1848.] 
-THE GARDENERS” ‘CHRONICLE, - 
209 
described by letters to the right of each name, as ¢ for 
trailing, 6 for branching, and w for upright. ty ot 
it appears to me that: the ‘tuberous roots spread : rapidly 
by. the formation of lateral eyes ; so that after some years, 
Height | if the plants have not been removed, they will form large, 
NAME. Sohal’) fect. fatenne bushes. The seeds ripen in fetes and if eee 
exes ‘ se i diately they will come up the following year. They 
gératum mexicanum b 6 4 5 .| pale blue 2 ° * + 
HariGhin carer omnes bo oe & yellow 14 «| May be sown either in the open ground, in a shady peat 
Brachycome iberidifélia 6. blue 1 border, or in pots. |The stronger seedlings will bloom in 
Calandrinia Geel th 4 AFR glean ents EO purple} 2 the thir@ season, From what has here been said, it may 
Calliopsis bicolor & aed Shwe acters Dane x be seen’ that there is no difficulty in cultivating this hand- 
oi atrosanguinea 6 a ‘s dark red 2 some tribe of plants. It is well worth the trouble to grow 
ceils eatin aul biped oie aE Sal i the better species for our flower-borders, as they add 
‘ ETCH ils raga pahnle : greatly to the beauty of spring nosegays. 
Clarkia pulchellab =} se rose 1 > CORRESPONDE 
yi id geting s BIBENO™ 5. 96 ph dl SRY onlay of ornbiite 1 “HOME CORRESPONDENCE. 
ees aacnae ee as We i English and Scotch Farmers.—Is it not too much the 
NIRMCIAESM ECE he SA eM eee ive: ‘ fashion of the day to eulogise the Scotch at the expense 
Collinsia bicolor b.  . e wh. & p. ig | of the English farmer? Before writers embark in such 
rphente eee PR on sean purple v adulation, they should make themselves well acquainted 
x5 Migganicue’ ui ; Paka : with the grounds on which they found their praise. In 
Erysimum Peroffskianum 6 . orange 13 making the comparison, do they consider the causes of 
Etitoca viscida 4. , plue 1 the difference of rent paid by the farmers of the two 
” Bs CS Q italy a nations? Do they allow for the difference in the size of 
Car tai aes oe ee EES tine ‘ the acre, the Scotch being about a fifth larger than the 
es alba Ae ie ee Do White 1 English? Do they allow for the difference caused by 
Godétiarubicunda 6. «eS |_sprple 1 tithe and poors’-rate ? Both heavy items, affecting rents, 
” eet Hoa aa eer ene rove DUP 4 as hitherto calculated in England, and almost unknown in 
eTeemucityanateic: fut Ms : Scotland. Do they allow for the great advantages the 
Hibiscus africanus 6. wes crea’ 14 | Scotch farmer reaps from his long lease, which enables 
eG amelloides ¢ iy wet ete yellow 1 him to turn whatever capital or energy he may possess to 
AN NO ROE Clg ee eae eae : the greatest benefit?—a position of which the English 
Limnanthes Douglasii ¢ pers Seow a farmer is debarred. I would, in the next place, inquire 
i . a | blue 0 what great discoveries the Scotch farmer has made, or in 
” prdcilis A at) ere Be | what consists the i of his arrang or plans 
Hs » rosea t be Pa abertc, S02: band : of operation? Thorough draining and subsoil-ploughing 
Lotus Jacobeus¢ . wan black i are claimed for Scotland. Have they not been practised 
Lupinus ers Kit b Sagas various 3 in some of the south-eastern counties of England for 
eet ae : Oe sage Sa - pane 2 more than a hundred years? And here I admit the 
Mélope grandiflora. lt eave ies English are deserving of reproof. Why should the 
Mesembryanthemum tricolor¢ -| crimson 3 | practice be confined so long to these few counties? 
