1843.) 
THE GARDENERS 
Prince of Wales, Dodd’s Prince of Wales, Mrs. Shelley, Admi- 
rable, Beauty of the Plain, Widnall’s Eclipse, Queen of Lilacs, 
Marquis of Lansdowne, Ne Plus Ultra, Hudson’s Princess Royal, 
Springfield Purple, Twyford Perfection, Admiral Stopford, Phe- 
nomenon, Perpetual Grand, Essex Triumph, Catleugh’s Eclipse, 
Widnall’s Queen, Bedford Surprise, Competitor, Conservative ; 
4, Mr. Harrison, Downham Market, for Widnall’s Eclipse, Hud. 
son’s Princess Royal, Grand Baudine, Miranda, Suffolk Hero, 
Indispensable, La ooper, Essex ‘Triumph, Bridesmaid, Cat- 
leugh’s Tournament, Admiral Stopford, Penelope, Dodd’s Prince 
of Wales, President of the West, Metella, Mrs. Shelley, Beauty of 
the Plain, Beauty of Sussex, Norfolk Hero, Maria, Marchioness 
of Exeter, Burnham Hero, Favourite, Hero of Stonehenge. 
NOTICES or NEW PLANTS WHICH ARE EITHER 
USEFUL OR ORNAMENTAL. 
Ryo! Fragrant-flowered Rose-bay. 
(Hardy Evergreen.) Ericace. DVecandria Monogynia.—This 
plant is probably a hybrid between R.catawbiense and some of 
the hardy fragrant-flowered Azaleas; though it was raised acci- 
dentally, from seed of a variety of R. catawbiense, 25 or 30 yeans 
ago. It forms a compact, dwarf shrub, decidedly evergreen, 
with small and dense foliage, and numerous clusters of pretty 
pale pinkish lilac blossoms, in which there is a variety of delicate 
ints, approaching to white in the centre. Ithas quite the habit 
of a Rhododendron, and looks like a small, close-growing, pale- 
lowered variety of R. pénticum, with the leaves a little wrinkled, 
and destitute of much glossiness. Its natural flowering season 
is early in Ma’ hen the other Rhododendrons bloom, Cn account 
of the difference in its aspect from the common varieties of R. pon- 
ticum, and the delicate fragrance of its blossoms, it is well suited 
for the front of shrubbery borders, or for giving variety to beds 
of R. pénticum, by being placed at intervals round their margin, 
It is also an excellent plant for growing in tubs or large pots, to 
place about the fi or pleasur r ds i i 
positions, or to stand in the conservatory, or portico or hall of a 
Mansion, for purposes of occasional decoration. But, as its 
pleasing scent can hardly be appreciated out-of-doors, it is per- 
haps best adapted for keeping ina warm greenhouse or conserva- 
tory, in pots or tubs, where, without any forcing, it will come 
into bloom suficiently early to prevent its appearing too com. 
mon, while its fragrance will be brought readily within reach, 
Treated in this manner it constitutes a really attractive plant, 
It is multiplied by layers or by grafting on stocks of R. pénticum, 
The latter is the most economical plan, as it only requires a 
small portion of a shoot; it is probable that the layering 
method will best retain the habits of the plant.—Pazton’s Maga- 
wine of Botany. 
MarvIana; vay, bicolor, Two-coloured Von 
Martius’ Stanhopea. (Stove Epiphyte.) Orchidaccee. Gynandria 
Monandria. — A native of Mexico, discovered by Baron Kar- 
winski in 1827, and afterwards by M, Galeotti. It is one of the 
Most distinct and magnificent species of the genus, and in the 
Magnitude of its blossoms is second only to S. tigrina. The 
Sepals are straw-coloured, or almost white, faintly and sparingly 
marked with clusters of little vinous dots; the petals appear 
i crimson; the lip is 
also a clear ivory white, except a slight discoloration at paebess 
Zo 
Te 
n the original S. Martiana the sepals are straw-col ured, 
nd much more dotted with purple. Messrs. Rollissoi have 
lately flowered it, and believe they obtained it from Mexico. Tt 
is as fine a thing as S. tigrina would be if its flowers were white, 
and is very sweet-scented.— Botanical Register. 
ScniZanrnus Caw: White Schizantbus. 
t Scrophulariacese. Diandria Monogynia. 
has pinnatifid leaves, with linear, entire, rather wav 
The flowers are pure white, without a stain of any other colour; 
their lower lip has the middle lobe divided into two acuminate 
flat segments, and the two lateral ones setaceous and shorter. 
The upper lobe is two-lobed. was found wild near Coquimbo, 
and is a very pretty half-hardy annual, well worth cultivation,— 
Botanical Register. 
PLEUROTHALLIS SMITHIANA. 
