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THE GARDENERS 
CHRONICLE. 
[Ocr. 7, 
696 
(longiflora, coccinea, and rosea), beautiful specimens of several 
varieties.of Thunbergia and Salpiglossis, three Ipomeeas, seven 
Passifloras, as alsoa fine collection of Cape bulbs, and an excellent 
specimen of Arum esculentum, with very large leaves. Not the 
least interesting feature of the Holme gardens is the good feeling 
and professional zeal inspired among the apprentices and jour- 
neymen, by the enthusiasm of the head gardener, Mr. Ross, 
whose ingenuity and to his ploy are un- 
bounded; and much of the harmony which prevails is, no doubt, 
owing to the considerate attention of the proprietor, who has 
furnished each of the workmen with a substantial and neat 
cottage.—Viator.— Inverness Courier. 
Florence Court, the Residence of the Earl of Enniskillen.—On 
the lawns here, are some extremely handsome ornamental dwarf 
Fir-trees ; some of them are about eight feet in height, and the 
branches at the base of the tree extend nearly the same distance, 
These trees form regular pyramids, 
c specimens of the Clanbrazil Firs ; 
the most beautiful in spring when they have begun to 
grow, asthe pale green colour of the young shoots contrasts 
well with the dark green winter foliage, and renders them highly 
interesting and truly beautiful. Their management is to select 
from a young plantation any of the American Firs, either stunted 
plants, or those which have lost their leading shoots, and to plant 
them in a poor moist clay soil, and to shorten back to half their 
length annually all shoots which show a tendency to become 
leaders, 
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IRebiewos. 
Arboriculture: A Paper read before the Geological and 
Polytechnic Society of the West Riding of Yorkshire. 
By James Hamerton, Esq. Leeds: Bains. 8vo. 
Tuts is a pamphlet of two sheets, with five lithographic 
plates. The opinions of the author upon the subject of 
foresting are essentially the same as those which have been 
constantly advocated in our columns, to which he has 
indeed been occasionally a valuable contributor. A neglect 
of early and constant thinning, and a fondness for injudi- 
cious pruning, are the giant evils of our ordinary system 
of mismanaging woodland property; and Mr. Hamerton 
adduces through every page of his pamphlet striking proof 
of the mischief caused by those means. Like us, he does 
not?object to a little pruning when trees are very young ; 
but then only, and in cases of absolute necessity, would 
he permit it. We need not occupy the time of our readers 
with extracts, the matter of which would differ more in 
words than in facts or ideas from many parts of our own 
columns ; but we shall content ourselves with expressing 
our gratification at finding that foresting has so able an 
earnest an advocate. 
Natural History ; a branch of School Education, is a 
small pamphlet (reprinted from the ‘‘ Bible Christian,” for 
Sept., 1843), strongly advocating the introduction of 
Natural History among the studies of children, We per- 
fectly agree with the author in the views he takes upon 
this subject; but fear that it can hardly become a prac- 
ticable measure, until teachers are induced to make them- 
selves acquainted with such matters. To go into the 
whole question, however, would require more space than 
we can at present spare; we shall therefore only quote a 
paragraph from Mr. Patterson’s remarks, and leave them 
for the present to the consideration of our readers. 
“What are the objects to which the child, of his own 
accord, directs his attention? What are the things on 
which he exercises his touch, his sight, his hearing, his 
smell, and his taste; and about which he asks a thousand 
simple, yet often puzzling, questions? They are the 
most common articles of household furniture ; the ordinary 
implements of agriculture; the horse; the cow, with her 
grateful milk and her fragrant breath; the joyful bark of 
the dog; the quiet purring of the cat. They are, in fact, 
the objects which surround him in early life. We are thus 
naturally led to inquire : might not these objects be made 
systematically the means of cultivating the senses and the 
observant powers? Might not every school-room have a 
portion of time devoted to such exercises 5 and ques- 
tion and answer, in quick succession, be made to minister 
both to the improvement and the relaxation of the pupils? 
Might we not, in one word, teach from things rather than 
from books? This principle, if recognised, would admit 
of a great variety of application, suited to the tastes, 
habits, and acquirements of the teachers ; the age, situa- 
tion, and proficiency of the children ; and the local cir- 
cumstances of every different school. It would sanction 
the use of the most common flowrets of our glens, and our 
hedge-rows, as objects of instruction; and gradually lead 
the pupils to 
—: ‘find tongues in trees— 
Books in the running brooks—sermons in stones— 
And good in everything.’ 