Soe Dhaseloid pais blue 1 because the English character is not national enough 
2?) stoma heel ea ‘ to spread the information, and claim for its people every 
Nolana atripliciféliat .  . blue 1 new discovery made in any of its isolated localities. The 
> paral wn the blu 1 Scotch pursue a different course, and one that deserves to 
Piducipemiacantenbter es: 2 eet purple it be imitated: they no sooner hit upon a discovery, or 
Platystemon califGrnicum ¢ . cream 3} | adopt an imp from their neighb than it is 
Phlox Drumméndiit .  . yarious | 14 | published in all their local newspapers, and claimed as a 
Péttulaca Thellusénit : crimvon 8 Proot of there EE oa he nehonn, pride 
aplenden’ & us leading to a public benefit. Did they not so borrow 
Sanvitélia procumbens ¢ 5 Tallow : and appropriate Hieearenines wedge-draining, drill-hus- 
Schizanthus pinnatus > 3 lilac 38 bandry, and green crops? Have they at all improved on 
Be Priest pie Reiter sen ates 7 the plans thus imported? In the hot southern counties 
Schizopétalon Walkérii ¢ 5 eaiiis 1 of England, Turnips cannot be grown advantageously on 
Pere 2 speciosa orange 1 drills; and how aScotch farmer laughs at the southern 
nnia grandifioraw . . «+ purple 1t | broad-cast, forgetting, or rather not knowing, that it 
os coccinea w Se eee ie requires the cold moist climate of the north of England 
” »  Purptreaw . . . «| purple ig | and Scotland to grow them in drills. Witness the effects 
9 . eee 2 {lt purple 7 14 of last summer’s heat on these roots in Scotland, where 
Cusine Pants. they were as much injured by blight as usually they are 
Eccremocarpus scaber . 6 0. orange | 10 in the south of England ; and no doubt, were the Scotch 
Raa dar courilens Ae blue 6 farmers annually subject to such summers, they would be 
ia - Sndereonihe area pink ac glad to resort to broad-cast tillage to have a crop at all. 
Mauréndya Barclayana. . 5 purple 6 Tn this case the climate, not the mind, directs the practice. 
». Semperflorens .  . pink 6 By-the-by, is blight in Turnips the red spider that so 
Thunbérgia alata Veg) Gey butt 6 annoys the gardener ? I almost fancy it is, as the first 
7 Uso ayeentiaeas 725: satce a rain in the autumn putsa stop to its progress, as moisture 
Trope’olum pelegrinum. . +. « yellow 10 kills the spider in the Melon-frame. Then as to Wheat. 
Ipomeea rubro-ceertilea é ist oe blue 10 Excepting in those favourite districts, the Lothians and 
2 uemecue ‘ eee 4 the Carse of Gowrie, have not the Scotch farmers nearly 
eee |__© _ | given up its culture ? Have they not found it a loss rather 
Many more might be added to this list, and it must be 
recollected that old kinds, such as Ten-week Stocks, 
Asters, Marigolds, &c. &c., are by no means unworthy of 
notice; in fact there is scarcely any plant which makes so 
fine a bed as the old double pot Marigold.—W. P. Ayres. 
REMARKS ON THE CULTURE OF TRILLIUM. 
By Freperick Orro, (Translated from the German.) 
Turse may be numbered among the many beautiful 
spring plants which decorate our flower-gardens. Although 
distinguished in a great degree by their elegant blossoms 
and curious form, they are only found singly, and not in 
such large numbers as to create masses of flowers. The 
ease with which they may be cultivated, renders them 
suitable for every garden. In Loudon’s Hortus Britannicus 
and in its supplement, 15 species are mentioned as being 
grown in English gardens; it is doubtful, however, 
whether they are really to be found there, although they 
can be brought over from North America without much 
difficulty. It is the same with English gardens as with 
Many more ; old plants become replaced by others, more 
new indeed, but less interesting and beautiful; and thus, 
during the last twenty years, many have been lost which 
Were once the ornament of our gardens. 
