432 
THE GARDENERS 
CHRONICLE. 
[JUNE 24, 
great perfection, treats them in ‘the following manner : 
The depth of the trenches in which they are grown being 
entirely dependent upon that of the springs by which they 
are supplied with water, the former are so prepared that, as 
nearly as possible, a regular depth of three or four inches 
can be kept up. These trenches are three yards broad, and 
eighty-seven yards long; and whenever one is to be planted, 
the bottom is made quite firm and slightly sloping, so that 
the water which fiows in at one end may run out at the 
other. Ifthe bottom of the trench is not sufficiently 
moist, a small body of water is allowed to enter to soften 
it. The Cresses are then taken and divided into small 
sets or cuttings, with roots attached to them; and these 
are thrown over the bottom of the trench at the distance 
of 3 or 4 inches from each other. The Cress soon attaches 
itself to the damp earth; in three or four days the shoots 
straighten and begin to strike root. At the end of five or 
six days, a slight dressing of well-decomposed cow-dung 
is spread over all the plants, and this is pressed down by 
means of a heavy board, to which a long handle is ob- 
liquely fixed. The water is then raised to the depth of 
2 or3 inches and never higher. Each trench is thus 
replanted annually, and furnishes twelve crops during the 
season. In the summer, the Cresses are gathered every 
15or 20 days, but less frequently during winter. Care 
is taken that, at each gathering, at least a third part of 
the bed is left untouched, so that neither the roots may 
be exhausted, nor the succeeding gathering delayed. After 
every cutting, a little decayed cow-dung, in the proportion 
of two large barrowfuls to each trench, is spread over the 
naked plants, and this is beaten down by means 
of the rammer above mentioned. After the Water- 
Cresses have been thus treated for a twelvemonth, 
the manure forms a tolerably thick layer at the bot- 
tom of the trench, and tends to raise its level. To 
restore it to its original level, all the refuse should be 
thrown out upon the borders which separate the trenches 
from each other. These borders may be planted with 
Artichokes, Cabbages, or Cauliflowers, which will here 
attain a great size. Cress-grounds should always be at a 
distance from trees, on account of the leaves which other- 
wise drive amongst the plants and require much time to 
pick out. There are two weeds which, even in the clean- 
est Cress-grounds, can scarcely be kept under; these are 
the Duckweed and Zannichéllia palustris, which both 
multiply so quickly, that unless carefully rooted out, they 
do greatinjury to the Cresses. The Zannichéllia may be 
kept under by careful handweeding, and the Duckweed 
by raising the water so as to make it float above the 
Cress-plants, when it may be skimmed off with a besom. 
—Bon Jardinier. 
A new Tree Paony.—We understand that Mr. Van 
Houtte, of Ghent, has in his possession a new Tree Peony, 
called the “ Triumph of Malines,” which is remarkable 
for its beauty. Its flower is said to have the appearance 
of a cluster of Rhododendrons, forming a pyramid almost 
as large at the summit as the base. Its colour is described 
to be deep Amaranth. We presume the variety will,soon 
be in the trade. = 
Seedling Caclus.—We have received from Messrs. 
Davies & Co., of Wavertree, specimens of seedlings, 
raised between C. speciosissimus and C. grandiflorus, 
having flowers which share the form of the latter and 
the red colour of the former. Two fine varieties are 
before us ; the one with large blossoms, very like those of 
C. grandifiorus, of a pale red and rather dull colour,—and 
the other somewhat less like C. grandiflorus, of a richer 
hue, more bling C. speciosissi There is much 
of novelty in them, and the blooms, unlike those of C. 
grandiflorus, are said to remain perfect for two days.— 
We have also received from Mr. J. F. Wood, a flower of 
a seedling which grows in the way of the creeping Cereus, 
and which was obtained from speciosissimus, which is 
supposed to have been accidentally fertilized. Its flowers 
are in the way of Ackermanni, and exhibit very slight 
traces of the beautiful purple of speciosissimus. They are 
however handsome, and the plant, with the pendulous 
habit of the creeping Cereus, must have a striking 
appearance. 
