40 THE GARDENERS 
we lee 
[Jan. 14, 
range of the thermometer, however, is of much less moment as a 
guide in pOrenE than shemean Agar tasta of certain periods or 
stages in the growth of plan! At one time or other, I have 
forced ae plant which Ceees patter this title, from the Mango 
to the Early aoe Pea; and I know of none which may not have 
a range of from 5° to 10°, or even more in the payee during any 
stage of their progress; yet I know there are opposite and most 
absurd notions entertained on this point. I have even known 
young gardeners threatened with the loss of their situations, be- 
cause they could SE or would not keep their thermometers to the 
in a book or calendar. I wish it, Ho ae e, 
to be always Taitertocd, that when ‘ion in thi 
dar any particular degree of ae that I intend it to repre- 
sent the mean temperature for that week; also, unless other- 
wise specified, that ee never i above that degree by fire- 
heat, beac that I put little stress on a rise or fall of 10' oe » influenced 
exci LWOult therefore recommend young men 
attending tie forcing-houses, to hang up a piece of slate near 
thermometer, with the days of the est written on it, to mark 
Sebsite to each the temperature at 8 or 10 o’clock, A.m., and at 
8 or 10 p.m, ; then to add all up weekly, and take the average or 
mean for their memorandum-books: afterwards, the average of 
certain stages, say from the time of commencing fires to the ap- 
pearance of leaves in the vinery or the flowers in the peach-house, 
id so on, in all the houses, pits, or frames. This will afterwards 
prove much ee ue to them than aresor a: of the daily 
range of the 
mae 
KT CHEN GARDEN AND ORCHARD, 
oor Department. 
Pinery.—The Periferatere here must still be kept low and 
steady. Tepid water only should be used for such plants as re- 
quire watering ; nothing is more injurious to plants in general 
than Ae ag the temperatare of the soil in which they grow by 
the cold water. It is now considered in building new 
totaes or maken old ones, that a provision for a regular supply 
of tepid water is indispensable. 
ry.—There are Vines now in all stages of growth, from 
those hd fruit is barely set.or setting, down to those whose 
sap is just beginning to move. Different temperatures to suit 
ne different stages will of course be necessary; say from 45 
at ae ae then up to 60° as the Vine breaks into leat and 
gradually 0 70° when the Vines are in flower. The Black 
mburgh, Black Prince, White Muscadine, and other free-set- 
tae kinds will fers their fruit even at sue aot season in a moist 
atmosphere, ju: 's well as in a dry sto e Sweetwater 
and M nce bettie deficient i in Soller poguize a ahien atmosphere 
when in flow: 
BA CH- ao uiE = Stiouid the trees be at all weak, if one-sixth 
part of their blossom-buds are rubbed off, it will “pels BES 
them in setting their fruit; if, on the other hand, they ar one 
or rather vigorous, let all their flowers remain 
mosphere with plenty of air; fom 45° to 50° i: is high eioaeta at 
Ene while the trees a in bloss 
Crerry-HOUsE.—If y ppeating Stns frost it will be sufficient 
for this house at Dieser: 
UCUMBERS AND Me.ons,—Heat and moisture are the life of 
these plants at this early fae Several sowings of both should 
be made, to have a constant su upply in case of accidents or fail- 
ures. Ina practical point of view, I fully agree with whatis said 
about Cucumbers in the last le sella My ol 
been to endeavour to have plenty o! 
Anna Boleyn Pink and double ae ely al. are, in my eyes, the 
éest in their classes: but in point of utility, the Van Thol Tulip 
has no rival with me. Just so with a Cucumber 12 inches sora 
but if an amateur chooses to have them 40 inches long, ribbed, 
grow Pelargoniums, so that twelve of them would be wd ge enough 
to fill a house, in which another man could find r 
hundred smaller plants of tHe same sorts. If Teena ‘tell an ama- 
teur how to add 6 inches to his 3-feet Cucumber, I should not 
mind writing a long calendar on the subject. my rate, cold 
water will not do for Cucumbers thus early. 
Mus#rooms.—When a sufficient quantity of droppings is ready, 
new beds for spring use may be made on a wet day, when the 
men can do little else. 
ut. door and Orchard, 
work here is still of the common routine character. 
