492 
THE. GARDENERS CHRONICLE. 
[Jury 15, 
found the more expensive in the end. A stone or tile 
drain would last for twenty years, and be in as good condi- 
tion at the end of that time as when first constructed. He 
had examined many which had been constructed that time, 
and he had found them in a perfect condition, and not in 
the least silted up. The peat drains, on the contrary, 
would scarcely endure as many months. The stones 
should be about the size of common road metalling. When 
the land was properly drained, and the active soil had 
become dry and friable, it was necessary that the subsoil 
should be stirred up by means of a subsoil-plough, so as 
not to be mixed with the active soil. The cost of this 
subsoil-ploughing, which was most essential in all soils 
where the land was properly drained, but was otherwise 
most dangerous, as it only created greater cavities for 
retaining the water, was from 30s. to 40s. per acre, a sum 
which, though apparently large, would be found to be 
amply repaid by the increasing crops. Until land was 
properly drained it would be much better that the furrows 
should be shallow instead of deep. Mr. Smith was 
listened to throughout with profound attention, and con- 
cluded an excellent practical lecture by a few general 
remarks on the advantages which must accrue to all 
classes of the community from an improved system of 
agriculture, to be effected by means of efficient drainage 
and subsoiling. At the close of the lecture, the Duke of 
Richmond observed that he—and he doubted not all con- 
curred with him—had derived much gratification from the 
remarks which they had heard, proceeding as they did 
from a gentleman who had gained his knowledge from 
lengthened experience. He would therefore suggest that 
a vote of thanks should be passed to Mr. Smith. The 
Duke of Cleveland seconded the resolution, which was 
carried unanimously. 
The late Duel.—On Saturday morning the remains of 
Col. Fawcett were buried in the Kensal-green Cemetery. 
The funeral was conducted with the strictest privacy, and 
was attended by Mr. Blake, assistant-surgeon to the 8th 
Hussars, half-brother, and Lieutenant Tuthill, of the 
Queen’s Bays, as chief mourners ; Major Daubeney, of 
the 55th; Lieutenant Robertson, of the 15th Hussars, 
and Captain Barrett, late of the 55th, all of whom were 
particular friends of the deceased. Captain Jackson, of 
the 57th, was the only other person present. On Saturday 
last Mr. Gulliver was liberated from the custody of the 
police by a writ of habeas corpus, granted on the previous 
day by Mr. Justice Coleridge. On Wednesday he attended 
with his securities at the adjourned inquiry at Mary- 
lebone Police Court, when additional witnesses were 
examined, and the bail was enlarged to Monday, the 24th 
inst., with the understanding that, should any fresh evidence 
of importance be forthcoming, Mr. Gulliver should attend. 
The adjourned inquest took place on Thursday, but as 
there was no additional evidence it was again adjourned to 
next week. 
Peace Convention.—Last week a deputation had an 
interview with King Leopold, to present the address 
adopted at the late Convention ‘‘to the Governments of 
the civilized world,’’ on the importance of inserting a 
clause in international treaties binding the parties to refer 
disputes to the arbitration of one or morefriendly powers. 
The deputation was introduced by Dr. Bowring, and gra- 
ciously received by his Majesty. The King expressed in 
strong terms his approval of the principle of arbitration, 
and referred to the satisfaction he had experienced in 
being employed os mediator in some cases where the 
danger of war had appeared. He spoke of a continental 
war as above all things to be deprecated, and regarded it 
as all but impossible, so long as Austria, France, and 
England were united in favour of peace. His Majesty 
also referred to the threatened war in the east of Europe, 
and to the dispute between France and the United States 
respecting the payment of a sum of money, as instances 
in which the remonstrance and friendly interference of 
otker powers had led to satisfactory results. 
University College.—In the account we gave last week 
of the distribution of prizes, we find that we omitted to 
give the names of those to whom certificates had been 
granted. We therefore repeat the list, with the addition 
of the speech delivered by Mr. Christie, M.P., who pre- 
sided on the occasion. The proceedings of the day having 
been opened in the usual manner, Mr. Christie alluded to 
the fact of his having been formerly a student in the 
College, as one of the circumstances which had led to his 
being selected “to dispense those honours which in former 
years he had himself received on the same spot from the 
hands of others, but by the award of some of the same 
Professors.” This circumstance, he considered, as so far 
important—that ‘‘to an institution, whose beginning 
was fresh in men’s memories, and which was still very 
generally considered as in its infancy, it was of consequence 
to show the world (and this, perhaps, couid not be done 
more forcibly than by putting forward one who is now in 
some degree before the world, who left it ten years ago, 
and had then spent four years within its walls), that it has 
lived and prospered long enough to feel no further appre- 
hension from the efforts of its enemies, although the first 
geal and excitement attendant upon its foundation have 
long since subsided—tiong enough, indeed, to render its 
continued prosperity a certain proof of extrinsic strength.” 
