104 
THE GARDENERS’ CHRONICLE. 
(Fes. 18, 
however, a less expensive mode of proceeding will suf- 
fice. The quantity of drainage ought, of course, to be 
regulated by the nature of the soil, the situation, 
and the climate of the district. When the subsoil is 
porous, and consequently dry, the cross-drains and the 
stratum of clay may be dispensed with. A drain along 
the front, and also one at each end of the border, should 
always be provided, to catch the soakage from the adjoin- 
ing ground, and for the ready passage of water during ex- 
cessive rains, &c. On the driest ground a layer of stones 
spread over the bottom will be advisable, to frevent the 
roots from penetrating too deeply; and in cases where 
these are necessary to facilitate drainage, a thicker bed 
should be used, with some leaves or litter spread over 
them, to prevent the soil from filling up the interstices. 
Mr. Roberts uses, in addition, large lime-stones, place 
six or eight feet apart upon the broken stones, &e. ‘ to re- 
tain moisture in a dry season, and to facilitate the drain- 
age in a wet one.” Where the situation of a Vinery is 
irremediably low and wet, the porder for the Vines to 
grow in ought to be made, nearly or wholly, according to 
circumstances, above the surface of the surrounding 
the compost becomes too solid, losing a great portion of 
its fertilizing property by such repeated intermixture 5 
and unless it be of a very sandy, loose texture, the border 
will in a few years become impervious both to water and 
to atmospheric air, which are of incalculable benefit to 
the growth of the Vine.”’ 
Those who are unable to procure all these different 
materials will find a good substitute in turfy loam, dug 
from two to four inches deep, according to its texture 
and quality. If the soil is collected early in autumn, 
and from one-eighth to one-sixth part of good dung 
spread amongst the layers when laid up into a ridge, the 
border might be made in the following spring, adding at 
that time a portion of lime-rubbish (that is, old mortar 
and brick-bats), or broken lime-stone, with a good quan- 
tity of unbroken bones. But whatever kind of compost 
may be made use of, it ought on no account to be worked 
when wet. Mr. Hoare, in his admirable Treatise on the 
Vine, has shown that bones are a most valuable ingre- 
dient in Vine borders, as, owing to the slow progress of 
decomposition, they furnish nutritive matter to the-roots 
in after years, when the more soluble manures are ex- 
hausted. But besides the compounds before enumerated, 
Mr. Roberts mixes throughout the whole mass of soil a 
quantity of carrion cut into small pieces, in the propor- 
tion of “ one good-sized horse or cow carcass to every 
ten or twelve square yards; using caution, and not bring- 
ing it to the surface of the border within one foot, as its 
assistance is not wanted the first year.” Although it is 
well known that the Vine is what is termed ‘‘ a gross 
feeder,” we could hardly have supposed that its roots 
delighted to revel in a profusion of one of the most power- 
ful of all known manures. Yet, without doubt, the author 
hhas found animal flesh in large quantities beneficial: in 
fact, he seems to regard it as the most important element 
in the composition of the border. We have dwelt at 
some length upon this part of the subject, because it is of 
the utmost importance ; for the most scrupulous atten- 
tion to the internal management of a Vinery will avail 
but little unless the roots of the plants are in a condition 
to furnish a sufficiency of food. 
The author very properly deprecates the notion of 
chambering, and heating the border with flues or pipes 5 
and to protect and assist the roots while in action, he 
advises the border to be covered two or three feet thick 
with fermenting dung and leaves ; justly attributing a pre- 
valent cause of failure in Grape-forcing to the great dif- 
ference in temperature between the roots in an exposed 
In his lists of sorts suitable for the various structures 
in which Grapes are usually grown, he has inadvertently 
included the White Muscat among those proper for the 
rafters of agreenhouse. He reprobates the system, now 
unfortunately so general, of sending out with a high cha- 
racter and a higher price some well-known or compara- 
tively worthless sort as a ‘‘new seedling ;”’ and suggests 
the institution of ‘a council or committee, including 
some of the best practical men, to try, discuss, and give 
unbiassed opinions on the merits or demerits of all seed- 
ling fruit, before they are pronounced worthy of cultiva- 
tion (similar to the Floricultural Society for Flowers).” 
