346 
THE GARDENERS 
CHRONICLE. 
[May 20, 
necessary are the principal topics of the papers. Some 
discussion had arisen on a reciprocal commercial treaty 
between the two countries, founded on a mutual diminu- 
tion of duties, but the arrangement was considered to be 
scarcely practicable. The Canada papers mention the 
installation of Sir C. Metcalfe, at Kingston, with the 
usual ceremonies. The addresses of the L gislature and 
the new Administration, as follows :—M. Lopez, Pre-~ 
sident of the Council and Minister of Justice 3; M. Aguilar, 
Minister for Foreign Affairs ; General Serrano, Minister 
of War; M. Frias, Minister of Marine; M. Ayllon, 
Minister of Finance; M. Caballero, Minister of the 
Interior. Subsequent intelligence by telegraph to the 
12th inst. informs us that Sefior Lopez read on the 11th 
the replies are published ; but His Excellency had given 
no indication of the line of policy he intended to pursue. 
ae aS eS 
Covrr.—The ceremony of Churching the Queen took 
place yesterday inthe Palace Chapel; the Archbishop of 
Canterbury officiated. Arrangements have been made for 
her Majesty and Prince Albert, accompanied by the Prince 
of Wales and the Princess Royal, to leave Buckingham 
Palace this afternoon for Claremont. It is expected that 
the Court will be absent from town about ten days or a 
fortnight, when her Majesty will return to Buckingham 
Palace, and remain in the metropolis till within a few 
days of Ascot Races.—H. R. H. Prince Albert held a levee 
by desire of her Majesty on Wednesday, at! St. James’s 
Palace. The Prince afterwards gave a dinner to the 
directors of the Ancient Concerts, of which his Royal 
ighness was the director for the evening. 
Ministerial Changes.—The vacancy occasioned by Lord 
Fitzgerald’s death has been filled up by Lord Ripon’s 
moving to the Board of Control, and Mr. Gladstone has 
become President, instead of Vice-President, of the Board 
of Trade, with a seat in the Cabinet.: 
SForetqn. 
- Francz.—The Paris journals are chiefly occupied with 
the important sugar question still under discussion in the 
Chamber of Deputies, with the new contest that has 
arisen between the Clergy and the Oniverity, and 
with the cruelties perpetrated in extending the French 
rule in Africa. The Journal des Débats devotes its 
columns to the religious question. The professors of the 
University are up in arms against the clergy, especially 
against the Bishop of Chartres, who has accused them of 
teaching every crime not even excepting murder. M. 
Michelet has thundered from his professor’s chair in the 
Sorbonne against the declamation of the episcopal pulpit 
of Chartres. And, in return for the bishop’s denunciation 
of the pantheism of the University, certain universitarians 
have published extracts from some volumes drawn up for 
the instruction of young priests in the duties of the 
confessional. The Débats gives extract from these books, 
calculated to cause a strong reaction against the clergy in 
France. The Débats says, that since 1830 the clergy 
have recovered from the unpopularity which their sup- 
posed connection with an oppressive Government up to 
that year entailed upon them, but the boldness with which 
they have now attacked the University and the adminis- 
tration of Public Instruction have awakened their old 
enemies, and it is feared that the French are recommenc- 
ing the old circuit of the last century.—Judging from the 
accounts which the papers contain of the state of affairs 
in the north of Africa, the spring campaign, which has 
been long preparing on a formidable scale, has opened 
under no very favourable auspices.  Abd-el-Kader, 
though pursued by several corps, has approached 
within a few miles of Oran, and, when the last 
advices left, the French were avenging themselves 
on some powerful tribes, whose allegiance the presence 
of the Emir had shaken. In the country bordering the 
road between Constantina and Philippeville, hostilities 
have been renewed with great fury, owing to the savage 
aggressions of the French, who had not only fired the 
Arab villages, but had armed the troops with axes, for 
the purpose of cutting down the fruit-trees, the orange 
and citron-trees, and the olive plantations, which consti- 
tute the principal wealth of the Sahel Kabyles.—A 
remarkable debate has taken place in the French Chamber 
of Peers, on the petition of certain Protestant parishes, 
on behalf of religious liberty. The Duc de Broglie stated 
the question in the most liberal and enlightened points 
of view, but the Chamber passed to the order of the day. 
