342 
THE 
[May 20, 
Troma@a cymosa. The White-cluster Tpom (‘Stove Peren~ 
Convolvuldceze. Pentdndria Monogynia. — If all the 
i M. Choicy are really synonyms, it must be con- 
fessed that the botanists who have invented thi 
iry ; and that like other 
ng out angles from 
jal, of great beauty, 
The specimens from 
MISCELLANEOUS. 
British Association.—Notice has been given that the 
thirteenth meeting of this institution will commence in 
Cork on Thursday, the 17th of August next, when the 
committees of sections will meet daily from Thursday 
the 17th to Wednesday the 23d, inclusive, at 10 a.m. 3 
the sections will also meet daily from Thursday the 17th 
to Tuesday the 22d, inclusive, at 11 a.m. ; and the 
general evening meetings will be held on Thursday the 
17th, and Wednesday the 23d, at 8 p.w. 
Agricultural Labourers.—About a dozen years ago, 
when I had somewhat more leisure than at present, I 
turned my attention much to this subject, and was the 
means of procuring the allotment, directly and indirectly, 
of some thousands of gardens to cottagers. 1 wrote a few 
observations, especially for those on my brother’s estates, 
in which I mixed up a few hints useful to that class of 
persons, with directions for the cultivation of their gardens, 
On two or three occasions I have been applied to for per- 
mission to print this for sale at cost-price for distribution, 
to which I readily acceded. With the omission of the 
first paragraph, I believe it is applicable for distribution 
anywhere. I have only two or three copies left, and send 
one, which may be made any use of you may see fit. 
have found, practically, that few will adopt the minutic 
in the disposition of the allotment I have recommended ; 
in other respects, the pamphlet has had avery decided 
effect in connexion with the gardens. At the time it was 
written I had very great difficulty in persuading any one 
to undertake the office of parish constable in the parishes 
I badunder my immediate charge, the duty was so onerous 
in eyasequence of the loose and predatory habits of the 
popaation. At the Court immediately succeeding the 
first year’s trial of this system, and the delivery of the 
little book to every cottager in two adjoining parishes, the 
constable of the preceding year offered no objection to re- 
election, upon which I expressed some surprise. He 
stated at the Court that he could have no objection, for 
he really had had nothing to do in his office during the 
past year, and I never afterwards experienced any diffi- 
culty. I lent money to buy pigs to those who required a 
loan: it was punctually repaid, and with one exception 
the rents have been regularly paid. The rents paid have 
been a trifle more than the farmer previously paid, to 
cover the rates, which are paid by the landlord. I had in 
the outset great difficulties with the farmers, who were 
almost universally opposed to the system ; but I had the 
satisfaction of attending a meeting of a farmer’s club very 
recently in this county, at which the subject for discussion 
was, the comparative advantage or disadvantage of the 
allotment garden system. There were some individuals 
who spoke against it, but a strong resolution in favour of 
it was carried by a very large majority of the meeting, 
consisting almost exclusively of rack-renters.—Charles 
Lawrence. 
“T0 THE LABOURERS IN THE PARISHES OF SYDE AND 
BRIMPSFIELD. 
“On my brother’s taking possession of the estates 
lately purchased by him, forming the principal part of the 
parishes in which you reside, the entire management of 
them necessarily devolved on myself, as he lives too far 
= 
off to admit of his personal superintendence. With the 
knowledge I had of the interest he feels in the welfare of 
the labouring classes, I felt bound, as his representative, 
to make early inquiry into your condition; and had it 
under consideration, as you know, before the beginning of 
those disgraceful riots which have taken place about the 
country. These, for a time, put a stop to my proceed- 
ings. Your orderly and peaceable conduct, while these 
disturbances existed in this coynty, have increased your 
claims on our consideration. The other proprietors of 
land in the parish of Brimpsfield entertain the same feel. 
ing, and 1 hope you are sensible of their kind disposition 
towards you. I feel indebted to them for their liberal 
aid, and the readiness they have shown on every occasi 
to lend a helping hand towards carrying into effect any 
plans proposed for improving your condition. We have 
now set out allotments of land, to supply all of you with 
gardens. I have been guided as to quantity chiefly by the 
number of persons in each family ; my intention has been 
to allot to each of you just as much land as I thought 
each family might be able to cultivate properly, without 
interfering with their regular labour for wages. You must 
always bear in mind that your best dependence is on the 
Wages of labour, and that no member of your family who 
is able to work and can get work should lose wages even 
for a day. You must remember also that you have only 
those parts of the day to deal with that are not engaged in 
your master’s service, and if the land allotted you requires 
= 
GARDENERS 
more time than this for its cultivation, you had better 
leave a portion of it uncultivated than lose wages. There 
are seasons at which two or three hours now and then 
may be of material consequence to you in the garden when 
they may not be so essential to your masters: there will 
be times at which two or three hours’ extra service are 
very important to them, and not so material to you. 
