre 
a —Thuj ja ereientad ita is ot rach 
is not capable of RE in this climate ; Cup! 
ae of the Horticultural Hardens, is the Neriegubalis 
of some of the trade : dus Canadensis is low 
grower, and nies Bae accelerate its rate much ; your plant 
would, however, ¢ better for manure. Cuttings that strike 
unwillingly will stri é palsies under W: an 's cases. Whether 
Rhododendron, lea, and Rhodora are three genera or not, 
We say yes. The Irish Yew is aseedling, 
raised at. Ay lorence Court, in Ireland.t 
Wi an Your plant is certainly Meee but is only 
never heard of its being tro eee Tf, how- 
possession of land, i aie destroyed 
lowing or by smothering, it by strong crops. 
an an eta. 
ever, it does ti 
shee by carefull 
Ve’ fear your Clover is in “bad condition to be affected by such a 
Ane as Chickweed. + 
M.—Your plant appears to have sof 
ent drainage. If you g light in 
rich loam, allow it Dlenty of pot- r00m, oon tents of air 
ura you hardly fail ee iower i 
pLUM TRICOLOR.—H. M.— ill not injure your plant by 
nipping off the early blossoms ; but you must take care to train 
ee fresh shoots over the parts thus Saino otherwise that por- 
tion of your treliis a be destitute of blooi 
CERBERA M.—This plant will ‘hot succeed in a con- 
servatory ; when p Taotleaute, it should be planted out in the bor- 
Ses 
ae 
Hiniscus Cameronrt.—H. M.—It is very doubtful whether this 
plant would thrive in the low temperature of a conservatory. 
TILLANDSIA.— Mr. ares a Bromélia humilis we know but little. 
Tillandsia ameenais a handsome plant, with which we are better 
acquainted. All plants of ‘this aezeripion sean to be kept quite 
one season of the year, and to in a strong and 
moist heat during the remainder. with Tent festa you will 
no doubt induce your plants to 
AGAPANTHUS UMBELLATUS.—@. Walk ‘his Raa is also called 
the Blue African Lily. It ae be. mi wn in h loamy soil, 
with plenty of pot-room, an uld be Sbundantiy entered during 
the growing season. In Rita te requires the protection either ofa 
. R.—Your monsters are of the same 
nature as those often seen in the Polyanthus. We shall be glad to 
make we oe them as soon as we can find room to take up Morpho- 
oe 
Darran: nor rycius.—Daphne dabtitas is the best. ws sfolue which 
to sors any of the smaller kinds of plants are 
grafted, they should be p lie ae a ar pit or ayanie whie th is kept 
close and rather moist ; which no tien heat is used. It 
is doubtful whether they woul succeed if in a dung frame 
or out of doors, after being grafted. W ee cay a few plants are 
wanted, they will do very rel under a large hand-glass, which is 
pe oa close and wel d. 
—W. W. wishes to be informed whether Buy of the artifi- 
ca ee have sate a eter Pansies ; so, the result. 
Ros; Thomas.—The eee Roses are sapudaed a is called 
7 the Wild ney Do and common Hedge Briar. 
It is the common Hedge Rose with mpeaht oes ; and is collected 
in hedge-rows by the, peasants, who brin, it for sale to the 
Pacer ene No doubt, asthe hedge-roses insist of several dif- 
ome are better for stocks than others: but. aoe are 
not distinguished 4 in practice. The Sweet Briar is a bad stoe! 