Whenever the surface-soil is oe eh up the earth between all 
young crops in rows, abbages, Carrots, Onions, Let- 
Cauliflowers inde? hand-glasses peti Foe atten- 
e weather ; let them enty of air, 
and take the glasses off during fine days. Place Bonits or some 
litter between the rows, for walki Pruning and nailing 
should now be nearly completed, except in the case of Peaches 
and oa Reon had asia be bias till next month, 
[1.—FLOWER-GA D SHRUBBERY, 
In- ie Densrine ete 
Srove,—Now that many of the Orchiddcez are beginning to 
grow, great attention must be paid to the young and tender 
shoots, to see that no moisture Jodges in their centres, or inside 
the sheathy envelops which cover the buds at the bottom of 
the stems or bulbs. These coverings, being now of no use, had 
better Srey be cut off, and not torn off, for fear of displacing 
any of the buds. Keep the plants always “clean, and Be only 
such as are growing, and those but sparingly. Some of tl the 
Cyrtop6diums might now be shaken out of their pots, the bulbs 
cleared of all the dry remains of the last fohieets repotted in very 
rich turfy loam, and plunged ina mild bottom-heat among the 
Pines, or any frames at work. The same Y ordlnnene suits ee 
Phaius, or old Blétia ‘Tankervillze, after the flowering is ov 
only, as it is of an evergreen nature, it requires to be watered all 
the yearround, It is a most useful plant, to come in at this 
time, among forced flowers for the rooms or conservatory 
scarce stove-plant may now be removed into more Heat, for the 
purpose of increase; and cuttings of any woody plants which 
take along time to ‘strike, may now be put in and placed ina 
close frame or 
REN HOUSK.—Abundance of air should be given at all times 
when the weather permits. I have seen plants die about ae 
time in this house from want of water, when the surface of th: 
pots were, if anything, too moist. Water often and a little at Z 
time, as I was first taught, is the cause of nine-tenths of the 
failures in this way. Try the opposite, water very seldom; but 
when you do, mind to have every particle of soil in the pot 
wetted. 
ConservATORY.—Having once got this house gay for the new 
year, never slacken your endeavours to keep it so till next 
Christmas ; but to do this, you must have plenty of plants, and 
fom to grow and force t! 
AND FRAMES. <SWhen the weatber will not permit the 
lights to be taken off, you can improve and sweeten them very 
y turning them eee the day ; that is let two ties 
hi 
y have since fallen ey I aoe ea 
eeactly like the vine, pruned. one a spur system. I rest it 
at 50°, till it began to grow, when I would shake off all the 
mould from its roots, and repot it in as small a pot as I could get 
the roots into without crowding them; using rich turfy soil. It 
sponle then have more heat, and by the time all the eyes pushed 
‘w inches, it would require as much heat as any of the stoves 
ott afford. Never allow rampant suckers to rise from the 
bottom, unless wanted for peneial main shoots. By this treat- 
ment they do beautifully for thre four months in the con- 
servatory, when in flower, ae id id Lagerstrze’mia indica I treat 
exactly in the same way ; e spurs are left three or four 
inches long. What a pity ti is Ditiat this fine plant should be so 
seldom seen! 
Out-door Department. 
Vegetation is now happily arrested without any great vio- 
lence, and half-hardy plants are in much better condition to 
stand a smart frost than they were on New Year’s Day. Soils 
and gravel should now be carted, and laid in convenient places, 
to be at hand for the beds and walks next tay thal Keep acon- 
stant eye on neatness along the walks an 6 also that 
alterations and improvements are ae forward so as not to 
interfere with the mek business of spri 
RSERY AND FOREST DE "PART 
PLANTATIONS AND Corrice.—See that the Hoots left on cop- 
pice stools are not more numerous ee the roots can main- 
tain in vigour, and so arranged as to have an equal share of 
light and air. Cut back to a shoot any of the side branches 
which contend with the leading shoots, if you wish 
ae aight poles. Clear out the drains or ‘watercourses as carefully 
is you would the ee, Ae your buildings.—D. Beaton, 
‘Shrubland Park Garde Ipswi 
State of the Weather neai for the ee ending vets 19, 
__1843, as observed at the Horticultural G: , Chiswick, 
Banomerer. 