C. Sprengel, in his ‘‘ Systema vegetabilium,” introduces 
14 species; T. H. Schultes, in the “* Syst. Veg.,” vol. vii., 
thana gain? Next, let me introduce their ploughs—their 
far-famed ploughs, of which they boast so much. Were 
they not tried at the great agricultural meeting the year 
before last at Liverpool, and last year at Bristol, and in 
both instances found wanting? requiring nearly twice the 
draught of the poor despised English plough. Next, com- 
pare the cheese, the butter, and the hams of Scotland with 
those of England. Does not their value stand fully twenty 
per cent. lower in the market ?—the place of all others 
where quality finds its level. I might go farther, and 
show the deficient practice of the Scotch farmer in breed- 
ing and feeding ; but I hope I have already said enough 
to induce reckless writers and speakers at public meetings 
to reconsider the subject before advancing such erroneous 
comparisons.—@@ - [Our opinions upon this subject are 
recorded at page 160, of the present year.] 
Cattle.—I observe at p. 157 that “C.D.” says, ‘ that 
sheep kept in the same pasture with cows do not injure 
the butter.” In this he is much mistaken, for a house- 
keeper, who has had 30 years’ experience in the dairy, 
informed me that she could tell by the nauseous flavour 
of the butter, when sheep had been feeding in the same 
park as the cows, particularly if it was dry weather. In 
this case there was neither an Ash-tree nor garden-refuse 
art 2, mentions 17; and Steudel, in the ‘“ N 1 
Botanicus (1841), 21 species of Trillium. In the most 
recent North American trade catalogues of plants, we 
only find from 6 to 8 species, and these not always cor- 
rectly named, so that it is difficult to obtain them. 
Seven species are cultivated in our gardens: namely, 
Trillium sessile Z., erythocarpum Micha, (pictum Pursh) 
pusillum Miche (pamilum Push), cérnuum Z,, erectum 
es (rhombéideum Michx), péndulum W., and grandi- 
orum. Salish. Their cultivation is very simple. They 
Eon freely in the open air without covering, in shady 
ae and in a mixture composed of marsh or heath soil 
nze aus river sand. They bloom abundantly every 
sae in April and May, and are a great ornament to our 
gardens, As far as my knowledge of these species extends, 
the parish of North Somercotes, i a 
‘was granted to Endimion Porter, Esq., one of his then 
Majesty’s gentlemen of the royal bedchamber, which 
marsh land retains, to this day, its name of ‘ Porter's 
Marsh.” This land or marsh was subject to jnundations, 
at particular times of the year, (the Equinoxes,) by the 
sea; but by an act passed in the year 1630, an embank- 
ment was made by which the sea was effectually kept out, 
and a considerable quantity of very valuable and rich land 
was recovered, a part of which forms the subject of this 
‘ 
article. This property has at various times fallen into 
different hands, and amongst the rest, a considerable por- 
tion, say 900 acres, came into the possession of the Earl 
of Yarborough, who a short time ago offered the whole of 
this property, together with a considerable tract of land 
called the ‘* Fitties,’’ or derelict land, said to contain 400 
acres and upwards, for sale, when the whole was purchased 
by Messrs. Pyr and Waite, two solicitors of Louth. 
They soon made the property change hands in convenient 
lots to a pretty ble profit to lves, reserving 
about 100 acres of ‘‘ Porter's Marsh,” and the whole of 
the “ Fitties,” or rich ‘ Salt Marsh.” These enterprising 
gentlemen are now about to inclose the whole of these 
“ Fitties,”” or “Salt Marsh,” by raising a considerable 
embankment; Mr. Charles Orme, of Louth, has been 
engaged some time for the purpose of surveying and level- 
ling the same; and it is understood that he has already 
completed that portion of the works. A public notice 
has likewise appeared, advertising the works to be finished 
by contract. They are to be commenced early in the 
ensuing month. There cannot be the slightest doubt but 
that this land, or rich salt marsh, as soon as inclosed, 
will become of first-rate quality. This part of the coast 
is well known to mariners by the name of ‘‘ Donna Nook,” 
supposed to take its name from the circumstance of the 
first body washed on shore on that part after a severe 
storm. When the embankment is finished, it is determined 
to inclose a similar but more extensive tract of land in 
the adjoining parish of Granithorpe ; thus affording ample 
employment for some time to come to a number of poor, 
and a considerable profit to the undertakers.— An occa- 
sional Reader. 
