574 
THE GARDENERS 
CHRONICLE. 
[Aue. 19, 
grown on the system recommended by him,—but I cor- 
sider’ the following to be an improvement on that method. 
I proceed as follows:—any convenient time from the 
last week in July to the middle of August, (but the earlier 
the better,) I take 60-sized pots, and having filled them 
with good loam and a third well-decomposed manure, I 
place them along the rows of Strawberries, and lay one of 
the finest runners in each pot (taking care not to break 
the wire). I let them remain in that situation for six 
weeks, and should the weather prove dry, they are care- 
fully watered. I then remove them to a shady situation, 
and about the beginning of October I shift them into 
32s, singly ; as‘I find one plant, thus treated, to produce 
more and much finer fruit than three, with a certainty 
that none of them will go blind: and such plants will 
be found stronger and in a better bearing condition than 
those of two or three years’ standing. The advantages of 
this system are, in the first place, that the plants make the 
best roots, and being supported by their parents until 
they can shift for themselves, or rather until they are 
shifted by the gardener, who, with Mr. Murdock, I 
recommend to be gentle in forcing until the fruit is fairly 
set. Nothing, in my opinion, repays the gardener better 
for his trouble, or affords greater satisfaction to his 
employer, than a good dish of Strawberries, from the 1st 
February until the 1st of September.—C. W. T. 
Apples.—In the last Saturday in July, at Preston 
market, Apples were sold by Mr. H. Hornby, of Catforth- 
within-Woodplumpton, some of the past and some of the 
present year’s growth. The Apples of 1842 were re- 
Sey fresh and sound, and fetched 2d. per pound.— 
‘acile. 
Wew Peas.—A neighbour of mine has grown Cormack’s 
Prince Albert Pea, (sold last spring at 5s. per quart) side 
by side with the Early May, and he believes them to be 
the same variety. At any rate, the reputed new sort is not 
a single day earlier than the old one, nor better in any 
respect, I have myself proved that the Early May comes 
into use nearly a week sooner than Farnes’s First Early, 
which also was advertised as a new sort, or at all events 
with a new name.—J, B. Whiting. 
Large Mushrooms.—Two prodigious Mushrooms were 
gathered on the Ist of August last ; one in a field near 
Fort Green Cottage, Garstang, the residence of Mr. Saul, 
which measured 42 inches in circumference, and had a 
stem 6 inches long and 2 inches in diameter, the height of 
the whole being 9 inches. This immense Mushroom must 
have grown within 24 hours, as I had looked over the 
ground the previous evening, when there was no such 
thing to be found. The above was perfect in colour and 
well formed in all its parts. The other was gathered in 
Witinton Hall Park, near Kirby Lonsdale, the residence 
of T. Green, Esq., and measured 232 inches in circum- 
ference; it was well furmed, aud in a state of growth when 
gathered.— Facile. 
Exiraordinary Discovery of preserving Vegetables for 
an unlimited Period.—Our energies and exertions of late 
years have been directed to the improvement inj the 
growth of fruits and vegetables ; but we have never yet 
been able to discover how to grow them at every season 
of the year; but, thanks to the talent and research of a 
French gentleman, we are enabled, by a singular process, 
to enjoy not only fruits and vegetables, but poultry, game, 
meat, and even milk, at all times, and all seasons, W. 
would strongly recommend the curious in such matters to 
pay a visit to the fi 'y, 137, Houndsditch, whe 
we have seen the whole process, and where we were 
treated with the utmost politeness and attention.—J.R.B, 
Ward's Cases.—1 am truly glad to see the Horticul- 
tural Society of London have taken Ward’s Cases under 
their fostering p ion, as I am inced they will 
come more and more into general use, the better their 
capabilities are developed. The best guide to find out 
what may be done by them is to know what has already 
been done, and I am, therefore, induced to send you some 
account of mine ; reserving a more particular description 
to some future time. ave, at present, in bud and in 
blossom, Cattleya Forbesii, C. Loddigesii, Gloxinia maxima 
alba, G. speciosa two plants, Achimenes coccinea, A. longi- 
flora, Thunbergia alata, and the white and pink double 
Oleanders (growing freely, but from improper season o} 
being too small, not flowering), Cattleya crispa, Cypri- 
pedium insigne, Dendrobium cucullatum, Leptotes bicolor, 
Brassia Lanceana, Oncidium flexuosum, O. papilio, Max- 
illaria stapelioides, Stanhop difi Coelogyne fim- 
briata, Oncidium viperinum, Dendrobium speciosum, D. 