It may be permitted, therefore, to inquire by what process 
such a result might be attained? By what means could 
any information on the subjects which are embraced by the 
term ‘ Natural History,” be communicated to those 
whose previous acquirements are often “ poor indeed,” 
and whose future prospects in life are such as to forbid the 
supposition that science can ever form the object of pur- 
suit for its own sake? Is such teaching compatible with 
the school business? Wouldit not interfere with the true 
objects for which the children are sent to school, and for 
which the parents pay? Would the children understand 
it? Would they care about it? And if they did, what 
good would it do them ?”” 
How this is to be done Mr. Patterson next explains, 
pata desde! with much good sense ; but for this we 
must. FapCE-f0- little pamphlet itself. 
I LATELY receiv a I 
to be that. or eres xinid or Achimenes ; the colour was that soft 
fine new conservatory climber, but the letter 
us: ‘I herewith sen flower of Pau- 
se js : 
fn dinpenialis.?? &c. &e. I was taken by surprise, not expecting 
omni ieopeli dis lower with us at least for a year or two to come, 
Sechey 
seeing that it was propagated from mere morsels of the roots and 
y wood within the last two years. I wrote back immediately for 
the particulars of culture, and for permission to publish them, with 
the names of the parties who have thus signalised themselves by 
flowering this splendid tree for the first time in England. In the 
meantime I examined the flower minutely, and compared it with 
Dr. Sichold’s figure and description, and had it not been that the 
same plant flowered in the Jardin des Plantes, at Paris, in the spring 
of 1842, and that the name is acquiesced in by the French botanists, 
I should say that Paulovnia imperialis was yet a desideratum in 
Be this asit may, 
growth, have begun to show their flower-buds, and to cast their 
leaves ; they will then require less water, and in six weeks or two 
faster than we wish, the plants may be set out-of-doors 
frame, to keep them back, as, under this culture, the young wood 
will become perfectly ripened, and the tree rendered much more 
hardy. But, as Mr, Brewster, Mrs. Wray’s successful gardener, 
remarks—‘‘ If you allow these plants large pot-room you are only 
laying the foundation for that great superstructure of wood and foliage 
which can only be ripened in amore fayourable climate than ours ; and 
unless you get the wood wellripened, you must be content with large 
leaves only.’ Last year I kept one of our plants of Paulovnia in 
the stove until it was quite ripe, then inured it by degrees to the open 
air, and by the beginning of July had it planted out in an exposed 
situation in the pleasure-ground, giving it no protection in winter; 
early in May it was in leaf, and about four feet high; after a few 
weeks a strong sucker came up from the collar; I cut down the old 
lant to this sucker early in June last, and now the sucker has 
formed a little tree about 10 feet high, with immense large Rhubarb- 
like leayes. Might not the Catalpa syringzefolia be treated like 
Pauloynia for the sake of its large, trumpet-like flowers ? which are 
produced in abundance in the neighbourhood of London and farther 
south, but are seldom to be met with in colder parts of the country. 
the plants are syringed oyer-head too 
‘oots perish in 
just setting their fruit in the first week in October, and I learned 
‘afterwards that there was a good crop, which began 
February. ‘This house, as far as I can recollect, was 
—]__ Baromermn. Tren 
weapt Max. | Min, 
Frida; 29 29.968 29.937 
Saturday 30] 29.998 | 29.788 
Oct. 
Sunday 1 
Monday 2 
Tuesday 3 
Wednesday 4 
to ripen in | Thursday” 5 
i by Average 
up three strong flower-spikes at Oakfield, treated on the cool system, 
on which I shall have something to say soon. 
GreEennovuse. — We scarcely ever miss a slight frost or two 
between the 15th and 25th of October, and we have all seen at times 
that if our plants and flowers escaped this early frost, they might 
have gone on safe enough for the next month or six wee ept 
ung and soft-wooded plants, there are few greenhouse plants 
that are much hurt by a slight frost late in the autumn ; two or three 
rainy days do them much more harm, and it is really a very bad plan 
to house these plants early. nm never consider some of 
their finer ths safe out-of-doors after August, and they house 
almost all their plants from the middle of September to the middle of 
October; but theirs are all young, and many of 
strongly forced for propagation, and have hardly yet got over the 
fi of the ing-h , 80 that they require carly 
protection. 
