THE GARDENERS CHRONICLE. {Nov. 11, 
would have been much better protected from domestic | 
oppression. We should never have heard the odious and 
delusive words ‘over-trading, ‘ over-population,’ and 
‘over-production.’” The following is his account of the 
best governed country in Europe :—‘¢ The Government of 
Prussia is a despotism; but Prussia is probably the best 
governed nation in Europe. Surrounded by more power- 
ful rival nations, and under the constant apprehension of 
either French, or Austrian, or Russian aggression, the 
Government of that country places money in every 
man’s pocket, education in every man’s head, and arms 
in every man’s hand! Such a people cannot be oppressed.’’ 
Cambridge.—There is a rumour that Prince Albert, on 
the resignation of the present Chancellor, the Duke of 
Northumberland, is to be Chancellor of the University. 
It is not generally known to what circumstance the rumour 
owes its origin; but it gains credence throughout the 
University. ‘The Rev. Dr. Hodgson, Master of St. Peter’s | 
College, has been elected Vice-Chancellor for the ensuing 
year. On resigning his office the late Vice-Chancellor, \ 
the Rev. Professor Whewell, delivered a Latin oration in 
the Senate House, lat ° pi event 
which had just taken place, and eulogising the general 
conduct of the Academic body on the occasion of the 
Royal visit. The degree of D.D. has been conferred on 
Archdeacon Lonsdale of King’s College, London, now 
Bishop of Lichfield, by Royal mandate. 
Carmarthen.—A rumour is current that another special 
commission for the trial of the Carmarthenshire pri- 
soners will be sent down after term into this county. It 
appears to have arisen from the fact of the county gaol 
being quite full of Rebecca prisoners, and from one of the 
Treasury solicitor’s clerks being in the town arranging 
the evidence against the prisoners. In many parts of the 
county the late verdict against the Rebecca prisoner 
Hughes, at Cardiff, has excited intense animosity against 
the jury who tried him. It is said that some farmers 
from the more disturbed districts have affected even to be 
incredulous that such a verdict was ever returned by a 
Welch jury. So far as an opinion can be formed at pre- 
sent, however, the severity of the sentence appears to 
have had a salutary effect, whilst it has, at the same time, } 
excited universal commiseration for the culprit. The \ 
prisoners themselves have issued an address calling on 
others to take warning by their fate, and to stop in their 
course before they fall into their condemnation. They 
say, ‘ We are guilty, and doomed to suffer, while hun- 
dreds have escaped ; let them and every one take care not 
to be deluded again to attack public or private property 
and resist the power of the law; for it will overtake them 
with vengeance and bring them down to destruction. We 
are only in prison now, but in a week or two shall be 
banished as rogues, to be slaves to strangers in a strange 
land. We must go in the prime of life from our dear x 
homes to live and labour with the worst of villains, looked 
upon as thieves. Friends, neighbours, all, but especially 
said to be the intention of the new proprietor to render 
the Colosseum one of the most attractive places of amuse- 
ment in the metropolis. 
The Wood Paving in Cheapside.—It will be remem- 
" —- os 
several of the ministers, judges, ambassadors, &c. were 
present. Sir R. Peel returned thanks for the toast of 
“Her Majesty’s Ministers,”’ which was received with 
Lo 
course of the evening. Sir G. Murray returned thanks 
for the Army, and Chief Justice Tindal for the Judges. 
Gresham College. {The ceremony of re-opening 
Gresham College, in the new building in Basinghall-street, 
took place last week. This institution, as is generally 
known, was founded in the reign of Queen Elizabeth by 
Sir Thomas Gresham, who bequeathed his own mansion 
in Broad-street, which covered a space as large as that now 
occupied by the Bank of England, with a suitable endow- 
ment, for the purposes of the college. In that building, 
which escaped the great fire of London, the college rose 
to great eminence : the most distinguished names in Eng- 
land were numbered among its professors, whose lectures 
were attended by crowds of the respectable classes. In 
1767, the site of the building was selected by Government 
for the erection of a new Excise-office, and it was accord- 
ingly surrendered by the trustees of the college, on con- 
sideration of a perpetual annuity of 5007. ; the trustees 
agreeing to pay 1,800/. towards the expense of pulling 
down their own building. This extraordinary transaction 
had the effect of ruining the college. A small room in the 
Royal Exchange, capable of holding some 25 persons, 
‘was allotted to the professors for the delivery of their lec- 
tures, and the consequence was, that the lectures ceased 
to be delivered, and the appointments became sinecures. 
When the Exchange was burnt a few years since, the 
preparations for rebuilding it directed attention to the 
state of Gresham College. A claim was made on its be- 
half for suitable accommodation in the Royal Exchange ; 
but the matter was settled by the erection of the spacious 
and handsome building which was opened last week. 