{In our opinion, the Horticultural Society, of London is 
the right judge to select ; well-informed and above all in- 
terested bias, If a new Grape is not stamped with their 
approbation, a man is unwise to buy it.J—W. 
(To be continued.) 
The Pansy—its Propagation, Cul~ 
eral Treatment in all Seasons.; 
ag i: Tyas & Co. 
e ber of this work is devoted to the 
vancing nothing new in the cultiva~ 
f the flower, the directions are 
Popular Flowers. 
‘RANGUYD 
the matter, but in the illustrations, which ought to exem- 
plify the qualities which constitute perfection ; the lists 
at the end should, moreover, embrace all the standard 
flowers of each subject. 
CALENDAR OF OPERATIONS for the ensuing week. 
reason why aCurrant or a Gooseberry-bush throws up 
suckers is that the cutti bush, has been 
made either witl a 
branch, as to carry with it part of the latent buds generally found 
not even the Lilac, thus made, ever throws out suckers above 
the collar of the plant; that is, above the roots. This is a simple 
nown to cultivators, but the extent of its application 
has not yet been fully appreciated, and I am not aware that the 
principle involved in it has been explained by any one. A wider 
have in view at present, now 
> 
FS) 
bushes throwing up suckers; more especially, if in connection 
with it, he were to give up the present mode of cutting down his 
layers to within an inch or two of the ground, and leave them a 
fe two in length, with only two or three eyes at the top to 
form a head. e and Paradise; laye! ed. 
onger than six or eight inches, sufficient to have room to graft 
isbudded part; and the same with all other layers ac- 
Se 
From te Forcine-Pirs.—Azalea indica alba, and varieties ; 
Rhodora canadensis, Acacia armata, Persian Lilacs, Calla (Rich- 
4rdia) Athidpica, i album i Admiral Na- 
pier, Gen. Washington, Ne Plus Ultra, and some'scarlets ; Tulips, 
several early varieties; Narcissuses, Soliel d’Or and double Roman 
being the earliest ; Hyacinths, Jonquils, Crocuses, Lily of the 
Valley, Violets. Roses: Fairy, Old China, Tea-scented, Bour- 
bons, and hybrid perpetuals; Fabvier, a China Rose, is one of the 
best for bouquets at this early period; and Fulgorie, a hybrid 
fruit, and will require rather more water and alittle additional 
set, and those breaking their buds must be gently dealt with, in 
order to get all the eyes forward about the same time; they re- 
quire a moist atmosphere. 
red-spider, 
‘oust.—The observations on the Peach-house are 
applicable here also, and the temperature in both houses need 
not differ much. E 
F1as.—These are more accommodating than the two last tribes, 
and will do well enough in either of the last three houses if they 
are in pots or tubs, Where a house is devoted to them, about 
65° is the proper temperature for them now. They should not 
et dry at the roots when in growth. : 
UCUMBERS AND MeELons,—These require strict attention 
while the weather is rough, or when sudden gleams of the sun 
break forth; but of allthe misfortunes to which they are liable, 
the steam from dung linings is the most fatal, and must be strictly 
guarded against. * 
Poratogs, KipNEy-BEANS, RHUBARB, AND Asparacus, with 
Radishes and other salads, require the routine culture formerly 
recommended, and a due regard to successions and the casualties 
of the weather. 
ARD.—Any newly transplanted trees should be mulched 
on frosty mornings, if not already done. Planting all sorts of 
frnit-trees should be finished before the end of the month, even 
on the heaviest soils. Peaches and Apricots must be pruned and 
pe set to grow for a successional bloom. It is too soon yet for 
potting to any extent, if the Orchidaceze are finished. A few 
plants here and there may indeed be so forward in their growth, 
as to require fresh pots. There is no such a thing thought of 
now-a-days as a regular potting-time; every week, until Sep- 
tember, will bring its own operations with it in this way. 