There will be no difficulty in managing this between a 
wages, and with much advantage to both parties, 
wants are few, but they are certain ; they return every 
day, and the day’s wages must be depended upon to 
supply them. Your crops may fail with all your pains, 
but your wages are sure; therefore they must be always 
your first object. If you stay away two or three days 
from your work for the sake of your garden, when Satur# 
day night comes you must run in debt at the shop; and I 
shall by-and-by tell you what comes of this. Every man 
who has a garden must keep a pig, and consequently 
must have asty. I shall have a good deal to say about 
the pig in another place. Asa very large proportion of 
the cottages in Brimpsfield do not belong to my brother, 
T cannot help the tenants of those to styes. Such of you 
must get these ready as soon as possible. You must ask 
the owners of your cottages to find you materials—planks, 
slates, and walling-stone ; get your masters to haul them 
or you, and do the rest yourselves. You must also try 
to get a shed put up against or near to your cottages, to 
keep your tools, your hog’s-tub, and such of the produce 
of your gardens as you may want to stow away. You are 
fortunate in having good neighbours, who I am sure will 
feel disposed to afford you every reasonable assistance in 
providing yourselves with these conveniences, and who 
will not be backward in giving this or any other encourage- 
ment to the industrious and deserving. Now that you are 
I possession of your gardens, I think I cannot do you a 
greater service than by offering you some advice upon the 
cultivation and general management of them. I shall pro- 
bably add a few hints on keeping pigs, and on some other 
matters. The cultivation of the garden is a subject upon 
which I am very anxious to fix your attention ; it is of 
much greater consequence than you suppose ;—indeed, 
whether the same piece of land be managed well or ill, 
will make the difference of one-half, or even more, in the 
quantity of nourishment that it will produce for your 
families, 
““ Manure—The first thing you must do is to make a 
heap of manure; for unless this be regularly and con- 
Stantly fapplied, all your industry and labour will be in 
vain, Every crop takes some virtue out of the land, and 
if this be not returned again, the soil will, sooner or later, 
be completely exhausted. 
© © Always taking out of the meal-tub, and putting nothing in, 
soon comes to the bottom.’ 
For this purpose, your pig is the main friend you have to 
look to, Your heap must be formed as near as possible 
to the sty, and a little under the level of it, so that it may 
receive all the runnings. Dig a hole in the shape of a 
basin, about 3 feet deep in the middle, and about 8 feet 
over at the top; then puddle this very carefully, full 9 
inches thick, and up to the level of the ground, with good 
clay, perfectly clean, and free from sand, grit, or mould, 
so that it shall be water-tight. If you can put some 
plank-stones at the bottom, and round the sides, so much 
the better, as you will not be so likely to disturb the clay, 
when moving the dung. This is to be kept in this hole 
until the heap gets 2 or 3 feet above ground. By these 
means you keep all the most valuable part of the manure 
in the heap, instead of leaving it to soak away to waste. 
Everything that the pig will not eat, all the dirt, and 
refuse of the house and privy, and even the old clothes, 
when quite worn out, must be carried to the dung-heap- 
No opportunity should be lost of collecting a barrow-full 
of dirt from the roads or other places, always taking care 
to doino harm to any one else, and not to obtain, it 
improperly. Remember that ‘ every little makes a 
mickle.’ When your dung wants moving from the hole, 
wheel it to the small portion of waste land left against 
each of your gardens for this and other such purposes. 
Lay it in a heap not more than 3 feet deep ; shake it well 
to pieces as you lay it, and cover over the top with mould 
3 or 4 inches deep; it will require once more turning 
before it is fit for use. When this is done take off the 
mould, and put it on again after the heap is turned. If I 
were to explain the use of this covering to you, you would 
not understand it ; therefore, I need only tell you, that it 
very much increases the power of the manure, which is a 
great point to those who can make but little at best. 