@ 
5 
o 
cupreum, D. i. Pp Maxillaria 
Harrisonie, Crinum longifolium, Gloxinia rubra, Ges- 
neria elongata, Lelia anceps, Stephanotis floribundus, 
Oya carnosa, and Gossypium herbaceum (alive, but 
making no progress), Cypripedium venustum, Aiceoclad 
maculata and a (supposed) Galeandra ; the latter has never 
started since its arrival from Rio, last autumn. So con- 
enial does the atmosphere appear to be, that Brassia, 
which, when I received it last winter, consisted of one 
pseudo bulb, with one arrested shoot upon it, has now not 
only pushed two other shoots, but vegetation is proceeding 
in the heart of the arrested shoot, a most unusual occur- 
rence. I believe Dendrobium speciosum consisted only of 
two very shrivelled bulbs, without root, and appearing quite 
rotten about the rhizoma; it has pushed a very healthy 
shoot, and is rooting freely. Cattleya Loddigesii, C. crispa, 
Oncidium papilio, and O. viperinum, though small plants, 
have each two growing shoots; and Leptotes bicolor, 
which arrived with the Galeandra, and ‘consisted of fiv 
bulbs, has pushed in no fewer than jnine points, and i 
rooting in proporti Hy phyllum Tunbridgense (I 
think, for it is too small as yet for me to be quite certain) 
has come up spontaneously in some of the Devonshire 
Peat, in which C, Loddigesii was potted. Gloxinia leaves 
ao 
take root in three weeks, and form tubers as large as a full- 
sized Pea in six. Portulaca Thellusonii, and Petunia magna 
rosea rooted in a fortnight. You will see by the above 
list that my box is none of the little elegant drawing-room 
ornaments, in which a few plants are kept alive, lookin 
like crows in a mist; it stands six feet high, is four feet 
broad, and two feet wide, has a door at one end, two shelves 
inside, and as many hooks at top as possible for suspend- 
inglogs of wood. During the coldest nightlast winter, when 
the thermometer was at 6° F. in the fields, the thermometer 
in the box fell to 38° F.; during the summer it has never 
been below 65°, and two hours’ sunshine raises it to 90° 
The window in which it stands looks S.S.W. In conclu- 
sion, I would recommend boxes to be made two feet and 
a half wide, with a door at each end, large enough to 
admit the whole person freely ; and if it is wished to grow 
Dendrobia well it should be not less than eight or nine 
feet high. There is in mine a difference of from three to 
eight degrees between the thermometer at the top and that 
at the bottom of the box; but the lower situation answers 
quite well for Cattleyas, Lelias, &c. Allosorus crispus is 
growing very luxuriantly.—/. B. Harris, M.D., Dumfries. 
Cuckoo.—I see in your last Paper that a correspondent 
appears to think it very difficult to keep a Cuckoo through 
awinter. I should think warmth was very important to 
their well-doing. The only bird I ever heard of surviving 
a winter was one kept in a laundry in a country-house, 
and I believe that Cuckoo lived two winters; and in the 
spring, when the family went to London, the bird went 
too.— Rural Chemistry. 
Rats.—A drain runs down the centre of my garden, 
and discharges itself into the sea ; and I am surrounded 
on the one hand by a malt-house, and on the other by a 
slaughter-house, both affording shelter and food to 
these destructive vermin ; the consequence is that my 
garden is completely honeycombed, and looking as much 
like a rabbit-warren as a garden; and to make matters 
worse, I find to-day that the continual excavations have 
at last stopped the drain, so that the water now runs 
about the beds of the garden instead of following its 
natural channel. What can I do to rid myself of these 
pests? Poison has been tried, but without any diminu- 
tion of numbers, as a fresh colony takes possession imme- 
diately the former one is destroyed.—Devoniensis. [We 
must refer this case to some clever correspondent ; for 
we cannot suggest a remedy,—unless chlorine gas or sul- 
phuretted hydrogen can be driven into the galleries.] 