(Half-hardy 
Phis plant 
Smith's Pleurothallis. 
n : (Stove 
ndria Monandria, ~ this ant 
May, 1843. Like others of this genus it prov s to be only inter- 
esting as a subject for the Botanist, who, on dissecting the 
various parts of the flower and examining them through the 
microscope, cannot fail to be highly delighted with their 
Singular construction, and the beaatiful frosted appearance they 
Leaves ovate oblong, slightly curved and hollowed iv 
the centre, about two inches and a half long, and an inch broad, 
CHRONICLE. 
679 
may be justly attributed. * * The interior is supposed 
not to be so well adapted for the growth of the Cinnamon 
as the sea-coast; at least, that hitherto brought from 
thence is coarser and thicker in appearance, and of too 
rich and pungent a taste. The best description, and that 
which grows in the gardens around Colombo, and at the 
other places mentioned, is obtained from what is termed 
the Laurus Cinnamomum. This is a tree of small size, 
from four to ten feet in height; the trunkis slender, with 
a number of branches shooting out from it on every side. 
The wood is light, soft, and porous, and in appearance 
resembles that of the common Osier. A vast number of 
roots and fibres run out from the root of the tree, and 
shoot up rapidly into slender twigs, which form, as it 
were, a bush around it. The leaf, though not of so deep 
a green, resembles that of the Laurel. When the leaf first 
appears, it is of a red or scarlet colour, but it afterwards 
changes gradually to green. The blossom is white, and 
when in full blow, seems, as it were, to cover the tree in 
a very beautiful and striking manner. This tree produces 
a species of fruit resembling an acorn, but not so large, 
which, when ripe, is gathered by the natives, in order to 
extract oil from it; this they use for perfuming their 
bodies and hair, and, when mixed with cocoa-nut oil, it 
also gives a very pleasant and good light. When the tree 
is old and decays, it is usually burned down to the ground; 
the roots are then seen to shoot up again in long straight 
plants, much better formed than the preceding ones. The 
bark of these shoots is extremely valuable.’’Col. Camp- 
bell’s Excursions in Ceylon, as quoted in the Atheneum. 
Ginger Wine.—Put 5 gallons of water to 16} lbs. of 
lump-sugar, boil and skim it, then put in 5 oz. of ginger 
bruised, (not ground,) the peel of 3 Lemons and 3 Seville 
Oranges tied in a thin cloth ; let it boil for half-an-hour 
and put it into a vessel, and let it stand until just warm ; 
then put in 1 spoonful of good yeast, and let it remain unti 
next day slightly covered over. Wash out the barrel with 
some brandy ; put into the wine the peel and juice of 
the Oranges and Lemons and 2 lbs, of Raisins cut open; 
stir it every day for a fortnight, and let the bung be put 
in lightly. Add 1 oz. of isinglass and J pint of brandy, 
and stop the barrel close. When done working, let the 
wine stand seven weeks before you bottle it.— Anonymous. 
New Phiox.—Another of those pretty varieties of 
Phlox lens, with red i duced among the white 
flowers, has been raised by Mr. Van Houtte, and is, we 
understand, in the possession of the Nurserymen under 
the name of striata delicatissima. Its flowers are deli- 
cately streaked all over with rose of different tints on a 
white ground. 
Loudonia.—In the ‘‘ Sketch of the Vegetation of the 
Swan River Colony,” a genus was named Loudonia, in 
compliment to Mr. Loudon, the well-known writer on 
Horticultural subjects, who, we regret to learn, is lying at 
Southampton dangerously ill. The author of the “ Sketch” 
had seen only one species, which he named Loudonia 
ea, a plant which f makes its appearance on the 
lower slopes of the Darling Range, but it is more common 
to the east of the hills, where it sports from a golden yel- 
ow toa deep red in the flowers and. seed-vessels. We 
learn that Mr. Drummond has since found another species 
with differently shaped leaves and seed-vessels, which he 
has named Loudonia flavescens 3 it grows in a flat piece 
of land, where water stands in winter, about twelve miles 
to the east of Hawtbornden, Mr. Drummond’s residence 
at the Swan. 
e 
] 
Mount Edgecumbe, the seat of the Right Hon. Earl of Mount 
much so, that during her stay at 
excursion, the Queen visited it twice, and spent many hours in the 
fi g g s,and expressed herself highly 
leased. Mount Edgecumbe is a promontory about five miles 
long and three broad; it is situated on the west of Plymouth 
Sound. The beauties of this celebrated place cannot be pour- 
trayed by the most enthusiastic admirer of Nature’s grandest 
ornament, nor would it be possible for the most skilful artist to 
MISCELLANEOUS. 
The Cinnamon Plant.—'' The best and most productive 
Soils of Ceylon are a brown loam, resulting from the 
decomposition of gneiss or granitic rock, abounding in 
felspar, or a reddish loam, resulting from the decomposi- 
tion of clay iron-stone, called in Ceylon, Kabookstone. 
