CHRONICLE. 267 i 
tending inwards three or four miles, when the Great | thing which I never saw in flower, Nauclea, Stagmaria. 
Forest commences, the districts between the two being | The cultivated trees which would, from the fondness of the 
1843.] THE GARDENERS’ 
: tion was very full, it must, of consequence, be imperfectly 
marked. What I said was this: ‘If the principal cha- 
racters constituting a perfect flower, are hidden by its ex- 
treme fulness, then fulness is not a necessary property ; 
but, on the contrary, highly objectionable.” In my crite- 
rion of a Carnation, I have endeavoured to be as explicit 
on this point as possible, by saying that “each row of 
petals should be regularly and alternately arranged above 
the other, so as never to be crowded, nor, on the other 
hand, to have a loose and gaping appearance ; infact, the 
spaces should be only sufficient to display the colouring 
distinctly.” “ C.K.” moreover inquires, whether ‘‘ sup- 
posing a flower is regularly marked with good forms and 
petals, and in other respects desirable, its being extremely 
full would be objectionable ?”’ It is easy to suppose a 
flower to have all the necessary properties which it should 
possess, but the ‘ extremely full ’’ flower which ‘‘ C. ig 
has imagined, would, from that very extreme fulness, pre- 
vent the markings in the petal from being seen; so that 
he could only suppose them to be ‘“ regularly marked.’’ 
Tn deciding upon the beauties of a Carnation, I never 
suppose anything; the beauties of a flower consist of that 
only which is apparent to the eye ; and if itis so full as to 
prevent these the “principal characters”? in the Carna- 
tion from being seen, I then say a Carnation may be too 
full, which is, I think, ‘a really substantial and valid ar- 
gument against very full flowers.”—R. Orson, 12, Hall- 
place, Kennington-lane, [Mr. Orson has here supplied 
the sentence referred to at a greater length than is given 
in our Report of the Floricultural Society ; which, al- 
though abridged, nevertheless retains the meaning of 
Mr. Orson’s words.] 
The Gooseberry.—I1 have occasionally observed the 
Gooseberry growing freely and producing fruit on Pollard 
‘Willows and other trees in Cambridgeshire, where vegetable 
decomposition has afforded sufficient nourishment. They 
are likewise found on the summit of the Abbey-walls of 
this ancient town. A more remarkable instance, however, 
Occurs in the garden of W. Dalton, Esq., where a healthy 
shrub is firmly rooted in the joints of the solid brick-work, 
three feet from the ground, and is regularly trained with 
other wall-fruit.— WV. S. Hodson, Bury St. Edmunds. 
Euphorbia jacquiniflora.—t have adopted the following 
plan for restoring naked specimens of Euphorbia jacqui- 
niflora, having tried it with success, in February last, 
Upon a plant under my care which possessed three long 
shoots or branches, trained up to stakes about 3 feet high, 
with scarcely a sound leaf upon them. I pinched back 
each of the three branches so as to leave only three or 
four buds on each shoot; these buds, with few exceptions, 
have all made young shoots; some of them are now six 
inches long, and all incline to a horizontal position. I 
again pinched off the top of the young shoot about ten 
days ago, and now I see they are forming flower-buds at 
the axil of every leaf. J expect soon to have a fine bushy 
plant in perfect flower, This was done previously to Mr. 
Beaton’s plan of laying down the E. jacquiniflora appearing 
in the Chronicle. My treatment was similar to that recom- 
mended by Mr. B., with the exception of laying down 
the plant.—J. M. K., Birdetown. 
Planting in Ireland.—There seems to be a great im- 
Pediment to planting in this country, from the want of 
tenacity in the soil; so that, after a wind, a hole is 
formed round the stem, which is frequently full of water ; 
this is equally applicable to the Cabbage, and to large 
trees, and when the leaves or smaller branches touch 
the ground, it becomes like plaster, and keeps that 
Appearance for a length of time. Such is the case with 
all the soils which I have met with. The Potatoes very 
often suffer severely from the early autumnal gales. Sub- 
Soiling and trenching does not seem to remedy it, as I have 
Seen the same effect produced in a new garden where the 
Sround was trenched nearly 4ft. deep. Perhaps some cor- 
Tespondent might suggest a remedy; as delicate plants 
Suffer severely from it.—R. G., Ballina, 
Daniell’s Manure.—It had occurred to me that this 
anure might prove a remedy for Wire-worm, but my 
©pectations are disappointed. On Thursday last I placed 
Some of these insects in a box of earth, seasoned with the 
Manure, and on Saturday I found that out of ten, four 
Were still alive. Hence I conclude that this manure is not 
to be relied on for the purpose. TI perceive in Johnston’s 
Lectures, March, 1843, p. 64, that a composition con- 
ene of nearly the same materials as Daniell’s Manure 
448 been used as a manure, with striking success, although 
indeed other ingredients are added. In the early part of 
842, I persuaded a miller in an adjoining parish, to apply 
ate a licence to manufacture the manure, which he accord- 
ey obtained, and sold 2000 bushels in the autumn; but 
ae Accounts of its success have been discouraging. I 
qaaured 12 acres of wheat with it successfully, but the 
; anure was ploughed in. ‘The crops are not yet reaped. 
