544 
Axe 
E GARDENERS 
CHRONICLE. 
[Ave. 5; 
lead. 
consider humus as the principal food of plants. Now this 
is not true: vegetable physiologists have no sacred books 
in which their code of laws is contained, and if any indi- 
viduals have maintained such a view, the great body has 
not. In fact, Ingenhousz, Senebier, Curt Sprengel, 
Link, and De Candolle, have all either denied it or taken 
other views. The doctrine of humus is altogether a che- 
mical one, and has only been supported by chemists. 
Again, Liebig says (p. 24) that ‘all botanists and vegetable 
physiologists have doubted the assimilation of the carbon 
Thus he says (p. 6) that ‘“ vegetable physiologists” 
for the excessive vegetation of the primitive world upon 
th ition, that the at I at the period those 
other instances displayed an equal amount of ignorance of 
botanical literature and facts. As, for example, when he 
says (p. 91) that the woody fibre of lichens may be replaced 
by oxalate of lime, and that in Equisetum and the Bamboo | yet to mak 
bundles, and (p. 36) that a leaf secreting oil of lemons or | otherwise, as they are now cleared of their crop, they will find them 
oil of turpentine has a different structure from one secreting Phaeton, and may r 
flower-buds will not open when brought into an atmosphere 
without oxygen? But the way to settle the question of 
respiration would appear to be to determine whether the 
asserted relation between the quantity of oxygen absorbed 
and the quantity of carbonic acid given out was wrong. 
n De Saussure’s experiments, there was found to be an 
exact relation in all cases. This would not be the case, 
were Liebig’s theory of the origin of the carbonic acid 
correct. 
CALENDAR OF OPERATIONS for the ensuing week, ih 
Tur Hawthorndean and other Codling Apples grow free enough 
from cuttings planted under a north wall in November, and no doubt 
many Pears will do the same. sometimes heard people 
express a wish that they could rear sufficient of these cuttings to 
plant in a kitchen-garden, to see if they would be more dwarf, and 
to ascertain if the flavour of the fruit would be different from that of 
grafted trees. There is nothing in particular to recommend in this ex- 
periment ; but there are points connected with it that may be of more 
general application which are not usually acted on, if indeed, they 
are rightly understood. Anyone who intends to put in cuttings in 
November of frnit-trees, or indeed of any hardy tree that is difficult 
to strike, ought to begin to prepare the cuttings before the middle of 
this month, by shortening. the shoots to 
their length. ‘The passage of the ascending sap being thus cut off, 
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then put into bottom-heat, to facilitate the emission of roots. It 
the bottom of the shoots, or, what'is better, but much more trouble- | a; 
sh 
but they sport as much as Calceolarias. 
make a new bed of Strawberries, if not already done. 
attacked any of the fruit-trees or bushes it will not hurt them now to 
pinch off the tops of the shoots. See 
are well nailed before the autumn winds set in. Let no 
vegetables remain on the fruit-tree borders, and have them well 
stirred up with forks. 
give them this cold season, 
: from this h 
about it, are first put in, they are kept in a close, cool place till they | the better i 
more for their use and treatment, which should now be a regular 
forcing, in order to get the fruit ripe in time. 
E 
pits and frames. 
till 
tribes for the flower-garden, that you will require a great many more 
plants next May than you had at last planting ti 
and unless i 
nis i8 a good time to make a grea e p it. ‘ ‘ i i er 
Away the winter stock; and this is the first and most essential step | PeneNNiaus,—Anglo-Indian,—The following kinds will answ 
duced long before roots, and those leaves might draw off all the 
juices before the roots were in existence to supply more, as was the 
case with some cuttings lately sent to India, which arrived safe, but 
in that warm climate the tops began to grow too sooa, and before 
roots could be formed the cuttings were exhausted of their scanty 
stock of nourishment, and soon died. 