The soil of the Cinnamon garden, in the neighbourhood 
of Colombo, (as well as that near Galle, and elsewhere, 
in which the Cinnamon tree is grown; and in many places 
it is produced naturally,) is a remarkable instance of the 
Silicious kind. The surface of the ground in many places 
Where the Cinnamon plant flourishes is white as snow: 
this is pure quartz sand. Below the surface a few inches, 
where the roots penetrate, the sand is of a grey colour, 
A precumen of this, dried thoroughly, was found to con- 
Sist of — 
98.5 silicious sand 
1.0 vegetable matter 
0.5 water 
100.0 
“(It may appear surprising that the Cinnamon plant 
Should succeed best in so poor a soil; but, other circum- 
Stances considered, it admits of explanation. The garden 
4s nearly on a level with the Lake of Colombo, its situation 
18 sheltered, the climate is remarkably damp, showers are 
frequent, the temperature is high, and uncommonly equa- 
le. These are the principal peculiarities to which the 
€xcellence of the Cinnamon, and the luxuriant growth of 
this valuable shrub, in a soil so apparently unpromising, 
ropriate to its situation. It was ‘ar 1550, by 
Ate Ahn Edgecumbe, Knt., but has recently undergone exten- 
English. The Italian gardenis alarge plot of gro! 
of Aloes, Yuccas, &c., with statues of Flora, Ceres, Apoll 
Belvidere, and the Venus de Medicis. oon ecleslian 
unded by evergreens, 
and is nicely orna- 
grow rapidly, and is in good health. We were informed by Mr. 
Pawley, the gardener here, thatit has stood for some years with- 
out the least protection; indeed, in the winter of 1840-41, which 
it will be remembered was very severe, the plant was completely 
covered with snow, which had partially thawed bat was again 
frozen, so that the shocts appeared like large icicles; but piercing 
as the frost must have been, not a leaf was injured or disfigured, 
thus affording a proof of the p i and z 
i i value of this high] The Myr- 
tles are likewise of great size and beauty. There are also two fine 
specimens of Abies Douglasii, which are feathered with foliage 
from the ground, and form a perfect pyramid. The collection of 
plants in the greenhouses is by no means rare; the chief study 
being to enrich the grounds with ornamental shrubs and forest- 
rees. We advise every one who visits Plymouth to see this lovely 
place, and they wiil be charmed with its rich and beautiful scene 
‘The drives and walks are many miles in extent, and are arranged 
a as to exhibit to full advantage the natural beauties of the situ- 
ation. 
Rebicos. 
Dr. Justus Liebig, in his Relation to Vegetable Physi- 
ology. By Dr. Hugo Mohl. (Dr. Justus Liebig’s 
Verhiltniss zur Pflanzen-Physiologie.) 
Frues. 1843, 
: (Concluded from page 664.) 
After having assigned the utility of rotation to the 
formaticn of humus, Dr. Liebig states his views of 
vegetable nutrition at the different periods of growth. 
He says, that a plant returns just so much carbon to 
the soil as it has absorbed from it in the form of 
carbonic acid produced by decomposing humus. This 
supply of carbon is sufficient for many plants at the first 
period of their growth, but it is not snfficient to supply 
some of their organs with the necessary maximum of 
ood. But the object of agriculture is to gain the maxi- 
mum of produce, and this, says Liebig. p. 154, ‘stands 
in a direct ratio to the amount of food which has been 
given to a plant during the first period of its development,” 
therefore all pains are to be tuken to increase the 
amount of humus, 
The short and the long of these rather vague assertions 
(says Dr. Mohl), is, apparently, that a crop will be the 
greater the more food a plant has received from the 
soil before its period of fiowering. But this axiom, 
although true in the main, is somewhat contradicted by 
another at p. 111, where it is stated that humus is useful 
to young plants by contributing to the increase of their 
organs of atmospheric nutrition ; but it is not indispen- 
sable, and its excess may even be detrimental in the first 
stages of development. The food, namely, which a young 
plant receives from the air in the form of carbonic acid 
and ammonia, is restricted within certain limits,—it can 
assimilate no more than the air contains. If, therefore, 
in the beginning of growth, the number of twigs, sprouts, 
or leaves overpass this proportion in consequence of a 
superabundance of food obtained from the soil at that 
period, when the plant requires more food from the air 
letion of its lop 
for the p and for its flower- 
ing and fruiting than the air can supply it with, bloom- 
ing and fruiting will not take place. In many cases, such 
food will merely suffice for the development of leaves, 
is plausible, but the contrary is not. 
standing 
tion of its leaves, a plant does not require more carbonic 
acid from the soil; 
the development of fruit, as, having been prepared by 
the leaves before the period of flowering, have been depo- 
Tubingen. 
