ee 
11843.) 
THE GARDENERS’ CHRONICLE. 91 
jects of the two nations are to enjoy all the privileges 
in either country to which they would be entitled in their 
own.—The St. Petersburgh papers contain a detailed 
official report on the loss of the Engermanland, ship of 
war, on the Norwegian coast, which was fully noticed by 
us at the time. From it we learn that the Gottenburgh 
Journal, from which the first account of this misfortune 
was translated into the other journals of Europe, did not 
state the particulars correctly, but gave them merely as 
they had been collected from rumour. The crew is now 
acquitted of every kind of biame in theaffair. The Com- 
mission appointed to try the case laid down the following 
questions for solution :—‘'1. Was the loss of the ship 
ioned by the der’s non-observance of the 
naval rules? 2, After the ship sprung a leak, were all 
the proper measures for saving her and the crew adopted? 
. Has the captain been guilty of the offence of abandon- 
ing the ship? 4. Did the conduct of the officers and the 
behaviour of the crew correspond in all respects with their 
several duties?’ The report states that, ‘In respect of 
the first question, neglect of the nautical regulations can 
by no means be laid to the charge of Captain Tresskin, 
and the loss of the ship can be attributed only to an 
unfortunate accident. On the second question the an- 
swer was unanimous, that all had been done that it was 
possible to do in such acase. With respect to the third 
question, it was also the unanimous opinion of all the 
officers and crew, that the captain, when he fell overboard, 
did not leave the ship voluntarily. To the fourth ques- 
tion it was replied, that all the officers of every rank, and 
all the crew without any exception had completely per- 
formed their duties, and that the commission could not 
fail to observe with satisfaction the very remarkable 
maintenance of discipline, of which similar cases seldom 
afford example,’’ The report contains a list of the crew, 
from which it appears that 503 were saved and 389 
drowned. 
Turkny.—Letters from Constantinople of the 17th 
ult. have been received. They are chiefly occupied with 
two innovations, which may almost be called events in 
Turkey, so great is the surprise they have created. The 
first occurred on the occasion of the procession of the 
Sultan in the Courban Beiram from the Seraglio to one 
of the principal mosques, ‘That ancient palace, more es- 
pecially at the time of religious ceremonies, when occu- 
pied by the Sultan, is guarded with extreme jealousy by 
Mussulmans, the available troops of the capital being ga- 
thered around it for its ostensible protection, and at no 
former Beiram was any Frank ever known to have entered 
within its walls. At the opening of the Beiram just con- 
cluded, and when a vast population thronged the vicinity 
of the imperial entrance to witness the procession of the 
Sultan at sunrise, Sir S. and Lady Canning, in an English 
carriage, with postillions and outriders, drove up to the 
archway, and, after a countersign had been exchanged, at 
Once entered the palace with every observance of military 
honours. The second innovation took place in the Impe- 
rial Palace: the Sultana Valedé (mother of the Sultan) 
having heard much of the Italian Opera, expressed a de- 
sire to witness a representation, A small theatre was 
therefore erected in the Palace, and the director of the 
Pera Opera was ordered to prepare Belisario for the gra: 
tification of the imperial harem. ‘This opera was selected 
from its connection with the ancient history of Constan- 
tinople. The representation took place with the full dra- 
matis persone and orchestra, in presence of the Sultana 
mother and all her ladies, together with many others he- 
to 1,000; the other brigades did not escape ; the 2d some- | Amoy, Ningpoo, and Shanghae ; and their ships are to 
times averaging 100 sick men per regiment, and in the | have places for repairs. Hong Ki i 
4th small-pox was very prevalent. The rivers of the | petuity as a colony to Great Britain, and the Hong, or 
Punjaub were crossed without trouble—three of them monopoly merchants are to be abolished. Sir H. Pote 
being provided with pontoon bridges. The Seikhs ap- | tinger was expected to arrive at Hong Kong towards the 
pear to have behaved in a civil and orderly manner, and | end of November or beginning of December, in order to 
to have brought in provisions for the force, which they | carry on the negotiations respecting the commercial tariff, 
disposed of at reasonable rates. Many and frequent dif- | The Commander-in-Chief, Sir Hugh Gough, intended to 
ferences arose between the officers of the force during the | sail for Calcutta in the beginning of December. Several 
march ; and it excited general regret that those who had | of the Tegiments appear to have suffered severely from 
fought so well together should disagree while returning | sickness. The Chinese were repairing all their fortifications. 