Effects of Ammoniacal Liquor on Grass.—About this 
time last year I tried the following experiments with 
ammoniacal liquor from the gas-works, and I send you the 
result for the Chronicle:—I watered my lawn with 
ammoniacal liquor, diluted from half-and-half to nine- 
tenths water. The moss was everywhere destroyed. In 
many places, as might be supposed from the strength of 
the mixture, the grass also. Not so the daisies, plaintains, 
and other weeds. Those places where the grass was de- 
stroyed are without a blade at the present moment. So 
far this might have been foreseen, but I did not antici-~ 
pate that the entire lawn would be again, in so short a 
time, covered with moss ; nor do I perceive the grass in 
any part to be improved, more abundant, or different from 
what it was before the application. Under these circum- 
stances, I now propose to weed it, rake it, and sow it with 
Curly (crested) Dog’s-tail, and Dutch clover, and strew a 
little fresh mould over it. Can you suggest anything 
better? I presume that wood-ashes would be detrimental 
after the dressing of ammoniacal liquor, which I take to 
have the like qualities._/V.W.—[On the contrary, we 
would advise wood-ashes and soot. The effects of gas- 
water, unfixed, are transient, but always, as far as our 
experience goes, important at first. 
Soot as a@ Manure for Pines.—Have any of your corre- 
spondents ever tried soot as a manure for Pines? Iam 
induced to ask this question by observing the other day, 
whilst shifting my Pines, a plant with the roots very much 
matted at the bottom, and altogether in a more vigorous 
state than the others. On further examination, I disco- 
vered that by some oversight it had been placed in a pot 
containing a small quantity of soot.—Serutator. 
Bees.—To know that Bees’ eggs are transmutable is of 
greater importance to Bee-keepers than they are aware of, 
Were I not about to make a few remarks on the manage- 
ment of Bees, I would not now place my opinion in oppo- 
sition to that of Mr. Wighton, who, with Bonner, seems 
to think that different food or treatment cannot change 
the sex of Bees. Perhaps he is not aware that proprietors 
of sheep may, at their option, by means of different food 
and treatment, have a greater increase of male than of femal 
lambs, and vice versd. In the ‘ Quarterly Journal of 
Agriculture ”’ it is said that, ‘‘ When animals are in g00' 
condition, plentifully supplied with food, and kept from 
breeding as fast as they might do, they are most likely to 
produce females. But if they are in a bad climate, or on 
stinted pasture, Nature sets limits to the increase of the 
race, and produces more males than females.” Nohuman 
being can undertake to say how Nature works in changing 
the sex ; it is far beyond the reach of our limited percep- 
tion. Our question is, however,—Are Bees’ eggs trans- 
mutable? Mr. Wighton says, “‘ It is‘more likely that the 
queen owes her development to the size of the cell in 
which she was reared than to a mixture termed royal 
jelly, administered by the Bees ; still it is open to ob- 
jection,” &c. Very open, indeed; for the queen Bee is 
14 days only in the cell, whereas the common Bee is 
21 days. Hence I affirm, without fear of having my 
position overturned, that there is something put into the 
cell that accelerates the growth of the queen. Mr. W. 
says, ‘‘ Bees may have eggs in store that produce queens 5 
this, however, is not very likely ;’’ for, he might have 
added, that the Bees could not sit on them without hatch- 
ing them. “ Huber asserts,” continues Mr. W., “ that 
working Bees deposit eggs which may, in such cases, 
produce dead Bees.” One experiment will suffice to 
show that the change of gender takes place from some- 
thing added to the egg or grub by the Bees. When from 
one of, the first two swarms we take away the queen, the 
day after they are put into empty hives, we find that the 
queenless swarm, after searching one, two, or three days, 
begin to make royal cells by adding wax to common cells 
(Mr. W. erred in saying that they are not so deep as royal 
cells generally are); and put a white, milky, gelatinous 
substance around the eggs or grubs, which substance is 
never used for common Bees. And now comes the cli- 
max. This queenless swarm rears a queen or queens 
from an egg or eggs in 14 days—-7 days sooner than_the 