“Teatoman Wind, | 
Average | 29¢ 29 43.0 
Jan. 13. Hurricane in past night ; morning ve very boisterous ; 3 ba. 
rometer, at ear lower than it has been since Dec, 35, 
1821; clear at ni 
14. Clear and windy ; densely: overcast; snow at night. 
15s. Goadys E oor and fine ; frosty at night. 
16. Cold ai ; fine; overcast. 
ie Overcast and fine; slight rai 
18. Hazy; overcast; dense fog ath night. 
19: Dense for throughont. 
Mean temperature of the week 2° above the average. 
State of the Weather at Chiswick during the last a years, for 
e ee Week oneing Jan. 28, 1843 
| Aver. | A Iatean| Youre in | Greatest 
Highest inves quantity ,: 
Jan. pn \1 sil ee ae of Rain, 4 
“The highest te Ganreatare during the above period occurred on 
the 23d, in 1834—thermometer 58°; and the lowest on the 27th 
in 1827—thermometer 17 
REPORT ON COVENT-GARDEN MARKET, 
For the Week ars Jan. 20, 1843 
[The te sieve contains . . tmp erial gallons. 
The Sie . ane 
The Bushel Sieve’)! 
The Bushel Basket . . 
Punnets for Seakale are 
” Radishes . 
, Mushrooms 
Sala 
ssa ben 5 
ener imperial bus! hel. 
oe a in, wide aa Z in, Core 
oe ” 
. 7 ” 3 ” 
» 
ww] 
conseqt wence of the mild state of the weather, adit Kinds of 
vegetables are unusually abundant ; foreign fruits, and many 
native growth, are also well supplied. Fr wus Few Pines are off 
and there e a trifling advance in thei 
Hothouse Grapes is becoming limited 
good, the Spanish Grapes fetching from 9d. 
eas erin 1s. to ls. 6d. per lb. Good dessert’ Pears are 
less abundant, and an advanced price is consequently demanded ; 
fair samples 0: af eurré Rance and thi ie Ne Plus Meuris are 
selling from 7s. to 1 per half-sieve ; the er poate from 5s. 
to 7s.; and the Gout Morcean, at 10s. per halts 
of dessert Apples there is also a trifling advance ; Non} 
from 12s, to 15s. per bushel; Ribstone Pippins, from 6s, . 
Golden Knobs, 5s. per bushel. The best Kitchen Apples are the 
Blenheim Orange, from 4s. to 5s.; with the Royal Russet and 
Winter Queening, from 3: to 4s. 6d. per bushel. setae: 
are abundant, from 9s. tage per dozen. Vegetables: The supply of 
Asparagus continues on the inerease, and there is a slight dimindtion 
in its price. Seakale is equally plentiful, and of excellent quality 
the best punnets are from Is. 6d. to 2s, each. re few French Beans 
may be obtained, from 3s. ‘to 3s. 6d. per 100. Rhubarb is pretty 
generally offered,” from 6d. to 1s, per bundle. Carrots are dearer 
than in our last Report, having risen to ni and 6s. per doz. bunches, 
Young Horn Carrots fetch from 4d. to er bunch. 
of Vegetables remain the same as quoted last week. Flowe: 
is a great variety amongst the cut Caméllia blooms, Hyacinths 
are becoming more general. We noticed atte very clear flowers 
of the white Cydonia japénica, with Abidtilor atum, Acdecia pu- 
Bees, Oppeip eau eric, Azdleas, Garde jas, and the ‘tree 
‘ony. 
2H 
Pine Apple, Chesnuts, perp 3 to Gi 
Grapes, Testis, per Ths to 8s Walnuts, per bush., 125 to 16s 
anish, 9d to le Almonds, perpeck, 6s to 74. 
prtugal, Is to 1 Sweet Almonda, per pou 
Apples, adeacert e er bush, 2s 6d to ¢ elit exanaipintieest "00 ibe. dos t06se 
itchen, 2s to 6 Cob Nuts, per 100 Ibs., 703, to 80s 
, dessert, per hf, sieve, 2s to 12s |Nats, per bushel— 
Oranges per a, od vo — Brazil, 16s to 208 
— Spanish,20s 
mae bites) yer 100) i to 128 — Barcelona, 243 
Lemons, per doz — Cob, 14s. 