Ceylon.—We have much satisfaction in announcing the 
appointment of Professor Gardner to the charge of the 
Botanic Garden of Ceylon, vacant in consequence of the 
death of Mr. Normansell. Thezealand Botanical knowledge 
of Mr. Gardner, and the practical acquaintance with 
tropical vegetation gained by him in his long travels in 
Brazil, render him peculiarly fitted for such an appoint- 
ment, which cannot fail to be a gain to the colony. 
GARDEN MEMORANDA. 
one of the plant-houses are some very large healthy bulbs of the 
most esteemed sorts of Amaryllis ; we also noticed some remark- 
ably fine plants of the Gloxinia maculata, which were obtained by 
fc In the house devoted to 
‘chidaceous plants is a very large specimen 
the others in flower, we observed Cattleya Porta onelditnn 
m, O. pumilum, an 1e plant of 
Maxillaria aromatica, 
The flower- 
one Set some splendid views of 
eshire, with the Welsh mountains in the back ground,—J, A, 
Rebiews. 
Prize Essay of the Wetherby Agricultural Association, 
on the Application of Rape-Dust and other Hand 
Tillages. By John Hannam. Longman. pp. 35. 
We have perused this Prize Essay of Mr. Hannam’s with 
great satisfaction, and do not hesitate to pronounce it to 
be a most useful treatise on the theory and practice of 
manuring. He does not confine himself to the ostensible 
subject of Rape-dust and similar artificial helps to vegeta- 
tion; but he gives a very clear and concise view of the 
theories of modern chemists and physiologists on the 
nutrition of plants, and endeavours to show that the 
practice of the best farmers is in perfect accordance with 
the latest discoveries of eminent chemists in the compo- 
sition of vegetable productions. The whole is clearly 
stated, and we can safely recommend it to the attentive 
consideration of practical farmers.—M. 
CALENDAR OF OPERATIONS for the ensuing week. 
Tux flower-gardens at Shrubland Park are open to the public 
II.—-FLOWER-GARDEN AND SHRUBBERY. 
daily. There is hardly a week till the beginning of August but some 
are now 
few weeks, till the nights lengthen out a little more, when the dews 
will in a great measure counteract the effects of strong sun 
ER-GARDEN.— Everywhere in the flower-garden the greatest 
order and neatness should prevail ; not adead or fading flower should 
be seen, not even in the wildest corner of the shrubberies. No plant 
requiring support should be a day without a neat stake: Many of 
° 
a 
i) 
slice; then mak 7 
bud, as long as the slice, and at the wu 
another cut across, an! ter T. Now 
was before; and when the 
square with the cro: 
loose bark over the slice with your worsted, and t 
round till you cover all the cut, only leaving the little bud in the 
centre free, for fear of smothering it, he work is finished ; 
and all buds are put in in the same way by almost everybody. I 
sometimes, however, practise a different mode, which I want to dis- 
close, for the consideration of established practitioners. It is this: 
when a friend sends you a Rose-shoot in a letter, ten to one if the 
buds on it are half developed, and of course 
But if you take out the incipient buds, with half 
wedge fashion, an ottom squared, you can 
piece of the stock, and work in your bud after the manner of side~ 
grafting, and not one out of a score of them will fail; and this is the 
surest way to work them in spring and autumn, when the bark docs 
not rise freely, 
I,—KITCHEN-GARDEN AND ORCHARD, 
In-door Department. 
Prnes.—Now that we are in the heart of their growing season, 
afternoon, with their leaves all dripping from the use of the syringe; 
for this treatment suits the fruiters also at this time till the fruit is 
full swelled, when the over-moisture must be given up by degrees. 
bunches of the latest Vines are now in most places 
in a forward state for being thinned; an these are to stand over 
the dullest months of the year—November and December—they 
ought to be well thinned of their berries. You may also push them 
on with a strong moist heat until they are swelled to their utmost 
possible management to let them go on slowly now, and to haye to 
push them in the autumn to colour them. 
