1843.] 
THE GARDENERS 
CHRONICLE. 
543 
Thus, for instance, the Elton is barren, whil 
ie Keen's Seedling 
ceds ina rather high temperature, provided the house is 
inner walls is filled up with brick-rubbish, so as to form a 
covered with flat tiles or 
s are laid across the bed, 
and these are in their 
a 
g 
s 
Ss 
Q 
& 
° 
Sh 
iy 
3 
i} 
s 
° 
In such a 
construction, and cultivated upon the system recommended at 
Goode, gr. to Lawrence, 
of plants, containing most bea’ tiful speci- 
exhibited a collection 
f mis, and the 
mens of the 
es offpowerfuily-scented flowers 
of St. insignis; Sophrdénitis pterocarpa, a minute plant, with 
several icate purple flowers, growing on a |i f w 
Oncidium crispum, chocolate and yellow; Achimenes grandiflora, 
with bright purple blooms, having a white centre ; A. multiflora, 
with flowers of pale purple, fringed on the margin; and Cattleya 
éssiz, in good condition: a Knightian medal was awarded for 
the four first-mentioned plants. From Mr. 8. Gad, gr. to T. J 
Lenox, Esq., © aistow, Essex, was a magnificent specimen of 
ing more than twenty of its singular orange 
for this a Knightian 
al was also awarded. Messrs. Youell, of Great Yarmouth, 
S 
ree- 
ion, and 
stamens and_ pistil mach 
exserted : a seedling called Lindleyana, with a somewhat inflated 
tube, which, with the sepals, is of d substance, and of a 
dark vermilion tint; the petals differ little from them in colour, 
i crimson: Magnifica, a prolific 
bloomer, with reflexed sepals of light rosy purple, and only 
wanting in contrast of colour: Gem, with a thick, short, tube, 
ight rosy vermilion colour; petals crimson 
purple: and insignis, with rich crimson yermilion tube, and 
sepals of good substance; petals purplish crimson, its foliage 
bearing some 
e 
g 
2 
3 
re] 
= 
o 
ES 
2 
& 
ao 
* 
were greatly admired, and received a certificate. s 
Chandler, of Vauxhall, were a well-grown plant of Fuchsia 
highly-coloured and elegant variety, apparently the same as 
Bruceana, in Messrs. Youell’s collection; St. Clare in good 
condition, proving this to be afree-blooming and very fine variety 
when properly treated; Verbena Fowleana, with pretty lavender- 
coloured flowers ; and cut blooms of Marygolds and several fine va- 
rieties of Verbena: for Fuchsia St.Clare a certificate wa 
were two boxes of cut k 
dL 
the Prince of Denmark, and Beechwood elon. From 
Mr. Mountjoy, of Ealing, a very pretty hybrid Gloxinia, said 
to have originated between Sinningia guttata and Gloxinia 
rubra; the s are of a clear flesh-colour, having a pale 
prim: certificate 
was awarded for it. , exhibited four 
pretty seedling Fuchsias, one called venusta, with flowers 
of the colour of Venus victrix, but of a more globose form and 
and with curiously dentated leaves; Vesta, with tube and 
sepals of a pale flesh-colour, tipped with green, and of good sub- 
stance, opening well, and displaying the pet ls, which are vermi- 
lion tinged with crimson; § a, an extremely large variety, 
with dark vermilion tube and reflexed sepals petals purplish 
crimson ; the other variety was somewhat similar to the last, but 
From Messrs. Goode, of Ponders? End, was a small 
j. From Mr. Hally, of Blackheath, a small 
its conspicuous white berries 
in abundance, which contrast well with the dark green foliage, 
and render it a valuable plant either for the conservatory or for 
turning out in the open airin summer,—a certificate was awarded 
for it. From Mr. Spencer, gr. to the Marque Lansdowne, 
was a most handsome Queen Pine Apple, weighing 5lbs. 1202. 5 
for which a Banksian Medal was awarded. Mr. Jones, gr. to 
Baron Dimsdale, brought a fine specimen of the Cayenne Pine 
‘Apple upon the plant, for which a certificate w ‘ded. Some 
Hamburgh Grapes 
isney; the latter 
remely fine specimen 
of the Housainee Melon, weighing 101bs. me from Mr. Fleming; 
gr. to his Grace the Duke of Sutherland ; it had been grown upon 
aplant situated ina fig-house, being planted in a small pit to 
keep it from interfering with the roots of the Figs: a Banksian 
Medal was awarded, 
& 
° 
oes 
S 
g 
Ante: 
a 
2 
‘wet season like the present, producing abundance of fine clean 
fruit, whereas the common hard 
has been so much affected w a 
Mr. Hasledine Pepys nibited two Lupines, one planted on the 
26th of April, when weighing 2°6 grains, in soil composed (in 100 
parts) of sili 75: alumina, 15; and carbonate of lime, 10; it 
h 30z. 5ars. of distilled water, and afterwards 
the same, every day; on the 30th of July it was in 
The other, planted on 
ety of the same, and C. pallidus,—all capable 
i ons,—with a 
July 26.—Right Hon. Lord Portman in the chair. Five gentle- 
men were elected Members. The Hon. W. R. Rous transmitted a 
statement of the comparative consumption and expense of fat- 
tening twelve bullocks, half of which were fed onnative produce 
(a “compound” of linseed, &e.), and half on foreign oilcake. 