cea aes of their appearance to the eye, which is quite 
~ Pleasing as that presented by the land manured with 
iMme,— Anthony. 
FOREIGN CORRESPONDENCE, 
son aatea.—This country is a subdued Rip Van Winkle 
ae obs place, situated close to the sea-shore, and divided 
ane ae parts by a brook, dignified by the name of river ; 
The eae hill forms the southern bank of this river. 
Paras pee: af exceedingly quiet and dull, but green and 
RG ‘i sroallently adapted for study. The country 
Sec ee Me oe cree Shea 
quite flat, and rae wee ae eee 
From the Flag-staff bill, or, 
occupied by tracts of Cajeputi trees (Melaleuca leuca- 
dendron), which, particularly from a distance, have a 
scraggy aspect, and constitute one of the botanical fea- 
tures of the province. The sea-view is extensive ; to the 
south are seen the Water Islands, several in number, 
of which the largest is of some extent, and covered, espe- 
cially the hilly parts, with dense forests. On the borders 
of the Rice-fields, generally buried in trees, the villages 
are situated, not adding to the diversity of scenery, except 
by the diversity of the foliage of the fruit-trees, by which 
they are generally surrounded. Altogether, however, I 
do not remember, excepting Moulmain, and one port near 
Mergui, a more pretty view than that from Booket Chine, 
which, I'may mention, is the cemetery of the Chinese—for 
although in the distance there is too much jungle, yet 
some of the masses stand out boldly, and the foreground 
is beautiful, being cleared, presenting here and there a 
picturesque tree, and enlivened by the white unsepulchre- 
looking tombs. The highest point of this hill was made 
into a redoubt by the Dutch, and is crowned by a grove 
of indifferent Pterocarpus. The roads about the place 
are good, but narrow, generally lined by Cajeputis ; they 
are made of some red stuff, obtained copiously from 
Booket Chine, and more like Keenka in colour than any- 
thing else, The botanical features may be represented as 
follows :—littoral cultivated thickets and jungles, between 
the two last of which the Malays positively discriminate, 
besides having different sorts of jungle. The littoral 
either consists of mud, producing Mangroves, which do 
not present any great variety—or of sand, producing 
a diversified vegetation, generally inclining to be shrubby. 
This is a very prominent feature about Tanfong Ching, a 
well-known place; the Mangrove tracts abounding to the 
south, or in the opposite direction. I do not remember 
many Mangrove plants with which I had not previously 
met ; there is, perhaps, an undescribed species of Rhizo- 
phora, and certainly two, probably three, of Avicennia ; 
and Heritiera did not appear to me common. The 
Malacca Mangrove tracts do not, like those of Mergui, 
roduce many Orchidacee. The sandy littoral tracts give 
Calophyllum inophyllum, Pandanus, Sideroxylon, Do- 
dona burmanniana, Sceevola Taccada, Premna, Eugenia, 
Ximenia, Garcinia, Vaccinium (I mean Ericaceze, with an 
ovarium inferum), Li pogon (probably Mal y 
Gmelina villosa, Areca littoralis, Acrostichum fuciforme 
a gnifi rn), Ophiogl pendulum (not an 
Ophioglossum). Of these, the only feature-giving tree is 
the Eugenia, which occasionally abounds, and in flower 
becomes very conspicuous. The herbaceous plants are 
Euphorbia, Ipomoea pes tigridis, Convolvulus, Do- 
lichos, Cyperacez, Vinca rosea (local), Spermacoce. 