Crocusrs.— 2. ere is no means of ee mice ned a ‘om 
Jrocus-roots, unless spirits of tar wi fee en 
. §.—The 
like nee mentioned at p. 126 of dase : Chronicle. ia 
place it in the runs of the mic a tye do so place it, San 
can ts fail to reduce the te of your little enemies.} 4 
Muxeerrizs.—Bombicis tes .— These tikes may be propagated 
oth by seeds ind layer: 
Gunns home Sue are ess in the autumn, when the 
young wood is fr and half rip 
Mepiars.—Thomas.— These are ratte at the same time as Pears 
and Apples 
Fruir-rtrees.—Pyrus.—The fruit of a Pear-tree which has been 
worked upon the Quince will not prove gritty in consequence, 
ea ‘ie tree is in a thriving condition ; but should the Quince 
the soil, or if the stock and variety worked upon it are 
tnsuitable, the fruit will then become stunted and gritty, from the 
ant of sufficient nourishment. ee -grafting with the same variety 
will do nogood in this case. | J: M.—The Paradise stockis a dwarf 
yariety of Apple, the roots of which are more fibrous and are pro- 
duced nearer th he surface than those of the cen cae tis easily 
propagated from suckers.|——A Constant Read arie- 
ties of Kitchen Apples, as regards both quantity ant ‘quai, and 
aie will afford a supply from the present time till August, are— 
oyal Russet, Dumelow’s Seedlin; ig, Bedfordshire Foundling, 
‘Attest ton, Northern Greening, Goosel sat 1ry Pippin, and Easter 
Pippin or French Crab.l|—~-Bigarreau.— Kitchen fruits are in 
general to be preferred for planting against a North wall. The 
Morello and Kentish Cherries, and the Orleans Sen would have 
succeeded eee than the varieties you have planted. || 
Currants.—Vicarius.—The sorts 
don murserymen, 
you mention can be had of Lon- 
The cue aug should obtain them 
middle of FREDHTENY “when, if tl 
planted out 6 inches apart into other beds. 
ever, depend upon them for winter use, as this kind does not keep 
long after being raw ‘ 
Sees Thom 
ur sets are seal 
apply it mixed with water as soon as the Potatoes are teas to 
or; holes pane Tt aNDHSee of ammonia, 
show their leaves. Epsom as are certainly a good 
S$; we should use 13 ¢ e alone ; 
sure that cloacine will improve tet pation it may be too strong. 
We are unacquainted with the effect of Bran: |W here does  Liebig 
recommend those substance: Constant Reader,— 4 
not procure a better ee for early forcing than the kate aE ES, eat 
Kidney Potato. You may obtain a crop of Radishes sis the same 
frame by Se as soon as the Potatoes are planted. ee 
Horse 1 H— Radin. is only to be bextro Bead by constantly 
dest roving the leaves as they appear. n_persevere in doing 8 
much of it as on a in addition. 
ikely to fall a, rey to the 
yaving appt of Rabbits are the different species of the Christ 
mas Rose, Monkshood, and Foxglove, with Rhododendrons, Az 
leas, Andrémedas, hardy Heaths, Daphnes, Laurustinas, Virgi- 
Columbines.¢ 
J. twigs of a Ribes may be affected by 
insects 3 3 but if that be aie case, it ape have been bee spring, 
as the excrescences are woody, se nature of 
the conglomerated masses ofte the branches of the 
Birch-tree than of Galls. ating. sere Sa any Galls upon 
the Ribes, we should be glad of specimens if fresh _exerescences be 
0 
manure for 
but we are not 
formed in the enéning spring, BE. F—It is only 
th fof caval species of spiders the power of 
sailing through the air, and it is well attested by naturalists, that 
amer spiders have the prop ributed to them, of 
Being sble.to.beot forth. wivands oF EES poo teat ene 
its web into a ball between its legs. ‘The 
cussed in Kirby and pee 8 intro, to Enty recently published, 
vide yolk ti, Dy 260.—, 
Z.—The price of the 1 new edition of Hooker’s s British 
. for the two volumes natural Sey 
adopted in that worlcis that of De Candolle. +. Po- 
mological Magazine has long since been fgnniacied! eth the 3rd. 
SONG PLANTs.—J. M.—We do not remember to what you 
ude; you should always give a reference to the page of an 
ee you criticise; we cannot spare time to hunt for such 
Woovs.—H. D.—King-wood is said to be produced by a Jeune 
baie called Baphia nitida “hess in Loddiges’s Botanical Cabinet 
ae ee we timber of a species of Jacaranda found 
in Br: h call it b 7 c 
produce of a hododendron. 5 Se a canase av eS 
‘Tue Rippire.—W. H., and Oinere—Mtaay obliged, but we have not 
room for seein answers. It is evidently the 
PoruLaTion oF GREAT BriTatn.—A Coin Reader. e infor- 
mation eee require will be found at page 47 of our mtn for 
last year.—B. 
ihe teehee —J. R. J.—The Fern is olypédtar vulgare.t—— 
Julius. 1 nial may be obtained o Messrs. Garden & Co., 
Oxford-st J.C. 
have wiitton ir Mr. 
in which he treats 
ceived any Sr answer. 