“ Laying out the Garden.—Next to manure, the point 
I wish to urge particularly on your attention is the rota- 
tion of crops; by which is meant that you should lay out 
your gardens, and so forecast your crops, that they should 
stand on different parts of the ground, every succeeding 
year. This change does great good to the land in itself ; 
and if it be very regularly followed up, year after year, 
another great advantage is, that, instead of putting a little 
Manure all over your garden every year, you can bring 
the whole to bear on those crops which most need it, and 
every part will get regularly manured in its turn. AS 
the method of laying out and cropping your garden is of 
the greatest consequence, I am very anxious that you 
should clearly understand my directions, J have, there- 
fore, taken great pains to make the plan simple, and easily 
understood ; and to render it more plain to you, I have 
laid down a quarter of an acre (which is the size of most 
of your gardens) to a scale. See accompanying Plan, 
where you will find the size of every bed shown in feet, 
and the number of perches each bed contains. When 
you have measured out eleven beds, of the sizes marked 
CHRONICLE. 
on the plan, and left an alley, about a foot wide, between 
each, you will find that you have just disposed of your 
quarter of an acre of land, neither more nor less. I have 
Plan of a Garden, containing one quarter of an acre, or 40 poles or 
perches, for Three Years, 
SECOND YEAR, 
FIRST YEAR. THIRD YEAR. 
stoned, between the beds. ‘The length of the garden within the 
walk is 69 yards within a few inches, and the width 17 yards.— 
The following ‘Table shows the exact measurement in feet, and 
the superficial contents in perches of every bed. 
i]s ehienne caer Surface | | (eae Rik) Surface 
No. of |Width} Length in No. of/ Width} Length in 
Bed. jin feet; in feet. |Perches.|| Bed. jin feet|'in feet. | Perches. 
1 6 | as 6 3 
2 7 | 25 21 2 
@ | #38 43 4 
4 9 25 21 2 
5 10 51 46 9 
SOE ES tie oh [aot | 
the same size as those on the plan; that is to say they 
must contain just the same number of feet of suface} 
that which is taken from the length of any bed mst be 
added to the breadth. Those, whose gardens catain 
more or less than a quarter of an acre, must diminih oF 
increase every bed in the same proportion as their yhole 
garden exceeds or falls short of a quarter of an acry If 
a garden contain 30 perches, instead of 40, every bednust 
be one-fourth smaller than those on the plan. If anther 
contain 50 perches, every bed must be one-fourth irger 
than those on the plan, and so in proportion. Takicare 
that you understand this perfectly before you lay outyour 
gardens, otherwise you will get into confusion. I thught 
that if I gave you only one plan, and{described thenode 
of cropping for 3 years, by reference to that, you aight 
get confused, and make some mistake; therefore, Ihave 
drawn a separate plan for each of the first 3 years At 
p- 10, I have given the cultivation and the crop for:very 
bed. The numbers of the beds follow the crops 3 sere= 
fore, every number will be cultivated just the same and 
will have the same crop every year, but it will bein 4 
different part of the garden. If you observe the sitution 
of any crop in the plan for the first year, then mak its 
place in the plan for the second year ; and then, i the 
third year, you will very readily understand the methd I 
recommend you to follow. If you look to the alleyghat 
80.[quite across the garden on the plan, you will seehat 
the garden is divided into five principal compartmats- 
The first year, the top compartment of the garden bn- 
tains beds Nos. 1; 2, and 3 ; the second year, they at to 
be moved to the bottom of the garden, and the obet 
crops all move one stage forward to make room for thm: 
The second year, the top compartment will therefore on- 
tain Nos, 4, 5, and 6. These will be moved off tothe 
bottom for the third year, and all the rest will be mged 
one stage forwards as before. The third year, the op 
compartment will contain Nos. 7, 8, and 9, These ji 
be moved off to the bottom for the fourth year. ‘be 
fourth year, the top compartment will be No. 10, ve 
will be moved to the bottom for the fifth year. The j He 
year, the top compartment will contain No. 11, a 
will be moved off to the bottom for the sixth years 6 
in the sixth year, every crop will occupy exactly the sae 
place that it did inthe first. If these compartments bi 
of equal size, the same crops would not stand on ae 
of the same ground for 5 years, that is, till the year 6. 
But this is not exactly the case as the lan is aa 
because rather more than one-fifth is required for the i 
Potatoes, and also for the Barley crop ; therefore, a ‘den 
‘part of the ground on which these two crops stand ms 