JONSERVATORY.—The finest plant that can be placed in this 
house for the next twelvemonths is the Luculia gratissima, the earliest 
of which is now about opening its delightfully fragrant flowers. 
ome of the London propagators are aware that I have i 
menting on this plant for a series of years, trying to 
on which to graft it, as it is very difficult and uncertain to get a large 
stock of them by cuttings. I have at last succeeded, and grafted it 
successfully this season ; but to set their heads to work, I shall not 
say at this time what the stock is, but I shall not fail to do so in due 
time. Meantime a correspondent who is ‘‘ going to manage the top 
of his conservatory next season on the close system, but has no room 
for a stove pit behind,’? & ‘¢. may graft or inarch the whole of the 
assion-flowers on the top of long shoots of the ceerulea, or any 
of the hardy seedlings from it; this will take the tender one ‘‘up 
from the cool stratum ’? at once, and they will all flower as freely as 
in the stove. Echites, Allamanda and Beaumontia next week. 
oun Pirs.—All the Roses that are to be forced on this side of 
Christmas should now be pruned forthwith, and placed in different 
pits, for forcing and protection; at any rate, let no more rain touch 
them this season, it chills and soddens the soil about their roots. A 
good way to begin to force i i surface of an old 
Melon-bed, after removing the soil, 
n 
ce 
bage Roses worked on free stocks of China breeds will thus flower 
three weeks or a month sooner than others on their own roots, or 
on the Dog Rose, because the roots of China Roses begin to grow 
immediately on the first application of bottom-heat, and will always 
keep in advance of the tops, if properly managed as to air. 
LOWER-GARDEN.—The Heliotrope is the first affected by frost; 
many of our tender stoye-plants stand more cold than this. It mi 
seem strange to some to have flower-beds matted over, to save them 
from early frosts, but it has been a regular practice here and in many 
other places for years, and some of the beds next this house, or castle, 
are often sayed till the middle of December. We had a bed of 
Pelargoniums in full flower in the open air last Christmas-day.—D. 
Beaton, Shrubland Park Gardens, Ipswich. 
State of the Weather near London for the week ending Oct. 5, 1843, as 
observed at the Horticultural Garden, Chiswick, 
putting on the lights too early, and then leaving the Vines to their 
fate for five or six weeks, when were found to be breaking 
into leaf, and then it was too late to stop their growth. Any houses 
that are uncovered for a few of the summer months ought to be care- 
fully looked to when covered up, as if they are not properly venti- 
lated at first, the plants may suffer, although not altogether apt to 
TOW. 
Out-door Department. 
We never believe that we are so near winter until we are actually 
into October. ee crops seeding, ripening off, or falling 
into the sear leaf, all through the summer months, and yet think no 
more about winter than if everything was fresh springing up around 
you. Howaltered now! not a leaf that turns yellow and drops from 
yonder bough but asks you if your handglasses are in proper repair, 
for protecting your Cauliflower plants, or your frames cleared out, 
ready to receive Endive and many other things; and, in short, tells 
you plainly that your tactics must now be altogether changed. Tem- 
porary hotbeds, again, must soon be in requisition for Asparagus. 
Nothing can be too good, or out of season, on Lord Mayor’s day, 
the 9th of November. 
4 
are yet as green as Leeks. 
rors.—No one, I presume, will leave their crops of Carrots, 
Parsneps, Potatoes, &c. &c., long now in the ground, if only for the 
sake of getting the ground dug over before wet weather comes on. 
But there is one mixe f crop, viz., weeds, which by some are 
never thought worth gathering after this time, as it is either not 
forward enough, or too far gone, to be touched hefore next spring. 
Orcuarn.—After the fruit is all gathered in there will be a good 
deal of work in the fruit-room for some wecks, arranging, naming, 
and stowing away the late sorts, after they are ascertained to be quite 
8 Large currents of air should be admitted during this time, 
but after this work is finished the fruit-room should be kept close 
and as uniform in temperature as circumstances will allow. The 
next six weeks is the best time to transplant fruit-trees ; but where 
this is impracticable, the fruit-trees ought to be ordered without 
waiting till the ground is ready, as they are sure to ‘ood thus 
early, whereas, if you delay your order until the spring, the stock is 
selected from by so many other customers that you must be content 
with what you can get. 