The lecture-hall, where the ceremonial took place, will 
i conveniently accommodate about 600 persons. The Lord 
i Mayor was present in state, with several of the civic func- 
i tionaries, the members of the Gresham committee, &c. 
| After prayer by the Rev. Dr. Birch, a hymn was sung by 
i the vocal band assembled for the musical part of the cere- 
| mony. The academical business of the college was then 
commenced by the Rev. J. Pullen, Professor of Astronomy, 
who delivered a lecture on that science, to which he gave 
the character of an address to the audience on the occa- 
sion which had brought them together. In giving a gene- 
ral and popular view of the progress of modern astronomy, 
he “pointed out the large share which Gresham College 
had in this progress, from the labours and discoveries of 
those who had beenits professors. After this address 
a concert was given under the direction of Professor 
Taylor, in which Mr. Phillips, Miss Rainforth, and other 
well-known vocalists, took part. 
Court of Aldermen.—In consequence of the late pro- 
ceedings in the parish of St. Stephen’s, Walbrook, it is 
rumoured in the ward that Alderman Gibbs’s friends are 
likely to induce him to resign his gown, and that Messrs. 
Flight, Travers, and Pilcher will become candidates to 
succeed him. It is also said to be the intention of the 
inhabitants to nominate Mr. Rock, of Walbrook, asa 
Common Councilman. 
Reform Club.—On Monday evening a trial was made 
between the Bude and Faraday Lights, fixed for that 
purpose in two of the libraries of the Reform Club. 
‘There were present several scientific persons, and many 
gentlemen connected with the club, The result of the 
experiment was in favour of the Bude Light as to brilliancy 
of illumination, ventilation, and freedom from heat. The 
Bude gave a light equal to 30 argands, and lighted the 
room perfectly at every point. The Faraday Light con- 
t sisted of 18 lights, and the smoke of the gas was carried 
q off by tubes. The heat increased six degrees after the 
N] Faraday was lighted, and it was of a subdued tone, and 
not so brilliant as the Bude Light. 
} The Nelson Monument.—Mt. Bailey’s statue of Lord 
ij Nelson, which was exhibited last week within the inclo- 
i sure in Trafalgar-square, has at length reached its ultimate 
1 destination on the top of the column, erected after the 
(i design of Mr. Railton, The statue was taken to pieces 
jn order to facilitate its elevation, The legs and lower 
part of the trunk were raised on Friday, after six hours’ 
labour, and the upper portion was raised on Saturday. 
i The arm was also in the course of the day united to the 
| body, and the whole completed. At present the scaffold- 
ing prevents the spectators in the street from judging of 
H the appearance of the figure ; nothing put the cocked 
if hat can be distinctly seen, the whole being surrounded 
i with scaffolding and pieces of timber. The statue faces 
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Perring’s system, on the ground that it was an infringe- 
ment of the patent of the former company. Since that 
occurrence it appears that an amicable arrangement has 
been effected between the pani the injuncti 
is ordered to be forthwith dissolved. The result of this 
arrangement is that the work will be resumed and the 
whole of Cheapside pleted, from B h to St. 
Paul’s, with Perring’s patent. 
St. Stephens, Walbrook.—A meeting of the vestry, 
adjourned from the 26th ult., was held on Wednesday. 
Mr. Rock was called to the chair, and informed the vestry 
that he had entered a bill on the file of Chancery on Satur- 
day, and that Alderman Gibbs would be legally bound to 
give a decisive answer in a month at furthest. After some 
remarks from Mr. Howitt, relative to the ‘ garbled 
#ecounts’”’ furnished by Ald. Gibbs, Mr. Horner demanded 
his authority for stating that those accounts were garbled. 
He was a friend of the Alderman, and was sorry that he 
had not adopted a more straightforward course ; but he 
could assure the meeting that the select vestry was now 
busily and industriously looking over the accounts of the 
last eighteen years, and he would pledge his honour that 
these accounts would be furnished to the parish in a 
printed form in a week or so. The world would then see 
that Alderman Gibbs was untarnished, and that he had 
acted throughout the whole time of his stewardship in a 
satisfactory and honest manner. He begged that gentle- 
men who had made that room an arena for the purpose of 
showing off their talents would dispose themselves to 
silence. It was then resolved to adjourn for a further 
period, to give the Alderman an opportunity of making 
good his promise. 
Kensinglon.—The magistrates for this division of Mid- 
dlesex assembled in special sessions on Monday, to take 
into consideration an application from Mr. Morland for a 
license for the Royal Kent Theatre in High-street. A 
recommendation was read signed by the churchwardens, 
overseers, and a number of the inhabitants of the town 
and neighbourhood, that the theatre should be licensed, 
together with a petition against the license being granted, 
signed by the vicar and other clergymen of different deno- 
minations resident in the parish, and by a number of the 
leading and most influential inhabitants. After a long 
discussion, the magistrates decided on refusing the license. 
Mortality of the Metropolis.—The number of deaths 
registered in the week ending Saturday, October 28, was as 
follows :—West Districts, 159 ; North Districts, 174; 
Central Districts, 223; East Districts, 269; South Dis- 
tricts, 291; Total, 1116 (males, 567; females, 549). 