J.—KITCHEN-GARDEN AND ORCHARD: 
selyes in the condition of Phoebus’ horses under the guidance of 
ambling pace, seeing that the 
Keep them cool and clean by all 
1 1 not be half. 
ripened at the proper time. Thin out the Capsicums, also, for the 
ime in gathering the leaves of your Tobacco 
as soon as they are full-sized, and pull off the flower-stalks on their 
first appearance, except from those which you want for see 
towards haying a fine display in the flower-garden ; as, if you have 
winter room, and plenty too, how are you to expect to shine like 
your neighbours who have no lack of these things ?—D. Beaton, 
Shrubland Park Gardens, Ipswich. 
po EE il ee ey 
State of the Weather near London for the week ending Aug. 3, 1043, as 
observed at the Horticultural Garden, Chiswick 
Banoweren. a ¥ 
THER ote Wind. | Rain, 
Jaly. Max. | Min, | Max. f 
‘iday 28 | 30.002 | 9¢ 73 
Saturday 29 | 29.759 7 
Sunday 30 | 29.676 | 99.635 | 71 
Monday 31} 29.999 | 99.799 69 58.0 
0 
59.0 
7.0 
___ Average 
am. ; 
hail; 2 p.m. t 
Mean temperature of th 
boisterous, with thunder, heayy showers, partly 
hunder; very heavy rain, continuing to fall at night, 
wee ages 
State of the Weather i Chiswick a 
v 
m 17 years, for the ensuin, 
eek ending A ‘i pre 
‘ing Winds. 
7 ver. | ntean| Vents im | Greatest | opp em 
Aug. est} Towest lPeanp| whieh it | (uantity | Jal iE le |= 
Temp. ined, | Of Rain. Aly “Val fe 
Sun. 6 8 4} 4} 1 
Mon. 7 5 8 1)— 
Tues, 8 4 4 3|— 
ed. 9 5 4 4j/— 
Thurs.10 ba 4) aj— 
Fi iL 7 6 1 
Si 12 5 6 4} 2 
“Phe highest temperature during the above period occurred on the loth, 
—thermometer 93°; and the lowest on the 6th, 1833—thermometer 86 
REPORT ON COVENT-GARDEN MARKET, 
For the Week ending August 4, 1843. 
NorwiTHSTANDInG the late heavy rains the supplies are amply 
sufficient to meet the demand. Pi 
general, and with them are bunches of the Muscat and Sweet- 
water. Peaches and Nectarines do not appear to be so abundant. 
Apricots, Greengage and Orlean Plums are becoming more plen- 
tiful. ew Figs have been offered during the week, from 3s.to 
6s. per dozen. Strawberries and Cherries are on the decline; of 
the latter there are a few samples of the Bigarreau, from 5s. to 10s., 
and of the Turkey Heart, from 3s. to 5s. per doz. Ibs. Currants 
and Gooseberries abound ; the former from 2s. 6d. to 4s., the latter 
from 1s. 6d. to 2s. 6d. per half-sieve. Raspberries are plentiful, but, 
Out-door Department. 
operations, and descanting freely on the merits of seeds a1 
men. 8 
be dis Among the new Peas, Prince 
Albert and the British Queen have found a place ; the former is an 
t them. Packet 
NS.—Lose no time in laying down the tops of these; they 
look as if they would grow ontill Christmas. Sow a good bed or two 
y 
to transplant next spring, and to he pulled before the spring-sown 
ones are fit Sow these next to the Spinach, as the two 
crops come off about the same time next May, when you will have a 
good breadth of ground at command. It is always a good plan to 
sow or plant such crops by the side of each other as may be expected 
to be ready at the same time, even if this should interfere with the 
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and hornets are nearly as scarce, and 
mn. all 
) Keep a good eye upon the 
pine Strawberries, and mark the largest and best bearers. It has 
en the fashion for some years to raise these annually from seeds, | A 
If the fly has | jp. 
that al 
crops of 
{I.—FLOWER-GARDEN AND SHRUBBERY. 
In-door Department. 