Il.—FLOWER-GARDEN AND SHRUBBERY. 
In-door Department. 
Srovs.—When stove bulbs are about done growing, water is with- 
held from them by degrees, till at last the leaves turn yellow and die 
; the pots are then turned on their sides, and placed out of the 
way, on shelves near the glass; but where room is scarce, and the 
bulbs are at rest through the winter, they are often shook out of the 
t nearer the glass, 
all shading is of course dispensed with after this time. Lelia 
superbens throws up its flower-stems at the rate of an incha ceed 
they are now upwards of two feet high, and promise to go wu i one 
Ss 
way yet; the base of the lar; 
littie finger” (scapo longissimo multiflora). 
the ‘ #1 tems of this most magnificent plant grow from 9 to 13 
feet long, and carry from 18 to 20 flowers each,”” and that its “ native 
n; fine. 
light showers; fine. 
ne. 
exceedingly fine thronghout; evening clear; overcast at 
night. 
Mean temperature of the week 549 above the average. 
State of the Weather at Chiswick during the last 17 years, for the ensuing 
Week ending October 14, 1843, 
Prevailing Winds. 
Aver. | Aver: | nrean| Worein | Greatest rite 
Oct, [Highest] Lowest | nann| which it | Mantity Sle 
Temp. | Temp. P Mained, | Of Rain. Fe 
Sun. 8 0.68 ins | 3 
Mon. 9 7 0.52 ala 
Tues. 10 6 0.68 22 
Wed. 11 7 0.8L 31 
Thurs.12 9 1.00 6) 2 
Fri. 13 8 0.10 6) 3 
Sat. 14 7 0.50 a} 1 
‘The highest temperature during the above period occurred on the 11th, in 
1832—thermom, 72%; and the lowest on the 14th, 1838—thermom, 26% 
————— 
REPORT ON COVENT-GARDEN MARKET, 
For the Week ending Oct. 6, 1843. 
Tauern has been a good supply of Fruits and Vegetables of 
every kind during the past week ; and they have been, generally 
speaking, of excellent quality. The weather has also been very 
i i i Pines are not so plentiful aS 
Black Ham~- 
burgh Grapes, of good quality, are still sufficient to meet the 
demand, and are offered al 
Plums of good quality continue rather scarce; afew of t 
Golden Drop are still to be seen in the market, and are selling 
at 2s. per punnet. Damsons continue very good and abundant. 
Peaches are sufficient to meet the demand, and are of ee 
Filbel 
verticillata, Rondeletia speciosa, Ixora coccinea, Se 
boldii, Alstroemeria pelegrina, Camellias, Calceolarias, Verbe 
scarlet Pelargoniums, Fuchsias, Dahlias, China and Perpel 
oses, 
mas, 
tual 
PRICES, Sarorpay, October 7,1843.—FRUITS :— 
Pine Apple, per Ib., 3s to 6s i. 
Grapes, hothouse, per Ib., 2s to 48 ee 0 14s i 
Cueumbers, per brace, 410 a 
Gherkins, per 1000, 5s to 7s 
Green Capsicums, per 100, 16 6d to 2 
ed ny | da to BS 
Portugal, per lb. Is to is 6d 
° dozen, Bs to 6s 
Figs, per doz., 35 to Gs: 
Melons, each, 1s 6d to 
4s _ 
” utch, each, 1s to 9s 6d Almonds, per peck, 6s 
os Spanish, each, 4s to 6s Sweet Almonds, per 1b-, 28 6d 
Plums, per punnet, 1s to 25 Nuts, per bushel — 
» Golden Drop, per pun., 28 = Brazil, 168 
Damsors, per sv., 2s 6d to 3s Gd — Hazel, 3s to 4s 
pples, dessert, p. bush. 48 to £8 
Apples, Kitchen, per bush. 28 Gd to 5¢ 
8, per half-sieve, 2s to 7s 
es, per dozen, 1s 6d to 8s 
Per 100,196 to 308 
— Cob, 198 : 
Filberts, English, p 1001bs.,:558 to 60# 
Barberries, per hf-sv., 38 to 44. 
Tomatoes, per hfi-sy., Be to as Gd. 