ACH-HOUSE.—Many of these houses are now cleared of the 
fruit, the trees and all parts of the house being well washed down 
with the engine. If you end this growth as you began it last 
December ; that is, letting it finish gradually in a gentle moist heat, 
with plenty of air, the trees should bein a good condition for the 
Trop. * 
perhaps. 
CucumBers on the ridges are now growing away with great free- 
dom. If they do not cover the space allotted to them, regularly 
pinch out the tops of the main branches, but keep them thin of 
shoots near the bottom, otherwise they will soon get into confusion. 
It is a good plan to put a layer of clean straw under them, to kee 
them clean ; and they will require less water if the beds are covered. 
t-door Department. 
About the end of June and beginning of July, as the early Peas 
Beans are cleared off » is the usual time of 
planting out Broccoli, Brussells Sprouts, Sayoys, &c.; but if room 
is scarce, many of these may be planted out between standing rows 
of other crops that are expected to ¢ off soon. ever 
thinks of planting any of the Cabbage tribe without first manuring 
the ground, 
CoLzworTs are much sought after in some places, but in some 
families they are never used. This is about the time to get in the first 
sowing of them; and in many late situations it is bigh time to sow 
early Cabbages to come in hetimes next spring; butin good situations 
a fortnight hence will be time enough. 
PEAS AND Beans.—The earliest varieties of these should now be 
sown for the last time; but some Early Frames may be chanced as 
late as the second week in July; and if we have fine weather in 
October they will afford some dishes, when they will come in very 
acceptable. 
ple point; the seasons principally, however, determine the right time, 
RD.—If the tops of shoots of Currants or Gooseberries 
should become infested with insects, as they often do about this time, 
the best way is to cut off the tops at once, which will do no harm to 
the bushes so late as this in the season. A good washing with the 
engine occasionally will be of service to the wall-trees, and unless 
they are attacked by insects, clean water is as good for this purpose 
is any mixt jee that the Vines never get loose, or grow tor 
long, before they are tied in, and so with all your wall-trees. 
State of the Weather near London for the Week ending June 22, 1843, a8 
observed at the Horticultural Garden, Chiswick. 
BaRoeerer, | THERMOMETER. 
ar 
| Wind. | Rain, 
juni | Max. Min. ; Mean. | ———-|——— 
Friday 6 ). 961 46 58.5 N, 
Saturday 17 | 29.979 50 62.5 
Sunday 29.929 50 87.5 so { 
Monday 198] 99 954 59 61.0 01 
Tuesday 20] 30.160 39 51.0 
Wednesday 2 0.128 51 62.0 s 
Thursday 22 | 30.045 40 55.0 E. 
Average 30.029 i} he +02 
June 16. Very fine, with scattered white clouds; clear at night. 
17. Clea ts very fine, with a few light clouds; cloudy and fine 
19. Uniformly overcast ; cloudy and cold. 
1; overcast; cold and clear at night. 
a ine with light clouds ; clear at night. 
Mean temperature of the week 3.3° below the average 
State of the Weather at Chiswick during the last 17 years, for the ensuing 
e 
Wee 
[Lowest] Mean] Years Sisie 
| Semp.| Temp Alas 
| S| 4 
51.0 61.3 3) 3) 2 
50.8 | 61.4 5) 5) ak 
48.2 | 68.5 3 6|— 
| 81.1 | 61.9 314 
49.8 | 61. 2 5 4) 
608 | 621 38 8 2) 2 
52.7 62.4 3 BSL 
_ The highest temperature during the above period occurred on the 28th, 
in 1826—thermom: 
mometer 379, 
eter 91°; and the lowest on the Ist July, in 1837, ther 
REPORT ON COVENT-GARDEN MARKET, 
For the Week ending June 23, 1843. 
Tue chief new feature in the market this week is a large quantity 
of Cherries and Strawberries from the open garden. The former are 
almost entirely of the Mayduke sort, and those of good quality range 
wards from er lb., though many are to be had at a lower 
rate. The Strawberries are of various kinds, but the Keen’s seed- 
lings are most abundant, and goo 
8 
tion. Al 
tion. Cucumbers are now ver merous, 
tively few that are straight and well-grown. 