from the scene of their exploits. ‘he old jealousy be- | It would appear that, on the arrival of Sir H. Pottinger 
tween Generals Pollock and Nott appears to have revived ; | at Hong Kong, negotiations are to be commenced with 
as General Nott tendered resignation of the command of | the Chinese Commissioners, for the purpose of settling 
his division, which, however, the Commander-in-Chief | the details of our future commercial arrangements. The 
refused to accept, uarrel also took place between Bri- | conferences are to take place on the island of Lantao, half 
gadier Wild and Colonel Moseley, and the latter gentleman | way between Canton and Hong Kong, where prepara- 
was for some time under arrest. The matter, however, | tions have already been made for the reception of the Chi- 
was eventually settled by the mediation of General | nese officers. It is reported to be the opinion of the 
M'‘Caskill. On Lord Ellenborough’s arrival at Lodianah, Viceroy, that Americans and other foreigners will hence- 
he received Dost Mahomed, and quietly dismissed him; | forth be admitted to the same privileges as those con- 
a course d to be far bletothe proposed plan | ferred on the British by the new treaty ; and it seems 
of making the Chief present himself before a public durbar. | that, on the arrival of the commissioners, a notification 
Among the events which engrossed the attention of the | to this effect is likely to be issued. Before leaving Nan- 
Indian journals during the month of December, the | kin, the Imperial Commissioners gave a grand entertain- 
proclamation by Lord Ellenborough, addressed “to his | ment toa great many officers of the Navy and Army, dur- 
brothers and his friends the princes, and chiefs, and | ing which professions of the most friendly feelings on both 
people of India,” respecting the Gates of Somnauth, | sides were not wanting ; and we learn that whenever 
and already so notorious in England, had given rise to | English officers went on shore the people behaved very 
the most extraordinary comments. It appears to have | peaceably. Shanghae has been visited by several of 
met with no favour in any quarter. Even the Bombay | them, and all speak in the highest terms of the beauty of 
Times, the paper which has hitherto supported his Lord- | its situation, and of the advantages it is likely to offer as 
ship’s policy in all particulars, declares, that “from one | a place of trade. The Chinese themselves seem to anti- 
end of India to the other there is nota single journal | cipate the future intercourse with foreigners, and the Bto- 
which has not made it the subject of the severest cen- | fits they are likely to derive therefrom, with considerable 
sure, of scorn, or of ridicule. The unanimity of the | satisfaction ; and behave, mandarins as well as common 
press has been absolute—and no marvel; that of the | people, with great politeness towards their visitors. The 
public has been, we have no doubt, the same. When it | house occupied by Captain Balfour, the Consul-General, 
reached the Supreme Council, it is said to have nearly | is spoken of as beautifully situated. At Chusan, all sorts 
convulsed them with laughter.” It appears, also, that | of provisions were plentiful and cheap, European as well 
the Temple of Somnauth is in ruins. The only records | as Chinese ; and the sickness which the force had brought 
of its destruction are in the Persian language, and re- | with it from the Yang-tsze-keang was diminishing, 
moved from the knowledge of the Hindoos. The popula-|  Unirep Srares.— Within the last few days a pam- 
tion of the place is Mussulman, and the little that re- phlet, on the treaty lately concluded by Lord Ashburton, 
mains of the temple itself is converted into a Mahomedan | has been published by Mr. Featherstonhaugh, one of the 
mosque. The following extract from the journal just | commissioners appointed a few years since to examine 
quoted gives some curious particulars on this point ;— the disputed territory. Ina postscript to this pamphlet, 
“* The gates whose recovery appears, from the proclama- | Mr. Featherstonhaugh states that, since the work was 
tion, to have been the principal object of the war, were | sent to press and made ready for publication, ‘* an unex- 
taken, according to a dubious tradition, some forty years pected piece of information has transpired, so vitally con- 
before the date of the Norman Conquest, from the Temple | nected with the late negotiations at Washington, that the 
of Somnauth, in Guzerat, where, for 400 years, a mosque | author, even after the pamphlet has been announced for 
has existed, and where the population is now entirely | sale, felt himself compelled, by its unparalleled import. 