—Baron Mounier expired at Passy on Thursday week, 
He was a Member of the Chamber 
Secretary of Napoleon’s private Cabinet, 
and honoured afterwards with the confidence of the 
Bourbons, who had made him Councillor of State 
and Superintendent of the Crown buildings. Baron 
Mounier had refused office since the revolution of 1830, 
and confined himself to his duties in the Chamber of 
‘eers.—From the remarks that have been made under 
this head on the subject of the salvage of the Telemaque, 
our readers will not be surprised to learn that the whole 
concern has broken down. The French Courts of Law 
have declared the Company bankrupts ; Capt. Taylor is 
in prison for debt at Pont-Audemar, and the provisional 
committee have issued an afhnouncement that the Com- 
pany is dissolved, and that the shares are rendered value- 
Jess by the declaration of bankruptcy, no means existing 
by the constitution of the Company of making any call 
upon the shareholders, or of raising the sum required to 
pay off debts, and supersede the bankruptcy. It is some- 
what extraordinary, that notwithstanding this failure, 
there is still an attempt made to revive the project, and 
propositions for that end are in circulation. 
Sparn.—The Gazette of the 10th inst. contains the 
decrees of the Regent, accepting the resignations of the 
former Ministers, with whose “ devotion, patriotism, 
probity, and the distinguished manner in which they ful- 
filled their duties,” the Regent declares himself highly 
satisfied. Those decrees are followed by others appointing 
his prog tothe Chamber. ‘The following is a sum- 
mary of its professions and intentions :—‘* Respect for 
the constitution, and a rigorous observance of the rights 
of the Cortes. Development of the national prosperity, 
and, as a consequence of such basis, the presentation, 
shortly, of a law on Ministerial responsibility, and of 
another one, whereby an amnesty is to be extended to all 
political offences posterior to the conclusion of the civil 
war. No influence to be exercised over the elections. No 
more state of siege to be proclaimed. 
tion of the national militia to be effected. Order and 
reforms to be introduced into the finances. The sale of 
national property to be hastened. A good understanding 
to be kept up and increased with foreign countries, whilst 
upholding the dignity of Spain.’’ 
PortuGaL.—We have advices from Lisbon to the 8th 
inst. The week’s delay in the mail was occasioned by 
the loss of the Iberia’s rudder outside of the bar of Lisbon, 
having been struck by a heavy sea, and the imperfect 
appliances of Lisbon consumed full ten days in supplying 
the deficiency. The utmost dismay pervaded the com. 
mercial and trading interests at Lisbon and Oporto, in 
consequence of the interruption of the tariff negotiations, 
Robberies were becoming of daily occurrence on the banks 
of the Douro. Six robberies, two of them sacrilegious, 
occurred on one day, and eight burglaries on another. 
The alarm was intense and universal. It was still thought 
that the Portuguese Government must soon give way, and 
in the highest quarters the belief prevailed that the nego- 
tiation would still be successful. It was held to be 
advisable in the British Government to fix the precise 
amount to which they desired the duties upon woollens to 
be reduced. A bill for reducing the duties on all foreign 
goods entering the island of Madeira had been laid on the 
table of the Deputies. This would operate chiefly in 
favour of British produce, and perhaps allow us to 
avail ourselves of the circumstance for a renewal of the 
negotiations. The Deputies were occupied with a mea- 
sure of the Home Minister’s for introducing a general 
system of education throughout the kingdom. 