The result was in favour of the former. The Rev. D. Gwilt stated 
the injury which his Lucerne and Flax crops had sustained from 
the presence of a parasitical weed, a specimen of which was 
transmitted to Mr. Paxton, gr. to his Grace the Dake of Devon- 
shire, for determination. Mr. Clive recommended the adoption 
compete as South-downs ;” 
the dairy districts; Mr. Harrison, his manure powder to the 
notice of the Council; and Mr. Walsford stated his discovery of 
a mode of destroying animal life without injury to plants. 
ROYAL SOUTH LONDON FLORICULTURAL SOCIETY. 
Eneara.—The 3rd prize for Picotees was awarded to Mr. Orson, 
and not to Mr. Hughes, as stated in our repart of last week ; and 
for Carnations, Mr. Orson received the 2nd, and Mr. Hughes 
the 3rd prize. 
——— 
MISCELLANEOUS. 
Watering Plants in the Ionian Islands.—Where 
gardens are cultivated, as in the neighbourhood of the 
towns of Zante and Corfu, two methods of watering 
are employed, viz., by hand and by gutters. The gar- 
dener carries a jar with a large mouth under one arm, and 
pouring the water from it, with the other hand he scatters 
it over the thirsty plants. ‘The gutters are little channels 
made in the soil; closed at one end, and supplied with 
water from a well by means of a lever and bucket, till the 
ground is thoroughly saturated. The time of watering is 
evening, usually after sunset. In the process the foot is 
often employed, the naked foot, for the purpose of clos- 
ing one channel, or breaking down a little embankment 
o tur the course of the water into different beds,— 
bringing to recollection the Scripture expression of water- 
ing the seed “ with the foot, as ina garden of herbs.”’ 
By the villagers, who are fond of flowers—and it is a pre- 
valent taste, particularly in Corfu, where they pride them- 
selves upon their fine Carnations—another method of 
watering is used, which probably has been found by ex- 
perience to have a better effect. The florist takes the 
water into his mouth and spurts it on his plants. The 
slightly raised temperature of the water may be beneficial, 
and also the small quantity of saliva mixed with it, which 
may act as a manure.—Davy’s Notes on the Ionian 
Islands. 
New Mode of employing Creosote for the Preservation 
of Butchers’ Meat and Fish.—Creosote, so named from 
its great antiseptic power, which exceeds, perhaps, that of 
any other substance, has been long employed to preserve 
animal matters from decay. ‘The only two ways in which 
creosote is usually applied for this purpose, consist either 
in exposing the meat which we wish to preserve to the 
smoke of burning wood, of which creosote is the effective 
constituent, or else in immersing it for a short time in 
water containing a few drops of creosote. Articles of food 
prepared by either of these methods may, as is well known, 
be kept for a long time without spoiling; but both these 
modes of using the creosote are attended with the incon- 
venience that the food necessarily acquires the taste and 
smell peculiar to smoked meat, which is by no means 
agreeable to every one. By the method now proposed, 
this inconvenience is entirely avoided. During the past 
summer, which was so unusually hot, in common with 
most persons, I experienced considerable difficulty in 
preserving fresh meat even fora few days. It struck me 
at length, however, that perhaps the vapours of creosote 
might be found useful for this purpose, and the method 
adopted was the following very simple one. I placed a 
small plate containing a little creosote immediately under 
each piece of meat as it hung suspended in the larder, and 
covered both over with a cloth. The creosote soon gave 
off vapours which formed an antiseptic atmosphere around 
the meat, and kept it quite fresh three or four days longer 
than it would otherwise have been. If the plate is gently 
heated before the creosote is put into it, the vapours rise 
more quickly, and if the additional precaution is also 
taken of suspending the meat in a wooden box or earthen 
jar which can be closed with a lid, the beneficial effect is 
still more discernible. I have tried this process during the 
greater part of last summer with invariable success, and, 
a butcher, who also tried it on a larger scale in his stall, 
was equally convinced of its efficacy. The meat, when 
cooked, has not the slightest smell or taste of creosote. 