correspondent R. D. 'F. im 
received it, we py coed him to send us a more explicit: 
amie Bele ee —A great deal respecting the 
a has already been stated in the 
n Occasional 
ea 
SSie Nias 
S01 me of the min rt naa 
Arithmetic.t— Rume. oy Pear is the Bea bee 
price of Quince seed is One J. Me 
flowers is Zygopétalum crinitum ; 2 2is er Edi faints + 
Ba os. 11, 12, and 4: aa is out of print——S. H., 
Whitechurch.—The Numbers you wri are both out of print. 
ir. Westwood being the Secretary of the Entomological 
Society, he} will be able to past the information required, if a 
letter be addressed to him at 17, 01 Bonds street. Ruricola would 
ha happy to answer the questions, es he is not. member.—Mr. 
ot print circulars. Your letter contains 
aie criticisms: but it is evident that such ‘matters are overs sights 
which correct themselves.t——A. B. re not meee with 
the history of the man eaten by rats. Mr. Scott. —We eare 0) bliged. 
Py pape letter ; ee ill take an opportun: 
of your 
ee. 
Aer plant is Senécio tussilé 
The: subscription to the Garde sled ‘s’ Chronicle is 6s. 6d. per quarter 
if paid in le rae Botton.—Your parcel has not been re~ 
ceived. +——J. —Your Clydesdale Apple is not known. In 
form, size, and colour, it Biel les the Margil ;_ to which it is not 
inferior in flavour. | ——A Canny Scotchman.—We are not aware 
that we have ever received such a communication as you mention. 
As usual, many letters have arrived too late for answers this week. 
NEWS OF THE WEEK. 
Tur official returns of the public revenue, of which we 
give an abstract in another column, afford by no means a 
cheering prospect for the commencement: of the New 
Year. The deficiency in the last quarter’s. revenue 
amounts to more than nine hundred and forty thousand 
pounds, and the deficiency on the year just ended, as com~ 
pared with that which ended on the 5th January of last 
year, is not far short of the same amount, although the 
Income-tax has been two quarters in operation. 
details of the returns furnish matter for serious considera- 
tion ; in the four main branches of revenue—the Customs, 
the Excise, the Stamps, and Taxes, the deficit on the year 
amounts to the immense sum of 2,425,554/. The greatest: 
falling off is under the head of Excise ; the deficiency in 
that branch for the year being 1,173,6142., and for the 
quarter, 717,2627. The Customs also exhibit a similar 
depression ; on the year the deficiency in their returns is 
$24,2751.; on the quarter, 581,1857. The only compen- 
sating fact is the increase in the Post-Office for the year, 
of 150,0002., and for the quarter of 14,0007. If it were not 
for the new branch of revenue created by the Income- 
tax, the deficit for the past year would have amounted to 
nearly 1,500,0007. The returns for the quarter are more 
serious than those for the year, since they mark the pro~ 
gressive increase of distress. The falling off in the Excise 
and Customs’ duties shows;an alarming decrease in the 
consumption of articles from which those duties are de~ 
rived; and if the decrease continues, there will be next: 
year a deficiency of 3,000,000/. in the Excise alone. 
These are’melancholy facts. They prover by evidence: 
which all parties must admit, that the prosperity of the 
country has sustained a serious check, and that the most 
important interests have suffer ed from the prevailing 
pressure. It is not difficult to conjecture upon what class 
these privations have more immediately fallen; but, at. 
the same time, it is impossible not to perceive in the si- 
multaneous decline of two such branches of revenue as the 
Customs and Excise, how many in the middle classes of 
society must have curtailed their habitual expenses and 
enjoyments. These considerations will naturally direct 
attention to the approaching session of Parliament; and 
the public will no doubt look forward with unusual in- 
terest to the measures which will be brought forward for 
the relief of our financial difficulties. 
From France we have accounts of the addresses pre- 
sented to the King on New Year’s Day, with his Majesty’s 
replies. The address of the Ambassadors expressed satis- 
faction at the continuance of peace, and declared that it 
was consolidating itself by its very duration, for its bless- 
ings are every day better appreciated. The King cor- 
dially concurred in this remark, and said, that everything 
gave him confidence that Providence will continue to bless 
their common endeavours to prevent the repose of the 
world from being disturbed, and to insure the maintenance 
of the general peace which now so happily prevails. The 
King will open the Chambers, in person, on Monday next, 
