1843.] 
THE GARDENERS 
CHRONICLE. 
491 
wi 
present Ministry. He pointed out the practical absurdities and incon- 
sistencies which must followa severance of Ireland from England, with 
separate Parliaments, revenues, armies, and navies. Such a severance 
could not last a single year without a conflict. ‘To prevent this evil 
the Government had, without asking for any new measure, 
resolved to rest upon the existing powers of the law and consti- 
tution. I am asked,” said the Right Hon. Baronet, ‘what 
course I intend to pursue. ‘Declare your course,” is | 
demand. I am prepared to pursue that course which I consider 
I have pursued; namely, to administer the Government of 
Treland upon the principles of justice and impartiality, a 
prepared to.recognise the principle established by law, that there 
shall be equality of civil privileges. Iam prepared in respect of 
the franchise, to give a substantial and not a fictitious right of 
Suffrage. In respect to the social condition of Ireland we are 
Prepared also—but that is a matter for legislation, and we all feel 
at no partial legislation will be proper or effective—we are pre- 
pared to consider the relations of landlord and tenant deliber- 
ately, and all the important questions involved therein. With 
respect to the Established Church, I have already stated that we 
impaired. It is sai 
other hand, why do you nothing? Why stand with folded arms ? 
Why don’t you bring in measures at once? I know what aten- 
dency there is, particularly in some quarters, to press for mea- 
Sures of coercion. But we must have regard to the real circum- 
Stances before us, and to the means in the possession of the 
Government. Demands may be made for new measures, upon 
which to rely for the suppression of disturbance. Sir, I claim for 
the Government the entire right to judge with regard to the 
discretion to be exercised, either as to the application of the 
existing laws, or as to an appeal to Parliament for new ones. I 
deration in 
Catholics 
id not want motives for rallying round the Union ; the events. 
and enactments of the last fourteen or fifteen years had made a 
8reat social and political change in their favour, and the favour. 
able feeling to them still subsisted in the Imperial Parliament, 
€ appealed to these considerations, to the long connexion of the 
two countries, to their common interests and common dangers, 
Lord Joun Russ#ut had not heard with satisfaction the speech 
of Sir R. Peel. It was more like the speech of a member finding 
fault with the proposals of a Government, than like the speech of 
ead of a Government himself. After enlarging 
Upon the magnitude of the present danger, he acknowledged that 
he approved of the forbearance to ask any new law of 
Coercion. But the course on which the Government seemed to 
rely was that of doing nothing at all—of waiting to hear the pro- 
Posals of other members, and then commenting on the insuf- 
ficiency of one suggestion and the doubtfulness of another. To 
him this appeared to indicate a want of capacity and of energy 
in the Ministers. If they had been afraid to propose measures, 
it was not because there had been any violence on the part of the 
trish members to deter them. He denied that equality of civil 
Tights existed between England and Ireland; in proof of which 
enial he referred to the numbers of the Parliamentary con. 
stituencies, and to the difference between the English and the 
Trish Municipal Act. He then came tothe question of the Church. 
On this subject he desired to explain the opinions expressed by 
er evening, by which ‘o intimate, 
that though favourable to the principle of an establishment, he 
thought it a principle much misapplied to a Church like that of 
Ireland, which had no connexion with nor influence over the 
bulk of the people; and it was requisite, in order to make such a 
minority. How that was to be accomplished might require much 
consideration: at present he did enough in asserting the prin- 
ciple. There remained the question of Ministerial patronage, a: 
to which he considered that the old system of appointing your 
own partisans ought now to cease, and that the majority opposed 
to you ought to partake. It might be a curious question by what 
means Ireland was governed just now? The ranks of repeal were 
daily swelled by men who joined them partly from disgust at what 
had been done, and partly from despair of what ought to be done. 