100; jews a 
VEGETABLES. 
Sayoys, La for, 6d tols Spinach, per sieve, 1s 6d to 2s 
Cabba; bage, id to 1s bie, per doz. bnn., 1s 6d +a) Be 6d 
‘la ts, per doz 1 6d to 2s 6d ontengs per bushel, 4 Gd to 
for pickling, ‘e604 6d ickling, per hf.-sv., Guid to Ae 6d 
Brussels fie per hfv-sy. 1s to 2s wee on nts p- doz. bin. Bs to 
Broccoli, White, eee Aad to 2 hy per coed: 2sto 5s 
urple, fd to Gurlie, per, 6d to 
i per 100, 
Parases, Per ton, 40s bo jos 0, 74 to 98 
per cwt. 2s to — Second, 2s bd 3 38 Gd 
per bushel, 1s 3a to 22 Small, 25 10 26 Gd 
Kidney, kale, per Punnet, Sito 
Ne Ta to Hettuce, Gab pe sey Ad 
Jerusalem ‘Artichokes, ee half-sieve, Cos, 1a to 
to 14 84 Endive, per score, od to 1s Gd 
Turnips, per doz. bun, 1s 6d to Celery. pba. (Ito 
Red Beet, per “fosen, 0 to hi 
rragon,. per doy. bia, 2 
Turnip, a shia pu to ls6d sie ee ‘doo. bunches, eto 2. 8d 
Carrots, per. ager bunch. 4¢ to 6 Mint, per doz. bunches, 2s to 35 
mn, per Damel a 0 6d Maskvoome, per pottle, 4d to 8d 
Parsneps, per dozen, 9d to 1 
Notices to Correspondents. 
Back Numerrs or Tan GArpenenrs’ Cnronicin.—We are 
often applied to for particular Numbers of the Gardeners’ 
Chronicle, to complete sets, and so many are now out of print, 
that we think it will save a parties trouble if we publish a list 
of the Numbers which may still be had. 
will forward to our Publisher post-office sti 
value to as many Numbers as are required, shall have them 
sent. If parties find that they have any duplicates we 
shall be glad to exchange them. i 
very anxious to complete a sets should write at once, as we 
ery few copies of s 
i , 4, 5, 7) 8: ly, , 
I 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 41, 46, 
1 1, 8,4, 5, 6y 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 16, 18, 19, 22, 23, 24, 39, 41, 
ry ie: a , 52, 53. 
To AontouLteraL Corresronpents.—As this class of Corre- 
spondents is increasing, we beg to say that we are endeavour- 
ing to find some one thoroughly conversant with the details of 
agriculture, to whom such inquiries can be referred; and we 
hope in a week or two to be able to discharge all our arrears 
under this head, in a manner satisfactory to ourselves as well 
as our Corr espondents. 
MAnurgs, 
ay 13, 14, 15, 16, Wy, a 19, 20, 21, 
4 
is much cheaper to buy gypsum than 
The latter is, eoueer a refuse in 
the manufactory of patent candles, and ma: e bought of the 
makers of them,——An Original Subser ere ies is stated that a 
compost consisting of three parts peat an one stable manure 
is eqnal to its bulk of stable dung, and m ermanent in its 
effects. (Licdig, Amer. shite sug 373.) If you! ea add pearl-ashes 
wood-ashes to your peat, it will become a valuable fer- 
tilising material, without any Stable manure at all. Ammonia 
will be largely absorbed by the peaty matter. Mr. Rennie's 
book is no authority whatever. When fermenting materials 
sg covered over Raitt mould, it is not to prevent the escape of 
arbonic acid, but of ammonia, which by degrees is partly 
aosorbed: se the substances it is in connect: with, and to keep 
of fermentation. This we trust is an answer to 
all your oesiones If not, you must blame yourself; for who 
but ayo! nm read crossed writing, one-half of which 
is obliterated by the other half.t——J. Wollaston.—14 or 2 cwt. 