GReEN-HOUSE.—Many plants,in this house will now begin to 
grow, and though they need not be encouraged, they should be 
e front sashes, when 
the weather is not favourable. All the beautiful little climbers 
on trellises will require constant attendance jn training an 
stopping the shoots as they advance. aad rocced 
with forced 
which I have ni 
well in the Conservatory. There never was a greater mistake in. 
hardly ever up to 40 
will grow with increased vigour when Imove 
I have proved this to be the case frequently. 
well with any one; it succeeds so much bett sul is 
after the young growth has a little ripened. This is the best 
time, however, to graft little Orange-trees for forcing and bloom- 
ing-room or conservatory. ig stoc 
raise plants for forcing next winter, for which purpose they are 
1 ristmas 
until they bloom in 
here extensively, which I ne 
namely, Philadelphus corondrius, or Mock Orange, which forces 
as well as the Detitzias. 
Out-door Department. 
Some of the flower-beds should now be trenched or renewed 
m annuals, which are to flower 
that purpose. If you 
water will certainly kill worms if it gets at them, but that made 
from chalk-lime has no more effect on them than barley-water. 
Hence the different results of which we hear. Where stone-lime 
js difficult to be procured, corrosive sublimate seems to be the 
next best resource, according to the late testimonies of corre- 
spondents. Lawns cannot now be too often rolled when the 
ground is in a half-dry state. 
‘OR. np Coppicr.—From the middle of February to the 
middle of 
In England, on the contrary, no preparation of the soil is thought 
too good for planting, and the whole is finished, when possible, 
pefore the end of February.—D. Beaton, Shrubland Park Gardens, 
State of the Weather near London for the Week ending Feb. 16, 
1843, as observed at the Horticultural Garden, Chiswick. 
)___Puensoaneee. | Wind, | Rain, 
Feb. | Max.) Min. ) Mean. |—— te 
Friday | 10 42 a1 36.5 E 
Saturday 11 Al 33.5 | NVEL 
Suni 12 al 27 34.0 LE, 
Monday 13 42 18 80,05. | aaeiaealleoae 
Tuesday 1 29 1G 27.5 | W. 
Wednesday 15 29 25.5 | Ne 
Thursday 16 | 29.234 a2 20 26.0 | N.E. 
Average | 29.761 70 | aa.0 |. 928 | so4 || Ol, 
Feb. 10. Overcast ; dense dark clouds; overcast at night, 
11, Uniformly overcast; hazy ; slight frost. 
12. Hazy, with slight drizzle; fine; overcast ; frosty. 
1S. Frosty; hazy; fine; sharp frost at night, 
14, Frosty ; cloudy; severe frost, 
15. Sharp frost ; overcast; freezing all day, with slight snow, 
16. Very dry air and frosty ; slightly overcast ; frosty. 
Mean temperature of the week 9.7° below the average. 
State of the Weather at Chiswick during the last 17 years, for 
the ensuing Week ending Feb. 25, 1843, : 
|_Prevailing Wind 
Aver: | Aver. No. of || Greatest | : 
Highest, Lowest Mean) Veart i) quantity || l-slei| |e |e | 
Temp. | Temp. riod. | of Ral dials 
a2 | 315 | saa| 7 . | 4) af 
45.8 | 23.5 | 39.4 0 51 2} 5|— 
46.2 | 22.7 | 30.5 9 0.20 | 4| 
45.3 BA.2 Bi 6 0.29 3 4{-- 
45.7 32.7 ). 6 0.33 6) 2) 3 
467 38.1 42. 9 0.29 —| 3) 3 
s 43.0 | 935 | 407! 9 | 024 I-l2 ai—|4ia aia 
The highest temperature during the above period occurred on 
the 25th in 1830—thermometer 59°; and the lowest on the 23d 
in 1842—thermometer 18°. 