‘ove.—If you see any of the woody plants still disposed to grow 
Tt 
f freely you ought to check them, but not suddenly, by removing them | BOTToM-nEA7.—Proteus.—Three inches are 
one-half or one-third of | to a cooler hou: ivi 
ecinea or grandiflora, _'They 
xt spring, and produce a 
ITS AND FrRaAMEs.—We are now on the eve of a busy time for 
‘tte is to be sown immediately for winter 
are to be struck 
I nuuals that are usually sown in the autumn must be got in early, ‘ne Hovny.—Iea.— 
: m the main branch, and | for we f 
keeping the parts separated with a small wedge, till the end of the 
a it_will be i 
Every cutting you can spare of the bedding Pelargoniums 
hould be in the cutting-pot or bed as soon as it is ready to take off, 
you havea full supply; and recollect in this, as in all the other 1 
g time, 
RDEN.—Eyery 
“an and sweet as possible, but a cheerless time will soon be here, 
Pi » per Ib., 38 
Grapes, hothouse, per Ib., 2s to Gr 
Peaches, per 
Nec 
Figs, per doz., 6 
Melons, 28 to 6 
in my younger days, but this is too late formany places. See | Gabbages, perdoz., 9d to 1s 3d 
I 
fv. ts aod tinte Vegetable Marrows, per d 
e 
( Horse Radish, per bun 
Vines and other trees | Radish, spring, p. doz. hai 
tb 
Carrots, Horn, p. doz. bunc 
> 7 ry ey 
The trees require all the assistance you can | Shallots, per Ib. 
— gr 
Spinach, per sieve, 1s 3d to 25 
M‘Puait’s Prrs.—C. D. B.—I 
3 all that 
grow fast, the less you do of that the better; al ere 
sary is to encourage the leader, if necessary, by stopping any 
Hollies are stunted and bushy-headed, they are head 
ge-flowers, Glad g 
Roses, Pinks, Picotees,and Pansies, in great variety. 
P FR 
ES, Sarurvay, August 5, 1943, 
to 6s 
Apple: Raspberries, per gallon, 5d to 1s 
33 Cheveies, shy p1albs., 1s 6d to 3s 6d 
Cherries, Wall, per Ib., 1s to4s 
pples, new, per hf-sv., 1s 6d to 2s 6d 
Oranges, per dozen, 1s 6d to 43. 
dozen, 12s to 21s 
ines, per dozen, 12s to 2ls 
ots, per doz, 1s to 4s 
per 100, 10s to 80s 
és each Lemons, per doz. 1s to 2s 
Plums, per punnet, 28 per 100,75 to 16s 
— Gage, per punnet, 9° Cucumbers, per brace, 6d to 2 
erries, per pottl * 
Nuts, per bi 
-~ razil, 168 
Barcelona, 248 
— Red, for wine, per sieve, 4s to 5s | Barcel 
ob, 128 
VEGETABL 
Leeks, per doz. bun., S¢ to 4s 
iflowers, per dozen, 1s to 5s Onions, Spring p. doz. beh., le 6d to 38 
» Kidney, per hf-sieve, 2s to 3s6d|_ — ‘Large, per doz. bel, 2s to 6s 
Scarlet, Vy 18 Gd to 28 Gd\Garlic, per lb. 61 to Rd 
eve, 1s to Is 64 |Chilis, per 100, 1s to 2s 
108 to 208 Peas, per bushel, Is to 39 
t., 28 to oe — per sack, 28 to 5: 
~ per bushel, 1s to 38 Lettuce, Cabb. 
— _ Kidney, p. bush., 2 —_ Oo) 
rtichokes, green, per do: 
per s 
p.bd., (12 to 15) 9d to 1s 6d 
Salads, per punnet, 2d to 
per doz, b 
S t Ba 
Watercress, per do: 
Parsley, per half 
‘Tarragon, per d 
e, 1s 
oz. bunches, 2 to 8s 
Fennel, per doz. bun., 2s to 3s 
es, 38 to.6s |Mint, per doz, bunches, 1s 6d to 3s 
hes, 4s to 7|Marjoram, green, per bunch, 2d to 4d 
2 
— Turnip, p. do: 
ch 
— Long, per doz. buncl 
Mushrooms, per pottle, 1s to 26 
jay i ’ 
een, per bunch, 4d Wallnuts, Green, per bushel, 7¢ to 9s 
We should say that six inches are the smallest space 
which it is safe to employ, especially where the water is shal- 
Jow. Inthe Horticultural Garden the earth is thrown at once 
upon the hot-water gutters in order chambering, and 
it seems to answerperfectly well. In this system, it will be a 
great point to maintain a steady heat rather than a strong ones 
B.=If ci render i b 
to use hot litter as a fermenting material, then M‘Phail’s pits 
lying fire- 
As to pruning it, with a view 
In the nurseries, when 
ed down, 
i an, straight shoot; but they 
re 
flower-garden in the country is now as should not be allowed to become stunted, and then the 
Grapes are well coloured in _ 