He called on Ministers to follow the example of concession se’ 
Mr, Fox’s Government in the days of the Irish volunteers; 
and he appealed to the celebrated declaration of the Duke of 
Wellington in depreeating civil war with Ireland. Let not, then, 
the present Government think it necessary to be more dignified 
an Mr. Fox in 17: uke of Wellington in 1829. The 
noble Lord concluded as follows:—“ The arguments of the 
Government—the temper of the Government—the fear, which I 
Must say a Secretary of State has exhibited—perhaps I may be 
allowed to call it a magnanimous fear, will make people reflect 
On the present condition of Ireland; and they must—they will 
be forced to take into consideration the state of Ireland with 
for what had been said, and for what had been left unsaid, for 
the moderation of the speakers on his own side, an r the 
course taken against Ministers by many of their own supporters. 
What were the views of Government he defied any man to infer 
from their speeches. They were, no doubt, distracted and para- 
lysed by contrary impulses—not only from their friends out of 
doors, but even in the Cabinet itself. He had said a little while 
ago that if Ministers should resign their places, the country 
would call upon them to return ; but he had lately seen ground 
to change that opinion, and he felt bound as a gentleman, and a 
man of honour, to say so, that he might not mislead them into a 
resignation. He did not think Repeal was a question which 
Ministers would have to consider ; he rather thought that Repeal 
was a cry conventionally adopted by the people to express their 
grievances. The only point upon which Ministers had held out 
the chance of a remedy, was the law of landlord and tenant; and 
mst happy should he be to co-operate with them on such a sub- 
ject. On the greatest evil of all, the relative position of ‘the 
Protestants and Roman Catholics, not the slightest alleviation 
was intimated. The present amount of Establishment was capa- 
ble of being considerably reduced; and as Lord Stanley had been 
the author of the Church Temporalities Bill, there could be no 
a level with it; 
voluntary gift, perhaps 
amount of the establishment at Maynooth, too, was far below its 
proper line. Austria, Bavaria, Belgium, Prussia—each made 
provision from the funds of the State for more than one denomi- 
nation of clergy. He condemned the scanty allotment of the 
Parliamentary, and the too hi mount of the Municipal fran- 
i Under all these difficulties, here was a Government 
unprepared with any remedy. 
out of it, to obstruct. It was the duty of a Government to dis- 
tinguish the difficult from the impossible; and it was impossible 
a Governmen' on long as the present Ministers were 
going on now. The party who supported and withheld them 
were an inert mass, moored in the tide, and serving only to show 
how rapidly thejcurrent was leaving them behind. To quit that 
party and retire from office would be far more glorious to high- 
minded Ministers than to persist in their present course. He 
hoped, at all events, that nothing would be said from the Trea- 
sury benches to strike the Irish people with despair, and that, 
before another session, measures would be matured for satisfying 
the just expectations of that nation. 
NEY declined to adopt the suggestions of Mr. Muntz 
and Mr. Ferrand, who had required the Government not only to 
make declarations respecting Ireland, but to point out remedies 
for all the evils in all the British dominions. He had read 
this motion as charging the Government with insensibility 
to the grievances of Ireland, and with indisposition to do her 
justice ; but the speech which had introduced it was a speech 
upon the general state of Ireland, and against past as well as 
present Administrations; so that the precise drift of the motion 
itself was not now very easy tobe defined. Some gentlemen called 
on the Government to exercise the energy of Strafford, others 
forbade them to take an measures at all. overn- 
ment had been charged withintending nothing on the subject of 
the Parliamentary franchise; whereas, at an earlier period of 
this very session, they had announced their intention to enlarge 
that franchise, upon the basis of the new valuation contemplated 
in the Irish Poor Law Amendment Bill; but the working of that 
valuation must be seen before such jan enlargement of franchise 
could be prudently enacted. Then, on the subject of the Irish 
Church, what was desire No five of the members opposite 
could agree; but some had said boldly, ‘Abolish the intrusive 
church of the minority ;? and Lord Palmerston had asked how 
Lord Stanley could object to the principle of a farther reduction 
in its revenues? hy, it was the very point upon which he ha 
binet. 
not accept a stipend from the nation, on the terms of permitting 
any interference with their civil state. The law of landlord and 
tenant was a difficult subject; and he acknowledged that 
if the Trish landlords, as a dealt with their tenants other- 
wise than the landlords of England, a c: 
involve the danger of bloodshed. T 
mere inquiry into the law of landlord and tenant, the G 
ho had some of them hinted, and some of them 
ant MuRPHYy, who spoke in 
Mr. O’Brien’s motion,—Sir H. W. BARron, Sir W. 