There is also another advantage attending the use of 
creosote. Its smell is so disagreeable to flies that it 
effectually frees a larder from the presence of these noxious 
insects. The same quantity of creosote may be used for 
several weeks, but on being long exposed to the air it loses 
most of its smell, and is partly changed into a species of 
resin.—Dr. Stenhouse, in Proceedings of the Philoso- 
phical Society of Glasgow. 
GARDEN MEMORANDA. 
Messrs. Norman, Woolwich.—Those who have not visited this 
little spot during the Carnation and Picotee season (now nearly 
over in this neighbourhood) have lost a treat, never saw 
plants in better condition, or th looms finer, both as regards 
size and brilliancy of colour. Too much credit cannot be given 
to the Messrs. Norman for their perseverance and skill; their 
ordinary occupation abstracting much of their attention from 
i i being so limited in 
uncertainty than that of layering, affords ample repayment in 
the health and soundness of the plants produced. The proper 
plan is to pipe early, before the grass becomes hard and woody. 
This may easily be managed with the Pink or Picotee, which are 
not so sportive; but with the Carnation, on account of its dispo- 
sition to run, the process is attended wit 
it being necessary to mark the pipings from each plant, in order 
that when the plant from which they were taken comes into 
ploom, and is discovered to be run, they may be identified and 
thrown away. Unless this precaution is taken, it is better to 
postpone the work till blooming time, but then it is compara. 
tively late, and less likely to be successful, particularly with 
reference to the shorter period e growth of 
the plants after they are established. 
made for some time past of the deficiency in Purple and in 
Rose flakes ; this can no longer be done with justice, as we noticed 
several that would vie successfully, as regards properties, with 
the best flowers of any of the other classes: for instance, amongst 
the Purples, Mansley’s Beauty of Woodhouse, a full-sized flower, 
with fine white and good purple, the only defect being an inclin- 
ation in the petals to reflex, and also to lie too close together; 
ollard’s First-rate, a better shaped flower, though not so 
large, nor with white so pure, but highly deserving its name; 
Ely’s John Wright, a noble flower, as large, and deeper in colour 
than Beauty of Woodhouse, but not so constant; also Mansley’s 
Bonny Bess; Milwood’s Premier, though the white is not good; 
Nix’s Lady Chetwynde, large and bold, but the colour not gener- 
ally uniform; and Willmer’s Solander, distinct, and occasionally 
very good, but this season too deficient in colour. In Rose 
s Hoyle’s Beeswing. There is more room g 
flakes, the white’in most of them not being pure ; Chadwick’s 
Brilliant is probably as good as any in this respect—the flower, 
however, is rather too thin, in which point Jones’s Brilliant (a 
very desirable flower) has the advantage. One of the finest 
Scarlets in point of colour is [van’s Marchioness of Westminster, 
the colour not being so red, but light, and unusually bright; the 
white is, however, not good, and the edge of the petal rough, 
cy tocurl., Harris’s Beauty of Cradley isalso good 
in colour, but the white is impure, and the flower too thin. In 
Bly’s Mrs. Granger the white is also inclined to be pinky, but the 
edge of the petal is remarkably smooth, and the shape of the 
flower good ; in Weldon’s Earl of Lichfield the white is fine, and 
the petal good. Amongst Scarlet Bi es the following will be 
found to poss the finest colours :—Hedley’s William Cobbett, 
Ely’s Duke of Mexborough, Ely’s Lord Pollington, in which the 
colours are brilliant, although the flower is not so good this 
year as last; Ely’s Regular, (with regard to the darker colour, the 
scarlet being dull, and the white only tolerable); Rainforth’s 
Game Boy, Twitchett’s Don John, Martin's Splendid (in which the 
petal is excellent, but the colours not so bright as in Don John), 
and Hufton’s Patriarch, in which the colour is intense ; the flower 
js, however, much too thin, and the dark stripe not sufficiently deeps 
In the class of crimson Bizarres there are many i 
varieties, 
their beautiful colours; and Mansley’s Robert Burns. The 
fi i jing the advances 
ever, the Picotee possesses over its rival is in the greater sub- 
stance of its petal, Sharp’s Duke of Wellington at present stands 
unrivalled amongst the heavy red-edged flowers, notwithstand- 
ing the smoothness of the petal end peculiarity of colour. Wild- 
man’s Isabella, Sharp’s Criterion and Gem are also excellent. 