Gurmany.—Letters from Hanover state that if the 
King’s health permit, His Majesty will set out for 
England on the 25th of this month. From Berlin we 
learn that the King of Prussia has presented a heavy gold 
medal, bearing on one-side the King’s medallion, and on 
the reverse an allegorical figure of music, with other 
embellishments, to Meyerbeer, for his composition of the 
chorus in praise of the house of Este, which was per- 
formed on the occasion of the masque, representing the 
Court of Ferrara in the sixteenth century, of which we 
gave a description some time ago.—A society has been 
formed at Berlin, chiefly consisting of ladies, to improve 
the condition of females in India !—A court for the deci- 
sion of quarrels between literary men, publishers, &c. has 
been established at Stuttgard, and has succeeded so well, 
that the example is about to be followed in Leipsic.—From 
the Rhine we learn that on the road between Aix-la- 
Chapelle and Cologne, near the village of Weiden, a 
beautiful;Roman tomb,)probably that of a centurion of the 
highest rank, was dug up last week by some labourers 
making excavations for a new road. The sarcophagus 
contained some well-preserved gold coins of the reign of 
Vespasian, 70 years after Christ, and the whole is sur- 
rounded by four marble statues, which from their great 
beauty, must be considered to be of Grecian workmanship, 
As soon as the whole is cleared it will probably be sent to 
the Royal Museum at Berlin.—The letters of thanks which 
the city of Hamburgh is about to present to the Sove- 
reigns, who hastened to assist the inhabitants after the 
conflagration of last year, are to be written, or painted, 
upon tablets of Oak saved from the ancient city hall, 
and framed in bronze of the bells of the different churches 
that were destroyed, Each individual who contributed to 
the relief of the unfortunate sufferers is to be presented 
with a medal of the same material, and those foreigners 
who on the spot assisted in checking the progress of the 
calamity, are to be honoured with the freedom of the city. 
First-rate artists in England, France, and Germany, are 
to be entrusted with the execution of this plan.—Schelling, 
the celebrated German philosopher, arrived last week on 
a visit at Munich, his former residence, and was received 
at the gates of the city by a deputation of upwards of 300 
noblemen, citizens, and students, who conducted him to 
the apartments prepared for him at the Royal Palace. 
TALY.—Letters from Rome mention that the Pope 
took his departure on the 1st inst., in order to inspect the 
maritime districts of his dominions. He is panied 
by alarge number of high functionaries and engineers, 
His Holiness would first proceed to Anagni, Alatri, and 
Frosinone, and then continue his journey to Terracina, 
On his return he intended to examine the Pontine marshes, 
the partial draining of which the Government again intend 
to attempt, His absence would not exceed a fortnight. 
Russta.—The departure of Prince Paskiewitsch from 
Warsaw for St. Petersburgh, and the expected arrival of 
the Emperor in the Polish capital, are regarded as remark- 
able coincid iy fe of the Emperor with 
the King of Prussia is expected to take place in Berlin, or 
more probably at Erdmansdorf, in the beginning of June. 
Whether his Majesty will go from Warsaw to inspect the 
Army of the South is still uncertain, and will depend on 
what may then be the situation of the principalities of the 
Danube, whither several regiments of cavalry will shortly 
A better organisa- 
be despatched. The progress of the railway is now totally 
pended ; it i dently expected that the Em- 
peror, during his visit to Warsaw, will make arrangements 
for the continuance of the work, at the cost of the state. 
Grerce.—Letters from Athens announce that King 
Otho has signed a convention with the Austrian Govern- 
ment, whereby the Austrian Lloyd’s Company’s steamers, 
which have for some years carried the mails and passengers 
between Trieste and Greece, twice a month, and vice versa, 
shall for the future be permitted to proceed from Patras, 
up the Gulf of Corinth to Leutraki, a port at the head of 
the gulf, from whence the mails and passengers will be 
conveyed across the Isthmus of Corinth (about seven 
miles), and re-embarked on board other steamers for 
Athens and the Levant ports. This new arrangement will 
not only save time, but does away with the necessity which 
has heretofore existed of this line of packets making the 
circuitous and often boisterous passage from Patras, round 
the whole of the Morea to Athens. 