Cay, and Mr. Hume, followed on thesameside ; and Lord Ber- 
Nanp, Mr. G. A, Hamivton, and Mr, Srarrorp O’Brien, sup- 
Ported the Government.—Mr. Rocux declared, as a R 
hat if the grievances of Ireland were not redressed by the Im- 
he country. 
Lord PALMERSTON Observed, thatthis was a debate remarkable 
impeded, the qi of confidence 
or no confidence could not too soon be brought to issue, in order 
that the Ministers, if distrusted by Parliament, might at once 
make way for others more fit to direct the councils of the country, 
—Mr. 8. O’Brimn having replied, the House divided. For the 
committee, 164; against it, 243; majority against it, 79. 
Thursday.—Lord Ex1.or having moved that the Speaker leave 
the chair on the Irish Arms Bill, Lord Clements again protested 
against the bill; and Mr. Watrace moved, as an amendment, 
that the committee be postponed until that day six months. 
The amendment was seconded by Mr. 8. Crawrorn, but re- 
jected by a majority of 77. The Housethen went into committee, 
and the {several clauses up to the 14th were agreed to, after 
several hours’ discussion. 
Friday.—Lord Asuiey, as Chairman of the Derham Election 
Committee, reported the resolution of the Committee, that Lord 
Dungannon had not been duly elected Member for Durham, that 
the last election was a void election, and that Lord Dungannon 
had, by his agents, been guilty of bribery, but it did not appear 
that he had himself any personal knowledge of the transactions. 
The motion for a new writ was postponed to Monday.—The 
House then resumed the consideration of the Irish Arms Bill. 
CITY. 
Money Market, Friday.—Consols closed at 972 for 
the account; Bank Stock, 180; Three per Cent. Re- 
duced, 94}; Three-and-half per Cent, Reduced, 1014 ; 
Exchequer Bills, 54s, to 56s, prem. j 
Metropolis and tts Vicinity. 
Meeting on the state of Ireland—On Monday a meet- 
ing of influential electors of the borough of Marylebone, 
convened by its Parliamentary representatives, took place 
at the residence of Sir B. Hall, in Portman-square, for 
the purpose of considering the propriety of making a 
public demonstration, with reference to the present state 
and future prospects of Ireland. Sir B. Hall was called 
on to preside, and was surrounded by a large number of 
Irish Members of Parliament of all shades of political 
opinion. Mr. S. Crawford, Lord Clements, and Mr. 
Wyse addressed the meeting at some length in favour of 
the proposed appeal to the public; but Gen. Evans sug- 
gested the propriety of calling upon the Queen, by a con- 
stitutional petition to her Majesty, to dismiss the pre- 
sent Parliament and Ministry from power. Sir B. Hall 
concurred, that to petition the Queen would be a most 
proper and dignified course, to direct her Ministers to 
adopt some measures of justice to Ireland; and if they 
did not, to dismiss not only!them, but even Parliament. 
He then read a memorial expressive of alarm at the state 
and indignation of the policy of the present Ministry 
towards Ireland, and appealing to her Majesty, in the 
event of their refusal to do justice to the people of that 
country, at once to dismiss them from her counsels. This 
was adopted unanimously, as was also a resolution deter- 
mining to hold a public meeting of the borough, over 
which Sir B. Hall was requested to preside, on, Monday 
next. A committee was then appointed,” with; Sir De 
Lacy Evans as chairman, to arrange the preliminaries for 
the demonstration. 