Brinkler’s Duchess of Sutiierland and Masterpiece (better than 
Giddens’s Teaser), Burroughe’s F Ejlen and Miss Osborne, 
Willmer’s Princess Royal, the best and §: othest of the Rose- 
edges, with Tolworthy’s Isabella, a first 
Heath’s Superb, Vespasian, 
that lovely-petalled tower, 
Albert, and Ely’s Grace Darling; Sharp’s lnvincibie, and Luff’s 
Seedling; Bond’s Countess of Wintertcn, a small but good 
flower, with Brinkler’s Parple Perfection ; and though last men~ 
t least esteemed, we noticed a small but very beautiful 
fuller of petals than any bloom 
=e 
o's Trip to Cambridge, and 
July 29. 
Yard House, near Taunton, the seat of the Rev. E.T. Halliday. 
—A specimen of the Cereus serpentinns he 
The flower was four inches in circumference, and possessed a 
strong rose-scented perfume. The plant 1 i 
height, and about four inches in cireun 
altogether four buds, one of which, as above mentioned, attained 
maturity, and the others promise an e rly developement. 
Mebiewos. 
Dr. Justus Liebig in his Relation to Vegetable Physi- 
B 
y Dr. Hugo Mohl. (Dr. Justus Liebig’s 
zur Pflanzen- Physiologie.) 
Tubingen. 
Frues. 1843. 
‘Tris is the pamphlet of Dr. Mohl to which we referred ina 
leading article of May the 20th, and which consists of a 
critique on the work of Dr. Liebig, so well known in this 
country under the title of * Chemistry, in its applications 
to Agriculture and Physiology.’’ Dr. Mohl says that 
work was anxiously looked for by botanists both on 
account of the reputation of Liebig as a chemist, and 
from a knowledge of the fact that they had much 
to look for from the aid of Chemistry in their investi- 
gation of the phenomena of the nutrition of plants. 
But Dr. Mohl observes that throughout the whole 
work there is a want of original experiment, which is the 
more wonderful, since it is written by the greatest experi- 
menter of his day, and the possessor of one of the largest 
laboratories in Europe. Nevertheless Liebig everywhere 
insists on the importance of experiments, and is con- 
tinually appealing to those of Theodore De Saussure. 
Under these circumstances the work can only be looked 
upon as an attempt to construct @ theory from data 
already known to the world. 
The next general remark by Dr. Mohl refers to the 
style in which the book is written. If not always correct, 
it is energetic and clear; the thoughts are propounded in 
short determinate propositions, and there is not the 
slightest indication of doubt or uncertainty about any- 
thing; the author seems to know everything for certain, 
and says it boldly out. This sort of style is apt to mis- 
lead the uninitiated, and frequently jeads the author him- 
self into positive contradictions ; in fact, a thing is stated 
to be black or white according as it suits the author’s 
purpose. For instance, in one place (p. 22)* he says 
that leaves do not decompose carbonic acid in the shade, 
(in which he is wrong,) and in another plece (p. 121) he 
says the leaves do decompose carbonic acid in the shade, 
(in which he is right). Such contradictions are frequent, 
and prove that the author is neither well-grounded in the 
subjects on which he has undertaken to write, nor has 
fully considered them. The manver in which Liebig 
attributes erroneous views, entertained perhaps by indi- 
vidual botanists, to  vegetavie physiologists” and 
“hotanists” in general, is objectionable and liable to mis- 
* These numbers refer probably to one of the German editions 