Turxry.—The accounts by the Levant mail inform 
us that a new complication is likely to arise from the 
Servian question. It appears that the reigning Prince, 
upon being apprised by the Ottoman Government of its 
intention to submit to the demands of Russia, replied that 
he was resolved neither to resign nor submit to ejection ; 
that his election had been strictly legal, in accordance 
with the constitution, and sanctioned by his lawful soye- 
reign the Porte; and adding that as it was evident that 
the Sultan had been coerced, and was unable to protect 
his faithful Servian subjects, they were resolved to per- 
form this sacred duty themselves, and that they would 
consequently resist all attempts at compulsion. The 
Bishop of Gibraltar arrived at Constantinople, in the 
Devastation steamer, on the 27th, and was to consecrate 
the new English Church, and administer the rite of con- 
firmation. The accounts from Trebizond stated that 
Abdallah Pasha, governor of the province, was seriously 
indisposed. The new plenipotentiary of the Schah of 
Persia had not yet reached Erzeroum. The difference 
which had arisen between the Porte and Austria respect- 
ing the navigation of the steamers of the Danubian Com- 
pany had been definitively adjusted. The Divan had 
given letters for all the Ottoman pashas and governors, 
enjoining them to extend to those steamers the assistance 
and protection granted to Ottoman vessels. 
NptA.—The following letter, giving an account of a sur- 
vivor of the unfortunate 44th, has been published in the 
Times :—‘* Camp, Deesa, March 2.—A man belonging to 
No. 4 Company of her Majesty’s 44th Regiment, whose 
name is James Edwards, being one of the few who escaped 
the sad massacre in Affghanistan, has made his way in 
safety through many difficulties to Deesa, and is now 
attached to No. 1 Company, of the 2d or Queen’s. He 
appears a fine intelligent man, and no doubt his account 
could be rendered interesting. I hear that he travelled 
along from sunrise to sunset, keeping the east on his left, 
and at night often lay down both hungry and thirsty. 
With the exception of three days that he was ill and 
unable to move, he has been walking ever since the fatal 
catastrophe, to the 28th February, when he arrived in 
camp. I believe the first European he met was Lieu- 
tenant Simpson, of the 2d Cavalry, at Kassa, who did all 
that kindness could suggest to relieve the poor fellow 
from the plight that he was then in. He had no idea of 
the time that had elapsed, and knows not by what route 
he has made his way. I understand that 140 days ago he 
was obliged to leave his comrade, who fell sick, at some 
village. I have at present had no conversation with 
Edwards, but have seen him at a short distance, and have 
heard this much from those who gathered it at his 
mouth ; and I mentionit, as through the Times his safety 
may be made known to his friends, who must imagine 
him dead. Avoiding the large towns, he skirted the small 
villages, sometimes treated with much kindness, and occa- 
sionally with great indignity, the villagers sometimes 
seizing him by the hair, hooting him as a Feringee, and 
spitting in his face ; he is much burnt and travel-worn— 
as might be expected; he has about two years’ pay due to 
him, and may, perhaps, by the kindness of the Govern- 
ment and others, be enabled to set himself up comfortably 
in some little way in England, which may repay him for 
his last two years of misery. He was, I hear, a volunteer 
to the 44th, when that regiment went on service ;—either 
the 3d or the 31st I believe he formerly belonged to.” 
Onirep Srarns.—The royal mail steamer Britannia 
arrived at Liverpool on Saturday. She sailed from Boston 
on the afternoon of the Ist, and Halifax on the evening of 
the 3d inst., and has made the passage in 12 days and 12 
hours. The new steam-ship Hibernia, which sailed from 
Liverpool on the 19th ult., was met within a few hours’ 
sail of Boston, which she would reach on the morning of 
the 2dinst. The papers brought by the Britannia extend 
over a period of three weeks, from the 11th ult. to the 
Ist inst. Their contents are, however, unimportant, and 
not very interesting. The accounts from Washington 
relate exclusively to the expected retirement of Mr- 
Webster from the office of Secretary of State, and the 
changes in the Cabinet which that resignation would 
make necessary. One account states that he has 
actually resigned, whilst another says that he will not 
quit office until the pending negotiations between the 
United States and Great Britain shall have been brought 
to aclose. There had been some discussion about @ the 
procal commercial treaty between the two countries, the 
basis of which should be a mutual diminution of puHet 
but not much faith appeared to be felt in the States o 
the practicability of such an arrangement.—Lhe aie a 
twins were married at Wilks Co., North Carolina, by 4 
Baptist minister, to the two daughters of a farmer Pea dis 
Yeates.—The Canada papers contain accounts of | 