Mahomedan. For 800 years they have been attached | ance, to lay it before the world.” ‘This information is 
to the tomb of Mahmond of Ghuznee; it is by no means | nothing less than that during the whole period of the re- 
certain, indeed, that they ever were anywhere else; the | cent negotiations at Washington, Mr. Webster was in 
state of our knowledge of the history of the reignof Macbeth | possession of the most conclusive evidence, that the claim 
will give some notion of the faith to be placed in the tradi- | of Great Britain was established beyond the possibility of 
tions in reference to Mahmoud of Ghuznee—a cotem- | cavil—or, as Mr. Featherstonhaugh says, ‘‘he had the 
porary king ! These trophies are to be sent back to the | highest evidence in his possession which the nature of the 
place whence, it is said, they came ; but that place is now | case admitted of, that the United States never had the 
desolate; a temple must be built, and a population of | slightest shadow of a right to.any part of the territory 
Hindoo worshippers collected in the heart of an entirely | which they have been disputing with Great Britain for 
Mahomedan country, before the gates can find a post | near 50 years.” It appears that Mr. Jared Sparks, 
of rest. About 15,000,000 of the best-disposed British | who has been for some time engaged in collecting 
subjects in India are Mahomedan; who look upon the | materials for a history of the United States, found 
desecration of the tombs of their ancestors as the most |-in. the Foreign-office an original map, presented by 
+ al 
longing to the harem ; the whole, in "1 of the 
presence of the male performers, were veiled. The lidre/to 
ad been translated into Turkish, by our countryman, Mr, 
Churchill, so that the ladies who could read were enabled, 
in some degree, to ‘follow and comprehend the story, 
though they could by no means comprehend the shakes, 
quivers, and embellishments of the artists, One lady was 
said to have been so much moved at the fallen state of the 
blind hero that she burst into tears, and, after exclaiming 
“Allah, Allah, who can refuse charity to such great mis- 
fortunes ?”’ threw her handkerchief, with some piastres, at 
Belisario’s feet.—The Servian affair appears to be aban- 
doned by Russia as an accomplished fact, which it would 
be imprudent to disturb. The nomination of the Wal- 
lachian Hospodar has produced no sensation in the Turk- 
ish capital. ‘The departure of the Persian boundary com- 
mission for Erzeroom had been delayed by the indisposi- 
tion of Captain Williams, who, it was hoped, would be 
able to proceed on his voyage to Trebizond in a few days. 
Inpia.—The Overland Mail arrived in town on Mon- 
day, with accounts to the 2d ult, The two armies of 
Candahar and Jellalabad had arrived on the 2d at Feroze- 
Pore, and the evacuation of Affghanistan has consequently 
been completed. The Governor-General, with the Com- 
Mander-in-Chief, and a portion of the army of reserve, 
Was present at Ferozepore to welcome them. The honour 
of priority of entry was given to Sir R. Sale’s “ illustrious 
Sarrison,” as a reward for their defence of Jellalabad. At 
One end of the bridge over the Sutlej, a pavilion had been 
‘rected, where Lord Ellenborough stationed himself, with 
18 secretaries, while the troops passed. He raised his 
hat and bowed to Lady Sale, and some other ladies on 
clephants, who led the column. On General Sale cross- 
‘ng, the Commander-in-Chief rode up and shook him 
Warmly by the hand, The march through the Punjaub 
Was effected without difficulty or obstruction, but so bhur- 
Tedly that it is said to have rather resembled a retreat 
han a retirement from a conquered country. Sickness 
Fyevailea to a great extent among the men of Colonel 
qe brigade during their progress; dysentery, carried 
Wrambers daily, and disabled the majority of the force. 
