1 
“two acres of land alternately with Wheat 
1843.] 
THE GARDENERS 
CHRONICLE. 
319 
This was the actual state ofa 
Great Britain, 
ised by the land being let on long leases, and, as a consequence 
of this security, a large expenditure of capital on it. The land 
used at the plough. No water was allowed to accumulate; there 
‘was generally abundance of stock and plenty anure, One 
object of the paper was to draw attention to the fact that the 
same kinds of lands, when cultivated on the low system, yielded 
small produce, small profits, low. wages, and deficient 
demand for labour ; whereas, when cultivated on thehigh system, 
the produce was large, the profit was large for the capital 
This statement was proved 
and realised 163 per cent. on the capital employed. 
cases quoted, 19 and 20 per cent. were realised on better land. 
The author then went into details, proving that acapital of 1,000/, 
could be moré profitably expended on 100 acres of land than on 
200 or 300. T' 
c and Potatoes. The cost 
of cultivation was 23/., whilst the produce had been worth 93/., 
thus leaving 70/. profit subject to a drawback of 17/ 
in Norfolk, as affording abundant evidence of the superiority of 
his mode of cultivating land. He also referred to the evidence 
afforded by allotments of the very much greater amount of 
profit attending spade-husbandry, and especially to the success. 
ful results of this system as seen on the estate of Mrs. Davies 
ilbert. In conclusion, the author believed that the system of 
letting farms from year to year was the great obstruction to the 
necessary outlay of capital. If farms were let on leases of from. 
4 to 21 years, the superabundant capital of this country would 
soon find on the land a profitable outlay. Not only would the 
agricultural labourer befully employed, but there would even be 
a demand for the superabundant population of the manufacturing 
districts; by the increased work and wages of the labourer, 
there would soon be a great demand for manufacturing pro- 
luce, and in this way the country would again be in the way of 
regaining its wonted prosperity, 
NOTICES or NEW PLANTS WHICH ARE EITHER 
USEFUL OR ORNAMENTAL. 
CenTrapr’NIA RO/sEA. Rose-coloured Centradenia. (Half. 
shrubby Greenhouse plant.) Melastomacez, ctindria Mono. 
—A pretty halt-shrubby greenhouse plant, introduced from 
sunny Bicus tony but not a dry atmosphere.— Botanical Register. 
ai u Five-fingered -neck. 
(Stove. Epiphyte.) Orehiddcer ‘Vandew, Gynan Fe hae 
dria.—This plant has in some respects so much the appearance of 
C. maculatum, that when first received from Mr. Veitch, of Exeter, 
March, 1842, it was difficult to say whether it was a variety of 
adistinct species. A plant, however, obtained from Brazil direct 
by Messrs. Loddiges, has shown it to be the latter. It has a short 
raceme of much larger greenish-yellow flowers, with broad cho- 
colate-brown blotches, and its lip is quite remarkable, having 5 
finger-like lobes, and no more, instead of the lateral comb like 
fringes of C. maculatum.—Botanical Register. 
Lissocuitus, résuus. Ro’ 
dacez. 
Registers. 
Orebi- 
with Mr. 
and is sweet-scented, handsome, and. distinguished typ sh 
yellow nankeen-coloured flowers, the lip of whichis little stained 
with rose-colour,—Botanical Register. 
(CHITES SPLENDENS. Splendid Echites. (Stove Climber.) 
Pentandria Monogynia.—Introduced by Messrs. 
J a time, are exceedingly lovely, their ti ing 
& light blush, which deepens towards the feat aan 
Centre; but the variations are so gentle and gradual as to be 
highly delightful. The breadth of each blossom is from three 
four inches. It will probably not require so high a tem- 
perature as some stove climbers, and may possibly succeed in @ 
ae close greenhouse. It should be planted in a small, un- 
Altec unshaded bed of prepared earth, and trained up the 
Dae or over the roof, of the house. A loamy soil is best for it; 
se Ne sandy heath-mould may be added with advantage. Being 
eo uous it will most likely be better for a litule pruning in 
of Nae and it should be kept in a state of rest during the months 
RROG Rts December, and January. Cuttings of the young 
readis will root with the usual treatment, though not very 
ily.—Pavton's Magazine of Botany. 
0 coloured. flowered Manéttia. 
Tetrandria, Monogynia,—Another inte- 
§ plant, introduced by Messrs. Veitch, with stronger stems 
’, fc on 
re Mann’ Bt 
Seating ese Climber.) 
and b: 
The roader leaves than M. cordifélia, but much smaller flowers: 
combination of scarlet and deep yellow which they 
rs them very attractive. It 
m greenhouse, which is 
asin 
Present Tende 
ture of a 
sen MISCELLA US. 
abundaitl ‘alloo.—Phe Malloo is a large creeper, growing 
bottom ee throughout the district of Gurhwal, at the 
precipi Harrow and hot valleys, along the sides and 
ers and in ravines ; it is 40 or 50 yards in 
8 Very stron saeravle thickness ; from the bark of it 
it for tyin, '& Tope may be made. The natives chiefly use 
6 up their cattle, and sew their straw mats with 
th; and of ¢ 
the fresh bark; it also makes capital matches for guns, 
and muzzles for oxen and calves. The leaves, which are 
heart-shaped, and above a span in breadth and the same 
in length, are made into chattas, or are sewed together 
with twigs, to form baskets. for holding turmeric, pepper, 
and ginger; great quantities of these baskets are sold, 
being used by the poor instead of dishes to eat off. The 
broad, flat seed of the pod is also eaten after being fried. 