The botanical features dependent upon cultivation—for 
otherwise all would be usurped by Melaleuca leucadendron, 
are Cyperaceze, as usual ; also Nympheacee, several Utri- 
cularig, a genus abounding in comparative species, Phi- 
lydrum lanuginosum in profusion, Jussiza, Herpestes 
monnieria, Ceratopteris thalictroides, and Pontederia &c. ; 
among these, and dependent in many instances upon the 
lowness of the situation, a tall Livistona, which appears 
to be L. rotundifolia, although it does not agree with the 
characters, Licuala spinosa? Sagus, and that most beau- 
tiful Malayan Palm, Areca tigillaris, the Nibong Malacca, 
&c. The thicket tracts, called by the Malays, I think, Olan 
Belookar, are much more varied, and probably take their 
origin in cultivation, although the features now are pro- 
minent enough. Of this sort instances oceur about Prin- 
gitt, where Koenig gathered Thottea grandiflora, and about 
some parts of Booket Chine and St. John’s Hill, and 
generally in all clearings. So that it would seem that 
forest trees are not the first which appear in spots cleared 
in forests, but on the contrary, shrubs, the localities of 
which, judging from the manner in which the eye recog- 
nises them, are probably at some distance. Belookar Jungle 
presents Parkia (commonly,) Castanea, Fagreea, Ficus, 
Mangifera Lanjoot, &c., &c.; but its proper features are 
Connarus, Cnestis, Congea, Croton, Sphenodesme, Phy- 
tocrene, Licuala spinosa, Stemonurus, Ancistroiobus, 
Rottlera, Gmelina villosa, Memecylon, Parinarium, Psy- 
chotria, Eurycoma, Inga, Rhodamnia, Pternandra, the 
same as and prior to Blume’s Ewyckia, Nelitris, Stro- 
phanthus, with ringlets a span long, Scitamineze, Tunja, 
Dracena, Thottea, Averrhoa simplicifolia, Uvaria, Hippo- 
cratea, Ixionanthes, Rottlera alba, Erycibe, Vitex arborea, 
Cansiera, a remarkable Santalaceous genus with a ru- 
diment of a calyx; another very like Groutia, &c. 
Then come the great, the primeval forests, which do 
not, so far as I know, present any features, save the grand 
one of the grandest vegetation. In this forest, probably 
five-sixths of the Malacca flora are to be found. IJ have 
not much knowledge of the trees, which are generally too 
big to be climbed, or to be cut down, with any convenience ; 
but I remarked a Melanorrhiea, several Dipterocarpi, 
Artocarpi, Fici, Sapindacez, Dilleniacez ; among them the 
greatest giant being a Milk-tree, and probably a Ficus. 
The under-stratum is not very thick but very varied, con- 
sisting of several Palms, Tacca, a host of Scitamines, Ru- 
biacez, Ardisiz, a Melastomaceous plant, with large, round, 
cordate leaves blood-coloured underneath, Ferns, Coch 
‘As partial features I may add the edges of Belookar 
Jungle, bordering or encroaching on swamps, characterised 
by a shrubby Hypericum, a queer Grammatophyllum, two 
undescribed genera of Cunoniaceze, Nepenthes, two species, 
a beautifully-leaved Guttiferous shrub, Lycopodium, a 
beautiful suffruticose Wormia; and the fluviatile tract,which, 
especially towards the sea, is mixed with the Mangrove ; 
this a mile inland is remarkable for its Pandani, Barring- 
toni, Sterculiacearum nov. genus, Cerbera Manghas, 
Pothos, Tylophora, and above alla large Pancratium-leaved 
Malays for shade and fruit, form a considerable feature, 
were the country more peopled, are Semecarpus Anacar- 
dium, the Mangosteen, Rambootan, Sandoricum indicum, 
the Seatool, Champedah a species of Jack, Douanne, 
Durio, (of which there are certainly two species,) Poolasan 
a sort of Litchi, Num Num (Cynometra cauliflora,) 
Jambos, various kinds. Nutmeg grows to a considerable 
size, and is then very beautiful ; here and therea Clove-tree, 
Mimusops Kaki, Erythrina, Cocos nucifera, and pygmea, 
a remarkable: dwarf kind, said to be distinct, Areca Ca- 
techu, Areng sacchariferum very fine, particularly in the 
interior; Artocarpus incisa does not come to any per- 
fection ; the Pterocarpus M pi two opposite-leaved 
Mangoes of the same genus with the Burmese M. 
oppositifolia, but distinct species, Carica Papaya, Man-~ 
gifera foctida, Cassia Camang, a very fine tree, &c., &e. Of 
these I will give a more detailed account in my next. The 
great families of the Malacca flora may be said to be 
Scitaminew, and Orchidacez ; but these latter are not very 
numerous, either individually or as species ; Palme of which 
I have some forty species, mostly undescribed, Rubiaceze, 
Verbenacee, Sapind Meliaceze, L i Con- 
naracew, Terebinthacex. The families poorly represented 
are Graminee, Acanthacee, Labiate, Composite, &c. 