Fecundity of Bees.—A hive of Bees belonging to Mr. 
T. Dobson, of Great Plumpton, near Preston, swarmed 
on the 12th and on the 26th of June, and again on the 
Ist of July. The young progeny of the 12th of June put 
forth a large swarm on the 4th of July.—Facile, 
Refuse of Paper-making.—A paper-maker wishes to 
be informed of the best manner of disposing of the refuse 
of the materials used in bleaching his rags. These are 
salt, sulphuric acid, and manganese. After the distilla- 
tion of the chlorine gas from these substances, it is 
supposed that the residue consists of sulphate of soda and 
oxyde or sulphate o Ie —in what proporti 
may this saline matter be used, diluted with water, for 
pasture land, or for arable or growing crops? and would 
it fix the ammonia in dung, and be more serviceable in 
that way as a manure for arable land ? or, in other words, 
would it be best to use it as a direct stimulant to vegeta- 
tion, or as a chemical agent to assist in the decomposition 
of other materials before it is brought into use? The 
Paper-maker who asks these questions knows it to be the 
practice of most of his brethren to empty their retorts 
into the stream, and he has a strong misgiving that they 
throw away a very useful manure. Strewed on pavements 
and paths, the above-mentioned refuse kills the weeds for 
the entire summer. 
PROCEEDINGS OF SOCIETIES. 
HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 
Aug. 15.—R. H, Solly, Esq., in the chair. Sir H. Willoughby, 
Bart., the Hon. G, F. Hamilton, Gen. Caulfield, Jas. Ackers, Esq., 
M.P., John Broadhurst, Esq., P. Rolt, Esq., and R. J.T. Tomp: 
Esq., were elected Fellows. It was announced that the seeds 
lately brought over by Mr. Hartweg might be obtained by Fellows, 
upon application being made to the Secretary. Dean, gr to 
J. Bateman, Esq., exhibited a collection of handsome Orchida- 
ceous flowers, comprising a superb variety of Oncidium Lancea- 
nm ich] x d Vanda ii; a ike of 
Cycnoches Egertonianum, which attracted great attention from 
its having been produced by the selfsame pseudo-bulb which last 
year bore a spike of C. ventricosum ; the latter having large pale 
green flowers, while those of the former are small, and of a dark 
purplish brown; the same plant this year produced only blooms 
of C. Egertonianum, Cut flowers of Phaius albus, and a small spe- 
cies of a Camarotis, were also exhibited byMr. Dean, who received 
a Banksian Medal for Oncidium Lanceanum and Vanda Rox- 
burghii. From Mr. Errington, gr to Sir P. G, Egerton, were 
most beautiful cut specimens of Cattleya crispa and intermedia, 
BS 
Hendersonii; the curi 
téria was 9 inches long and quite blanched, but by being placed 
ion: a Banksian Medal 
was awarded for the Brassia and Galeandra. From Mr. Groom, 
of Clapham Rise, were several exceedingly vigorous plants of the 
highly beautiful Lilium lancifélium punctatum. Mr. Standish, 
of Bagshot, exhibited four seedling Fuchsias, which he stated to 
have been obtained in the following manner; Having raised in 
1842, from F.formosaelegans, fertilized with the pollen of F. corym- 
biflora, some pretty seedlings, these again seeded freely without 
assistance, and gave rise to the present plants, which showed 
that this tribe, instead of degenerating like Calceolarias, and many 
florists’ flowers, if not crossed, improved considerably: the seed- 
lings were named Attractor and Colossus, which resemble each 
other in colour, but differ in size and character, haying smooth 
gQ 
fo} 
waxy crimson carmine tubes and sepals, with long, large, and 
stout corollas, of a purple crimson colour; President, with rose- 
coloured tube and sepals, has a large and stout rich-coloured 
corolla, with but little blue in it; and Candidate has a carmine 
tube and sepals, with a stout and long corolla of a deep-bluish car 
mine; the flowers are large, the two latter long, and large also, 
and the habit of all promises to be good. From Messrs. 