This creeper is generally cut in July and August, but this 
‘ay be done at all seasons. The outer bark being stripped 
off, is thrown away, and the inner coating, which is re- 
quired for ropes, is soaked in water and twisted when wet. 
Before being used, the fibre is boiled and beaten with 
mallets, which renders it soft and pliable for being made 
into ropes. Although these ropes are strong, they are not 
very durable, but rot if kept constantly under water; 
they will last about eighteen months if occasionally soaked, 
and their duration is increased but little by coating them 
with tar.—Z'ransactions of the Agri-Horticullural Society 
of India. 
Raising the Currant from. Seed.—To grow seedlings, 
it is important that the largest and best fruit should be 
selected. A strong and healthy plant should therefore 
be chosen, and if too full of fruit to prevent its attaining 
a good size, it should be thinned out, leaving only suffi- 
cient to bring the plant to the utmost perfection. As 
soon as the fruit is ripe, it should be picked, and the 
seeds washed out from the pulp ; this may be easily done 
by bruising the seeds in water, passing the whole through 
a sieve, and afterwards spreading it out in a cool, shady, 
situation to dry; after which it may be placed in papers 
until the time of planting, in April. At that season a 
small piece of ground should be selected, and made fine 
by deep spading and raking the surface ; the seed should 
be planted in drills about a foot apart, scattering it thinly, 
that the plants may not come up so crowded as to require 
thinning out to any extent. No other care is requisite 
than to keep the bed clear of weeds. The plants will produce 
fruit in the second or third year, when such as are worth 
preserving should be marked, and the remainder rooted 
up and thrown away.—Hovey’s Magazine of Horticulture. 
To boil Vegetable-Marrow.—Gardeners are apt to 
withhold their Vegetable- Marrow till it is not worth bring- 
ing to table. It should never exceed three inches in 
length. Under that size they may be boiled whole; but 
if as large, they must be divided once, and all the seeds be 
removed. Throw a little salt into the water to keep them 
green, and boil them in the same manner as Asparagus, 
serving them upon a toast with melted butter. 
Poisoning by Snails and Coridria myrtifolia.—A fa- 
mily of peasants living in the commune of Clermont, near 
Toulouse, fell a sacrifice to poisoning by” snails. »The 
physician who attended them communicated the following 
details to the Journal de Toulouse:—From what I col- 
lected concerning the circumstances which preceded the 
disease, andi those which accompanied it, and from the 
symptoms which I myself witnessed, I had no difficulty in 
recognising a case of poisoning like those occasioned by 
narcotico-acrid bles, sui bellad y 
thorn-apple, &c. No’ doubt remained'in my mind as to 
the cause‘of this terrible’ disease; as'soon as 1 Knew that 
the snails eaten had been collected in the bushes called in 
French redout, but in the patois of the country, roudout 
(Coridria myrtifolia). Every one knows that the leaves 
and young shoots are a poison to the domestic animals 
which browse on them, and that they kill them, after 
causing giddiness and a’ kind of epileptic attack ; but a 
fact which is not known, is, that the flesh of these animals 
may occasion the greatest. danger, and even death. itself, 
Symptoms like those which I have just witnessed are rare ; 
but it is common to see among our peasants indisposition 
caused by snails, which comes from their eating them as 
soon as they are gathered. The example of .the: ancient 
Romans should be followed, and these animals should not 
be brought to table until they have been kept six months 
or a year, feeding them on bran and wild thyme. This is 
the way also to make them fatter and more savoury.— 
Gazette Medicale. 
Action of Salts on Living Plants,—From the yarious 
experiments which M. Vogel, sen., has made on the 
action of salts on living plants, he has arrived at the fol- 
lowing conclusions :—Ist. That plants with their roots 
immersed in a solution of sulphate of copper totally 
absorb the salt, convert it into proto-sulphate, and die 
quickly. 2d, That acetate of copper produces the same 
effects, the salt absorbed becoming proto-acetate of copper. 