Sale of the Duke of Sussex’s Properiy.—The sale of 
the miscellaneous articles closed on Saturday, with the 
decorativelfurniture, oriental and Dresden china, and other 
valuables. The amount of the day’s sale was nearly 
1,9002., and the sum realised by the auction up to that 
time was stated to exceed 40,0007. The sale of the Duke’s 
tobacco and cigars, which commenced on Monday, excited 
considerable interest, and attracted a very numerous 
attendance. The meerschaum bowls realised extraordinary 
prices, some of them fetching upwards of 30/. The cigars 
varied from 202. to 257. a thousand, and the tobacco 
ranged from 10s. to 27. 2s. per Ib. At these high prices, 
the articles were purchased either as curiosities, or by 
wealthy smokers. Most of the tobacco and cigars con- 
sisted of presents to the Duke from personal friends. The 
sale closed on Wednesday, when the remaining portions 
of the tobacco and cigars were sold. Some of the rare 
cigars sold for more than 2s. 6d. each ; and it isa remark 
able fact, that three small parcels of them realised a sum 
exceeding that fetched by the whole of the carriages 
belonging to the late Duke}’sold on Monday last, by 
Messrs. Tattersall. The principal purchases made during 
the day were by gentlemen—the prices ranging far too 
high for the brokers. 500 Woodvilles fetched!18/. 17s. 6d.s 
another lot of the same amount, 222. 11s. 6d.; a box of 
49 Havannahs, 5/.10s.; 1000 Havannahs, 43/. 1s. ; 2125 
cigars, presented to his Royal Highness in 1841 by Che- 
yalier Hebeler, were purchased by Colonel Gurwood for 
1487. ; and three lots of 1000 each, presented by Lord 
J. Churchill, by the same gentleman, for 137/. It was 
generally remarked that on no previous occasion were 
similar prices known to have been realised by articles 
of the like description. The proceeds of the day’s .sale 
amounted to upwards of 2,000/. 
Leciure on Drainage.—A very large meeting of noble- 
menand gentlemen connected with the Agricultural interest 
took place on Friday morning, at Willis’s Rooms, the 
Duke of Richmond in the chair, for the purpose of hear- 
ing a lecture from Mr. Smith, of Deanston, in consequence 
of a requisition presented to that gentleman, signed by the 
Dukes of Richmond and Buckingham, the Earls of Hard- 
wicke and Zetland, the Marquis of Northampton, &c. 
The lecturer, who was aided by a number of diagrams 
and drawings of soils and farming implements, commenced. 
his address by remarking on the great importance to the 
agriculturist of a proper system of drainage, whereby 
loaming wet land, which, in its natural state, would yield 
nothing but peat or moss, might be rendered fertile. He 
remarked, that lands in general suffered very little from 
water rising from springs, but it was that which fell upon 
it in the shape of rain, that had to be guarded against and 
carried off. To effect this with advantage, it was neces- 
sary to sink drains in the subsoil, at distances of from 
about sixteen to twenty-one or twenty-two feet apart. 
In proportion as these drains were sunk, the subsoil would 
crack, and becomes interspersed with fissures, whereby the 
water would the more readily percolate through the upper 
or active soil down to the drains and thence be carried off, 
The fissures thus caused in the subsoil allowed the atmo- 
spheric air to enter, which also acted very beneficially on 
the native soil, which soon became converted into mould. 
and was then capable of retaining with advantage a iat 
deal more moisture than when in its natural state. ; ‘ie was 
of the greatest lest that the active soil should be 
CRE eH aoe han nee seen several instances in 
ae ieee Redan ad not originally been more than 
8 of active soil, but it had been increased by 
proper draining and subsoiling to a depth of fifteen 
aes Drains as generally constructed were not nearly 
eep enough; they should be, to be effectual, two feet and 
a half deep, and might be easily formed by means of a 
plough §0Ing over the ground twice, the second time in 
the furrow occasioned by the first going over. The cost 
of this operation would be about lid. per English chain. 
Many methods of filling up the drains had been adopted, 
the usual substance employed being turf, but that was not 
found to act well, and though perhaps at the same time it 
tight not cost more than half as much as a stone or tile 
drain, it would not be neatly go degirable, and would be 