will be is Apis annual dressing for an acre of 
Grass land.t——H. —Since you want to use your manure 
immediately, you et better fix the ammonia with very A 
sulphuric acii must be used in mixture aly 30 
times its bulk of hia ese cinder- siftings, gypsum, or some 
such material; not 1 o strong in its ure state ; 
at évial The guano is best applied to Grass- 
land when the grass is beginning to grow, and in damp 
caer 13 cwt. an acre is enough. We shall be infinitely 
obliged for the result of your experiments.;——J. B,~J6 
render sawdust fit for manure it must be rotted ; the best means 
ing which is to mix it with other substances in a state 
oe fermentation. It then peur cen not only as a source 
f carbon and saline matter: edium for condensing 
the volatile matters around it, Cloacine is a poo material ta 
hit. We do not anticipate advantage from mixing it 
with gas lime, which, however, is a good mane in itself. It 
is absurd to say that sawdust creates wire-worms. The dust 
produced by singeing bombazeens ought to be a good manure ; 
acting like animal charcoal, and excellent as a disinfecting 
agent. But we never heard of its being so employed, ue 
-B. F.—We 
value has to be determined by experiment.——B. F’,— 
not find phosphate of ammonia quoted among the articles sain 
by dealers in manures; it must phen etore Pe obtained of the 
wholesale manufacturing chemists. Sulphate of ammonia is 
sold by all the dealers in manure; and wilt ae Pdoube become a 
most important substance.} 
Timper.—A Cantab writes thus— About 70 years ago a small 
s cut down from a dry bank in the county of 
Cumberland. The shoots from the old roots grew uj 
thickly, and were repeatedly thinned, but not sufficiently, as 
the trees springing from them grew straight, tall, and thin, with. 
hardly any top. For the last 20 years they were obs erved to 
increase very little in size, and by the advice of those on the 
* opinion as to their fature manages 
ment? Ought they Sext spring to be thinned out, leaving: 
only two or three of the best shoots at each root; or shoul 
they be ae to take is hey oun course for one, two, or three 
years lon in August last, and was much diss 
appointed w find that none “Of the shoots seemed to take the 
est; each 0 nad formed a regular bush.” The 
best Ravine: es can ae is thee the bushes should be imme- 
diately cleared three principal shoots, and kept 
cleared; that the laterals of these shoots should be stopped, 
eae ee event of a season waited. If they, next autumn, appear 
etting on, we would go on fora second year in the same 
ee until the leading growth was decidedly established. But 
if, after the first year, they still continue scrubby, we should 
cut them down once more, and take care to watch the young 
shoots carefully, allowing only two to spring from each stock ; 
and as soon as one of these nee any, taken the lead of the 
other, we should remove the latt 
Si ‘The joint fae ‘the extremity of a pipe may 
be made water- tight « at its point of junction with a brick or 
slate tank by what is called an ‘ union joint.” A series of such 
tanks as are described at p. 19 might be connected by means 
of short pipes, but then the pipes must be uae and the last 
tank only must have an incomplete partition, We can, how- 
much discussion as to the method of heating dwelling-houses. 
Nevertheless, we may referyou to the account of Mrs. Tysson’s 
stove, at p. 723, of last year’s volame; state in addition 
that another excellent method of obtaining heat is from small 
water-pipes connected with a boiler at nal Le k of the kitchen 
fire. The cost of your ‘cockle” is too it. }-—Amateur.— 
Joyce’s stove is a very aaipenrtee eon tELpettesh and we can 
hardly recommend it. Nevertheless, if you adapt a pipe to 
the upper draft hole, and convey that pipe out ot ie pane of 
glass, you may possibly find it answer your pu 
VINEs. ar. ily —We cannot recommend you a better recipe 
oa the scale or Vines than a mixture of clay, lime, 
rine, made into the consistence of 
after the ote bark hee been removed from them. Thesteam 
of fermenting dung might assist in the destruction of the 
but as you say the roots of your Vines are in the 
is guarded a, against ; 
If the Yew hedge es ee Ridte| the border, it can do the Vines 
no eee and ee bad quality of your Grapes must be referred 
to some other c: 
Pines.. cae Subseri piber “will find at p. 7 of the Chronicle of this 
year a remedy for the scale which infests Pine-plants. There 
1s such e Pine as Anson’s Queen, but it is not a sort of much 
excellent 
Pgacn-’ aE — Amp duals, Tt is impossible that your Peach« 