Of Ferns and Lycopodia, altogether I obtained about one 
hundred; but I do not know yet their proportion to the 
other families.—W. Grifith. [We would just ask our 
readers to compare this with the account in the * Ency- 
clopedia of Gardening,” by Mr. Main. Why the trees, 
which that author says give the greatest effect to the land- 
scape there, are scarcely, if at all, to be met with.] 
PROCEEDINGS OF SOCIETIES. 
HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 
April 18. — Solly, Esq., in the chair. The Right Hon. 
Lady Dover, J. H. H. Atkinson, and J. F, Buller, Esqrs., were 
elected Fellows. Mr. Goode, gr. to Mrs. Lawrence, exhibited a 
collection of plants containing a magnificent specimen of Den- 
drébium aggregatum, covered with its drooping racemes of 
orange; the insigni Abi i earing a 
spike of minute pink and purple flowers; Cattleya Skinneri, of a 
deep violet purple ; Lalage hovezefélia, a pretty greenhouse shrub, 
with yellow and chocolate-coloure: wers; Cyrtochilum has- 
tatum, and fine clusters of the crimson Combretum macran- 
thum: a Knightian medal was awarded for the Dendrébium, 
Mr. Feran, 
rea speciosa, 
fruit, and a dish of handsome Oranges, grown in a greenhouse. 
From Mr. Smith, of Kingston, Azalea mirabilis and phenicea 
alba, with seven seedling Azaleas. From Mr, Green, gr. to Si 
rt., 12 fine seedling Calceolarias, for one of 
the Erica. From Messrs. Chandler and Sons, a fine plant of 
Rh a latum, with purple flowers, very 
darkly spotted in the throat, and a plant of Trillium grandiflorum: 
certificateawarded for the former. Messrs. J. a 
mersmith, exhibited two plants of a beau! 
one white ditto, 
. Lee, of Ham- 
ul scarlet hy biid Rho- 
called Venus; a 
sian medal awarded for the Epacris. 
From Messrs. Veitch, of Exeter, a plant of Cyrtopédium punc- 
tatum, in which the bracts as well as flowers are beautifully 
spotted with pale brown and yellow, 
Pince, and Co., a plant of Epidendrum aurantiacum, 
Rucker, Esq.,a well-bloomed plant of Chysis bractescens, with 
white wax-like flowers, and a bright yellow labellum; anda 
specimen of Epidendrum Stamfordianum: a Banksian medal 
awarded for Chysis bractescens. From Mr. C, Adams, gr. to 
Mrs. Morris, of the Retreat, Battersea, a fine plant of Maxilla- 
yia aromatica, forming quite a nest of sweet-scented yellow 
flowers; Epidendrum aloefélium, and crassif6liam: Banksian 
fe Warner, Esq. & 
gr. to W. F. G. Farmer, Esq., exhibited a seedling 
From the Very Rev. the Dean of M 
blooms of his handsome seedling Camellia, “ 
described at p. 247: a certificate was awarded for it. 
Low, of Clapton, senta plant of Caméllia Lowii, @ 
which was exhibited at the last meeting: the petals are regu- 
d more full in the 
From Mr. Kinghorn, gr. to Alex. Murray, Esq., a seedling Cal- 
ceolaria, named Candidate. From Mr. Doran, gt. to T. Hawes, 
Esq., a leash of Cucumbers and three magnificent Hydrangeas, 
diameter, and leaves nine 
ded for 
and a seedling Cinerar’ 
the Retreat, Deptford Lane, 
inclosing the seeds, or nuts, from which a sort 
of Arrowroot is made in Mexico. From Mr. Hutchinson, gr. to 
my 
C) 
wing to the mildness of the weather, thetem~ 
perature for the first week was kept at 55° without much fire; it 
ture ranged by day from 80° to 95°; 
stoned, the house was kept very warm, 
90° to 100°, and even 105°, but never 
night. At this season, water was abundantly supplied to the 
Toots, and the trees were syringed overhead with tepid water 
every morning. The soil used was light sandy loam and decayed 
sheep’s dung, and the plants were shifted annually. Some of 
the trees were 16 years old, and showed signs of improvement, 
instead of having become weaker under this treatment. The 
number of fruit on g trees was stated to be 13 dozen; a Knightian 
medal was awarded for the Peaches. From R. Wrench, Esq. 
jy & 
dozen handsome fruit of the Hoary Morning Apple. Messrs. 