REPORT ON COVENT-GARDEN MARKET, 
For the Week ending Feb. 17, 1843, 
In consequence of the late severe weather, several of the more 
delicate kinds of vegetables have advanced in price ; amongst 
Amongst the dessert Apples, Newtown Pippins are selling at 33. 
est Nonpareils from 1s. to 2s. per dozen. 
week Asparagui 
what cheaper, but still fetches from 8s, to 12s. per 100 ; the smaller 
bunches being from 3s. to 6s. each, 
from gd. to 2s. per punnet. The few French Beans to be met 
with have risen to 3s. 6d. and 4s. per 100. w New Potatoes 
have just arrived from Lisbon in good drder. Brussels Sprouts ar 
becoming inferior. White Broccoli continues good, from 1s. to 
1s. 6d. per bunch. Turnips are somewhat dearer, being from 
1s.6d. to gs. 6d. per doz. bunches. T.ettuce and Endive are of fair 
quality; the latter fetch from Is. 6d. to 3s. per score. 200 
Onions are selling from 5s. to 6s. per bushel. Leeks are plentiful, 
from 2s, to 3s. per dozen bunches. Of Mushrooms there is a goo. 
Pine Apple, per Ib. 5: to 8¢ 
Grapes: Spanish, per Ib. 1s to 1s 3d 
-~ ortugal, 1s to 2s 
Apples, desser 
— © Kitel 
rt, 
shen, 38 to Gs Sweet Almonds, per pound, 3s 
Pears, dessert, per hf. sieve, 38 tol4e Bilberts English, per 100 Ths. 60 
ob Nuts, per 
Pummeloes, per doz., Gs to 12s 1b Nuts, per 100 Ibs., 65s, to 75s. 
Oranges, per doz, 9d to 28 Nuts, per bushel— 
_ er 100, 5s to 128 — Brazil, 
— Ditter, per 100, 8s to 16 = Spanish, 18% 
Lemons, per doz. 1s to 28 — Barcelona, 24s 
pe’ 
per 100, 5sto 128 
VEGETABLES- 
Parsneps, per dozen, 6d to Is 
Spinach, per sieve, le 6d to 28 
Savoys, per doz. 6d to 1s 3d 
Leeks, per doz. bun., 2¢ to $x 
On! 
Cabbage, White, per doz. 2s to 4s 
= Rene Fe tia Qe to 5s 5s to 6s 
— ckling, 2¢to 5s per 
Brussels Sea hie. Ig to 26 — Pickling, per hf.-sv., 8s 6d to 4a 6d 
roccoli, White, per bunch, 1s to 1#6d) 
a i . = 
Beans, Kidney, forced, per 100, 3s 62 to 44 Garlic, per lb. 6d to 
per ton, 70s to 805 Shallots, per Ib., i 
er cwt. as Gd to 45 Asparagus, large, per 100, 8s to 128 
= perbushel, 2¢ to 28 6d =<, Second, 3s to Gs 
~ RaaMeytGee bush., 14 6d to2s| Sea-kale, per punnet, Od to 2s 
= BG ter bushel, 266d | Lettuce, Cab., p.se., Gd to od 
= HO RaRimn, perib. 4d toad “Cos, Od to 
Teruoalem vichokes, per half-sieve,| Endive, per svore, ls Gd to 3s 
1s to 1s 6d Celery, p.bd., (I2to 15) 6d to 2 
v2, buns, 14 Gd to3s Gd Rhuberb Stalks, per bdle, Gd to 1s 
m Bd 
bundle, 2s to 4s 6d e 
hands (24 to30 each) | Fennel, per doz. bun, 2s to 4 
tols & 
ip, p. doz. beh.» 1s to 186d] Mint, per doz. bunches, 28 to 4 
to 6s 
Turn 
Carrots, per doz. bunch, 4s 
—. Young Horn, per bunch, 4d to 6d| Truffles, per Ib, 89 to 46 