Flowers include avast number of hardy things, and annuals in great 
profusion. The more uncommon flowers are Fuchsia tricolor; 
Pimelea decussata, many beautiful Roses and Irises, and a prodi- 
gious quantity of Moss Roses and Pinks. Among potted plants aré 
Fuchsia tricolor and Standishii, many varieties of Erica ventricos®, 
various Cacti, and Pimelea rosea, 
‘here are compara- 
‘The collections of Cut 
PRICES, Sarorvay, Tune 24, 1843.—FRUITS :— 
Pine Apple, per Ib. 4s to Cherries, English, 1s to 5s 
Grapes, hothouse, per Ib, 25 to 5s emons, per doz. 16 to 2s 
— ‘Spanish, per Ib. Is to 1s 6d — "per 100, 6¢ to 14s 
Portugal, per Ib. 1s to 3s, Cucumbers, per brace, 1s to 
aches, per dozen, 103 to 30s. | Walnuts, per bush., 16 
Nectarines, per dozen, 10s to 30s Chesnuts, per peck, 4s to 88 
ons, 4s to 8¢ eacl Almonds, perpeck, 6s % 
Apples, Kitchen, per bush. 6s to 12s | Sweet Almonds, per pound, 35 
Strawberries, per qt. pottle, 6d tos —_| Filberts, English, per 100 Ibs, 60s to 668 
m 100 
Gooseberries, p hf-sieve, 186d tos Gd | Cub Nuts, per 100 Ibs, 60s 
ts, per bushe) — 
il, 16 
Currants, per half-sieve, 2s to 3s ts, 
Raspberries, per sm. bskt., 10d to 1s 3d — Bf 168 
Oranges, per doz., 1s to 2s 6d — Spanish, 185 
— per 100, 6s to 188 — Barcelona, 22% to 24s 
Cherries, French, per 12 Ibs., 4s to 8s =, Cob, 128 
VEGETABLES. 
Cabbage-plants,per doz. bun., 1s to 2s 6d| Peas, per sack, 9s to 128 
Cabbages, per doz., 6d to 2s 
Cauliflowers, per dozen, 28 to 6s —Sprue, or Small, p.bun.le t0.28 
jeans, Kidney, forced, p-100,2sto3* |Lettuce, Cabb., p.sieve, 6d to 1s 
Potatoes, per ton, @0s to 1208 - os, per score, Is 
< cwt. 4s to Gs Celery, p.bd., (12 to 15) 6d to 38 
— — perbushel, 2 to 3¢ 6d Rhubarb Stalks, per bdle, 4d to 1s 
=. Kidney, p.bush.,2*to3s [Small Salads, per punnet, 2d to 8d 
Scotch, per bushel, 25 en Basil, per bunch, 4d to 6d 
New, per lb., dd to ls Vatercress, per doz. sm. bun, 4d to 6 
es, green, per doz.,1sto 5s | Parsley, per.12 bunches, ls 6d to 38 
Spring, per bunch, 3d to 1s |Tarragon, per doz. bunches, 24 to 3 
Red Beet, per d 9d tols Fennel, per doz. bun, 2s to 88 
Radish, spring, p. doz. hands, 6d to 1s 
— Turnip, p. doz. bunch, 6d to 1s 
Carrots, Young Horn., p- bund 
Garl 
Shallots, per Ib., is to Ls 6d 
en, per bunch, 8d to 6d 
6: 
to 6s 
— ‘Spring per bunch, 2d to 6 
— ‘gre ee erate pertans Oato 5) 
Peas, per sieve, 3s to 4s 6d 
Large, per bun., 6d to 1: 
Notices to Correspondents. 
Manunz.—Ponterdulais.—Salt_ is sometimes advantageos, © 
used in minute quantities; but its action is sure to be erai- 
cious if in excess, and it is better let alone, unless it hasbeen 
mixed for some months with lime, when its nature is etirely 
pe 