Lucombe and Pince were blooms of their beautiful Fuchsia 
Exoniensis. From Mr. Epps, of Tunbridge Wells, was a plant 0! 
his seedling Fuéhsia, called Monar i 
resemblance in form and 
Six well-swelled Queen Pine-apples, weighing respectively, 31bs- 
ibs. OZ+9 
BOTANICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. 
June 2.—J, Reynolds, Esq., Treasurer, in the chair. Mrs. M: 
Stovin presented specimens of A: 
Or 
Library, Herbarium, and eum wereannounced. T! clu- 
sion of a Paper ‘On the Groups into which the British Fruticose 
Rubi are divisible,” by Mr, E, Lees, w: stated 
ular, hairy av 
prickly, setose, very glandular, arched or trailing, rooting. B+ 
radula of Weihe and Nees, Keehleri, fusco ater, &c, 3. Villi- 
caule.—Barren stem angular, very hairy, but without glands, 
prickly, arched, or decumbent, rooting. R. villicaulis, W. and Nv 
R. leucostachys, Smith, &c, 4. Fruticosi.—Barren stem angulat 
glaucous, prickly, arching, rooting. _R, fruticosus and discolor 
5, Nitidi,—Barren stem angular, almost smooth, with a few 
prickles, rooting rarely. R. affinis, nitidus, rhamnifolius, ae 
6. Suberecti.—Barren stem angular, very smooth, nearly erecls 
not rooting, R.suberectus, Anderson and Smith, R. plicatuss 
-and N., andR., fissus, Lindley. i, irren stem Troup 
downy, covered with innumerable small dilated prickles, exec: 
R. ideeus and varieties. The Paper was accompanied by numerou! 
specimens, which are deposited in the Society’s Herbarium. te 
July 7.—J, E. Gray, Esq., President, in the chair. Dr. G, Ware 
son and Mr. R. Kilvington, of Philadelphia, presented a very. ie 
collection of North American Plants, comprising numerous ‘Duy! i 
cates; and the President presented some plants from singaror 
“Observations on Dicranum Dillenii,” (M.SS. Taylor) by ¥¥ 
Thomas Taylor, were read, 
HIGHLAND AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. toly 
Tux Annual Show of this important Association has 1a! 
taken place at Dundee, and is fully reported in the Dundee Aer a 
farmer. Many of the first names among our nobility aP! 
the exhibition list, and man: e first breeders in © 
haye sent stock, hundreds of miles from their farms and ‘hole 
to compete for the prizes of the Highland Society. The easout 
country for hundreds of miles round seems to have pour and 
its Agricultural treasures—the mountains of Aberdeens}i ‘a and 
the plains of the Lothians—the pastures of Northumberlan thing 
the wild shores of Loch Rannach. And it was a gratifying. imple 
to see noble and peasant, duke, earl, lord, gentleman, oat tove- 
farmer, all uniting in one great patriotic object—the? Fected 
ment of the land and the produce thereof. Nothing was wee of 
phe 
Members, and for the exhibition of implements and EOC rail es 
fec 
fine grass-field in the form of an oblong-paralellogram, per 
cl and situated in the immediate vicinity 
n iz tl f the 
Highland bull, from the hills of BS rato Er country: 
the Society’s Meetings. The work. 
good, and there were in particular re * pe a 
may show the interest taken in the exbibi do) 2 from Babrahanly 
that the famous breeder, Jonas Tene s tba paete 
a distance of four a eee: A waa enor: mousy con- 
sisting of all ranks and ages, and many a lady gay had to UA ae 
rather rough treatment 
er, ery ‘ 
admittance. | Gr ecing the whole exhibition, which P' 
‘4 ” 
, 30 ;—in all, was the largest ex 
, 4; pigs, z 
745, Sheep, cactie ever held by the Society, exceptthat at Gilasge 
i 
i 