3d, That plants absorb sulphate of magnesia, nitrate of 
potash, and iodide of potassium, and die more or less 
quickly. 4th. That the sulphates of zinc and manganese 
are absorbed by plants without suffering decomposition, 
and the plants die, 5th. That. plants absorb nitrate 
of cobalt and nickel, without being able to absorb:the 
whole of them from solution ; but,they die, and the same 
effect is produced by emetic tartar. 6th. That the oxa- 
late and. tartrate of oxide of chromium and potash are 
slowly absorbed by plants, and the bichromate of potash 
much more quickly. The Datura stramonium and Galega 
officinalis absorb the salt of chromium with the greatest 
they become of a yellow colour and die. 
yth. That plants absorb nitrate of silver; but they de- 
compose it, and the oxide of silver is reduced to the 
metallic state. 8th. That plants absorb also, and totally, 
the protonitrate of mercury from solution, but the salt is 
decomposed. 9th. That corrosive sublimate is absorbed 
by plants; some of them decompose it into calomel, and 
others absorb it without decomposition. 10th. That 
plants slowly absorb acetate of lead; and it is decomposed 
by some plants and not by others. 11th. That plants 
which contain: much carbonate of lime, such as the Chara 
vulgaris and the’ Stratiotes’ aloides do not absorb ‘a’ salt 
prepared border, 
there since witho' 
of copper from’ solution; the same also occurs with the 
Cereus variabilis.—Jowrnal de Pharmacie et de Chimie. 
A New Disease of the Plum.—The following account 
of a new disease of the Plum is given in ‘‘ Hovey’s Maga- 
zine,’’ by Dr. Harris, of Cambridge, Massachusetts. in 
May, 1841, an undescribed disease made its appearance 
amongst the Plums in some gardens of this vicinity, and 
it has been observed again during the present season. 
Soon after the blossom had fallen, the fruit swelled rapidly, 
: . > 
and in two or three weeks it had grown to more than ten 
times the size that it ordinarily attains in the same period. 
It was soft and compressible, as though it were puffed up 
with air, being filled with an elastic spongy substance of 
a whitish colour. In some of these inflated Plums no ves- 
tige of a kernel remained ; in others, a little, soft, and 
empty shell was found. After growing from one-half to 
more than three-quarters of an inch in diameter, the fruit 
dropped, and by the middle of June no more of it was to 
be seen on the trees. The cause of this puffy swelling of 
the fruit, and abortion of the kernel, is a little thrips, 
several. of ;which were found on almost all the diseased 
Plums. It is probable that they begin their attaoks in the 
blossom, and that they prevent the fertilisation of the 
ovule or young kernel, by destroying the pollen ; and, by 
subsequently puncturing the Plum, produce an irritation, 
which is followed by a rapid swelling and diseased con- 
dition of the fleshy substance of the fruit. Preternatural 
enlargements and distortions of the parts of flowers and 
of fruits are known to be occasioned by the attacks of 
other species of thrips. This may be seen in the blossom 
of the black Whortleberry (Vaccinium resinosum), all 
parts of which, calyx, corolla, stamens, and ovary, are 
sometimes enormously enlarged, and entirely changed in 
texture and appearance, in consequence of the punctures 
of a kind of thrips. 
Valley of Kieri.—Notwithstanding the extreme insalu- 
brity. of this. valley, in which the pitch-springs are 
situated, it is not entirely uncultivated. The dry parts 
are planted with Olive-trees, which appear to flourish. 
Along the sides of the morass, pretty extensive plantations 
of the Currant-Vine have been formed ‘by ditching and 
draining,—and, as any one who pleases may cultivate the 
marsh, they are extending. We saw two men employed 
in reclaiming a piece of the swamp, to plant Vines in; 
they were labouring hard, with their heads uncovered, ex- 
posed to the mid-day sun, up to their knees in black 
fetid water, throwing up mud and decomposing vegetable 
matter, and forming at the same time a bed anda ditch. 
This cultivation is said to be very productive ; but, as 
might be expected under such circumstances with so lit. 
tle regard to p tion, very hol and hazard- 
ous; fever being ‘almost inevitably the consequence of 
engaging init. The enterprising and careless labourers 
do not live on the spot, but belong to’ the. village of 
Kieri. The Currant Vine here, in this rich soil of vege- 
table matter, is very precocious, rapidly coming to per- 
fection, and as rapidly decaying. It bears fruit, it is said, 
on the third year from its planting, and perishes in about 
12-or 15 years ; in the intermediate time, whilst in vigour, 
yielding a great profusion of fine frait.—Davy’s Notes 
on the Ionian Islands. 
GARDEN MEMORANDA. 
dition, the blossoms having just expanded. The plants occupy 
a broad bed, of about 150 feet in length, and the foliage being in 
some state, by simply leaving on the mats during thos 
when there had been frost in the previous night, and t) 
venting the sun from shining on them. This is an easy and 
remedy, proving, in the case under notice, particularly effectual. 
Among the principal flowers in the bed, we observed the follow- 
i were extremely fine:—Roses: Bacchus, Brulante 
éclatante, Cataline, Claudiana, Lac, Ponceantres blanc, Lady 
Byblamens: Claude, Imperatrix 
wise, of Erica odorata alba, with 
18 hursery is remark- 
Japan Lilies, includ- 
» L. speciosum and its 
plants of L. speciosu 
si 
alluded to is hardy enough to bear exposure around London, 
and to the south of it; while it is thus rendered highly probable 
p Mu, 
Essenden Place, Hatfield, Herts.—'The Pinus insignis is now 
flowering at this place; and may be considered a rarity, most of 
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