fe en they left the encampment at Peshawur 400. were 
hospital, seven days after thenumber had increased 
ble injury that can be inflicted on them, Mab- | Dr. Franklin (the negotiator of the treaty) to Count de 
moud of Ghuznee, whose sepulchre has been despoiled, is | Vergennes, then Minister of Louis XVI., which was in- 
regarded by them as the great light and pillar, the | closed in the following letter :—‘ Passy, Dec. 6, 1782.— 
champion and the pride of the Mahomedan faithin India, | Sir,—I have the honour of returning herewith the map 
and by all of them must Lord Ellenborough’s Gate Pro- your Excellency sent me yesterday. I have marked with 
clamation be viewed as an indignity. It is regarded as a | a strong red line, according to your desire, the limits of 
compliment by no one ; the Hindoos know nothing what- | the United States, as settled in the preliminaries between 
ever of the tradition of the gates—it is referred to by | the British and American plenipotentiaries. With great 
none of their historians: and should we urge them to | respect, lam, &c.,—B. Franxuin.”’ In communicating 
wipe off the insults of 800 years, we may put them in | this map and letter to Mr. Webster, Mr. Sparks observes: 
mind of others of more recent date, which they have to | —‘‘ Imagine my surprise on discovering that this line runs 
avenge.” A demand had been made upon the Ameers of wholly south of the St. John and between the head waters 
Scinde for their assent to a treaty, by which Kurrachee and | of that river and those of the Penobscot and Kennebec. 
Tatta, and a strip of land extending along the bank of the 
Indus, with the towns and forts of Sukkur, Bukkur, and 
Roree, and as far as their territory reached, should be made 
over to the Company. The Ameers appeared at first eager 
to make a determined resistance, but troops had been sent 
against them, The rumour of Tharawaddie’s death has 
been contradicted. He appears now to be thoroughly 
convinced of the inutility, on his part, of trying any 
struggle with the British power in the Rast. The 
Hindostan steamer arrived at Madras on the 19th Dec., 
and started on the following day for Calcutta, 
Cuina.—The news from China comes down to the 
19th November from Macao, to the 15th from Hong 
Kong; and to the end of October from Chusan. The 
last division of the fleet with the Plenipotentiaries having 
left the Yang Tze-Kiang river, had on the 17th October 
reached Chusan, where a portion of the troops was to be 
stationed for a time. ther portions were stationed at 
Amoy and at Hong Kong, which is governed by Lord Sal- 
toun, and is represented as so thriving that a proposal 
had been made for erecting a theatre there. Capt. Bal- 
four, of the Madras Artillery, who had gained a consider- 
able knowledge of the Chinese language and character, 
was named British Consul-General, to reside at Shanghae. 
Various decrees had been published by the Emperor, in 
which the national dislike of the Tartars to all foreigners 
was in some measure concealed, and a wish to maintain 
the ‘everlasting peace” exhibited. English merchants 
are to be permitted, according to 
those decrees, to reside at Canton, at Fowcl at 
history ;.and the Times (ministerial Paper) calls upon the 
Government to “put henceforth no confidence in Ameri- 
can protestations, and not again to n 
devoid of the commonest principles of honour; but before 
any tricks are played us j i 
heavy-armed end well-m 
Parliament. 
HOUSE OF LORDS. 
Monday.—HERMasnsry's answer to the Address of the House 
Was read to their Lordshi S 
be printed: ‘ships by the Lord Steward, and ordered to 
A 
2 On the Poor Law in Ireland ensued, upon ® 