Weekly average for the last five years, 903 (461 males, 442 | we must, and you may suffer, before you dare to do 
females) ; and for the last five autumns 908, as we have done. If you will be peaceable and live 
—— ad again like honest men, by the blessing of God you 
Brobincial “Weis. may expect to prosper, and we—poor outcast wretches 
Birmingham.—Mr, Attwood, formerly Lite for this 
town, has published an address to the inhabitants, in * 4 
which feed to recommend a sort of revival of the au pity be shown: to) ue of ouhersyay Homay tale ones | 
« Birmingham Union,”’ for the purpose of returning to a a hopeless sicuabiony. #2 a } 1 | 
paper currency. The following gives some intimation of wae is atspresentiin) an CCCs ee a eee tolls 
his view of the present state of affairs :—‘‘ Ihave been ex- ars in that county have been destroyed. The rioters 
have also had recourse to incendiary fires, and no less than 
twelve fires took place in one night last week in the neigh- 
bourhood of Ruthin. The Royal commission has been 
daily occupied since the 25th ult. Allits meetings have 
been conducted in privacy, as far as relates to the press. | 
The following is a succinct account of its proceedings :— 
‘A strict and methodical inquiry into the accounts of the 
various trusts in Carmarthenshire has hitherto been the 
principal object of the commissioners, but this employ~ 
ment has been almost daily varied by applications or com 
plaints from individuals, or parochial deputations relating 
to various subjects of alleged grievance, of a local or 
general nature. As the commissioners had invited inform- 
ation from all parties who could elucidate the causes of the 
recent outbreak, or who laboured under any grievance 
which called for redress, they have given audience to 
persons of all stations, including county magistrates, 
trustees of tolls, clergy, farmers, guardians of the poory 
and others. The same topics have been adverted to by 
many different parties, as constituting the principal 
sources of complaint. Among these are—Ist. The turn- 
pike system—the number and expensiveness of the gates 
and bars—the inconvenience caused by the contiguity of 
several trusts crossing each other and competing for toll, 
to the public cause; they have at last brought the owners 
ofland nearly into a community of suffering and of feeling 
with the unhappy owners of labour. Those great altera- 
tions have already produced the disturbances in Wales, 
and the Repeal proceedings in Jreland, and they are at 
this moment rendering the payment of the rent of land 
literally impossible much longer in England under our 
present taxation and our present monetary laws. Hither 
the taxation must give way, or the rent of land must 
give way, or the monetary laws, which strangle industry, 
must give way. To use my old phrase, either the burdens 
must be cut down to a level with the means, or the means 
must be lifted up to a level with the burdens. I think, 
therefore, that a great opportunity has now arisen in 
which all classes may possibly be induced to unite in one 
common effort to relieve the common suffering and avert 
the common danger. If not, I much fear that the doom 
af da: countey 6 writin ore; ton oes atkecemacvor | © Nie. aeet Saeonralench oF hs The ata 
wealth in excess :—‘¢In my humble judgment, founded tones tae. the point of contact. 2. The working of sa 
upon long reflection, and the experience of history, all eae cane particularly with reference to the salaries i" 
Governments, of whatever kind, or however composed, | ) ie G ne peuetingy and other officers of unions. ue 
whether republican, despotic, or limited, have a tendency Sat A eects were urged by a deputation fone 
to use the power of lated wealth in oppressing and F i Sf anartbney, consisting of the Rev. H. ie 
defrauding productive industry. From this great principle ae ome of, ee principal cere ee Pe bere a 
proceeds the decline and fall of nations. The ancient | volute recurrence to the principles of the old system of 
poor-laws was also advocated by some, though they did 
not appear willing to adopt all the conditions of the former 
practice. They thought that the justices had then too 
much power, but that guardians had now too little. The 
increase of the burden of tithes by the working of the 
Commutation Act is another subject on which several 
representations had been made to the commissioners, wh0 . 
o | bave inquired into the details of some cases mentioned to 
Swiss Cottage are to undergo an entire change and it is | protect them from foreign aggression, the English people them, The undue expenditure of the county rate and the 
Charing-cross, and has its back turned towards the Na- 
tional Gallery. The elevation of the statue was conducted 
in a very quiet manner, and it was hardly known that it 
i was in process of being carried up until it had attained 
} its utmost point. A flag-staff was then erected which 
; reached above the head of the figure, and from it was dis- 
fatal tendency of things. Such men as Solon and Lycurgus 
occasionally succeeded, and for a time arrested the moral 
ruin. But ultimately the power of accumulated wealth 
prevailed, and dogged those glorious republics to untimely 
graves.’’ Mr. Attwood says that no man has done more 
than he has to put the navy of England in fighting order, 
and he adds :—* Yet I cannot conceal from my mind the 
produce a pictorial exhibition to succeed the great picture 
of London, which will occupy Mr, Stanfield’s Hecnt tio 
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} for nearly twelve months. The Conservatory and the | truth, that if the English Government had no navy t 