He mentioned other Members of the Legislature whom 
the College claims as her sons, and among them noticed 
especially Mr, Aldam the Member for Leeds, ‘who 
having gained at Cambridge all but the very highest 
honour which that University bestows, was afterwards 
‘unable to take a degree, being a Dissenter ; who, however, 
though he was thus denied a degree in the University of 
Cambridge, and would have been refused even admission to 
ide in the University of Oxford, finds free admission 
to the Legislature of the Nation.” Referring to the pre- 
he ol 
sent condition of the Institution, he said—* There are not 
wanting other proud marks of the progress of this College. 
When I left it in 1833, it was an institution standing 
altogether by itself, unrecognised by the State. It 
has now been some years in possession of a charter, 
and placed in connexion with another chartered Institu- 
tion, which has the power of conferring degrees, to which 
it ungrudgingly gave over the name of University of Lon- 
don before held by itself; and if it then made any 
sacrifice, it has been amply compensated by the satisfac- 
tion while it sees many other Colleges, and among them 
one which beganin at least unfriendly rivalry, sharingin the 
privileges which it was itself mainly instrumental in pro- 
curing, and by the vast superiority of success which has 
attended its own students in the contests for degrees and 
honours, Hitherto, with but one trifling exception, no 
substantial privileges have been attached to the degrees of 
the University of London.» The struggle for these privi- 
leges has now begun. ‘There is every reason to hope that 
in a very short time, perhaps in a few days, one of the 
Inns of Court in the Metropolis will place the degree of 
the University of London on the same footing with those 
of Oxford and Cambridge, as regards privileges for admis- 
sion to the bar. I cannot believe but that the Govern- 
ment will avail itself of the opportunity afforded by the 
bill now pending for the reform of the Courts of Doctors’ 
Commons, to remove the great grievance on Dissenters 
from the established faith of entire exclusion from 
practising in these Courts, and will do this by investing 
with privileges the law degrees of the University of 
London. Again, the medicalreform which has been under- 
taken by the Government will also give it an opportunity of 
attaching privileges to its medical degrees. 1 cannot help 
mentioning that there is one member of the Government 
for whose zealous co-operation in every effort to extend 
her usefulness or promote her welfare, this College has a 
special right to hope—who was one among its first pro- 
prietors,—who is one of its proprietors still,—who once 
filled this chair, and whom on that occasion I remember 
to have heard (I was then a boy sitting there), with that 
chaste and perspicuous eloquence which ever finds even in 
the warmest political opponent a willing listener, declare 
his deep conviction of the importance of this College, and 
his earnest desire for her prosperity and fame. I trust 
that Sir James Graham, now that as the Secretary of 
State for the Home Department he is the official head of 
the University of London, and must have a principal voice 
in all questions of legal and medical reform, will not 
forget his former declarations of zeal for the University 
College, but will rather be solicitous to show that he has 
not lost the will on acquiring the power to benefit us; 
and thus vindicate alike the sincerity of his past profes- 
sions to this College, and his continued attachment in 
an altered political position to a cause which is not the 
cause of party. J venture to think there cannot be a 
more striking instance of the extent and variety of 
the advantages which this Institution has conferred 
and is capable of conferring, than that supplied by the 
courses of lectures for schoolmasters, mentioned in the 
report read by Professor Long, the Dean of the Faculty. 
The want of suitable means for the education of school- 
masters of small unendowed schools, and of ushers in all 
private schools, is known to every one. The Universities 
of Oxford and Cambridge are in no way suited, and make 
no attempt to supply the want. The position of this 
College in the metropolis makes its efforts in this way, of 
course, available to a very large number of persons who 
are either engaged in teaching in the numberless schools 
around London, or who, being in London, and being 
anxious, with sufficient inducement and opportunity, to 
prepare themselves to be schoolmasters, can come to 
attend lectures in this College, but could not afford to go 
and reside at a distance to receive instruction. I trust if 
any legislative attempt be made (and such an attempt is 
not improbable,) to improve the education and condition 
of schoolmasters, the past efforts and the great capabilities 
of usefulness in this respect of this College will not be 
overlooked. The fees paid by schoolmasters and ushers 
attending these lectures are 1/. 10s. for the four classes 
of Latin, Greek, Mathematics, and Natural Philosophy, 
and 1/. for each class singly. The College has been able 
to make the fees thus moderate by devoting to the object 
the interest of 3,000/., which has been given to the College 
at ‘different times, in sums of 1,000/. and 500/., by an 
unknown benefactor, who calls himself (and none certainly 
can dispute the fitness of the name which he has chosen) 
a Patriot ; and this leads me to a gratifying announcement 
which I am able to make. Within the last fortnight the 
Council of the College have received an additional sum of 
500/. from the same unknown benefactor. This is, indeed, 
a rare example of doing good for its own sake; and there 
are those perhaps, who, given to mourn over the selfish- 
ness and ostentation of our age, might wish that it should 
remain unknown as it is, and even grieve if the veil in 
which this munificence has shrouded itself were to be 
withdrawn. But I think you will say with me that this 
College has not yet been able so far to forget the viru- 
lence of its enemies, or to become so accustomed and 
indifferent to generous sympathy, as to acquiesce without 
reluctance in ignorance of its friends; and I will hope,x— 
and though I who speak if am the humblest member of 
the Council of the College, all will echo the hope ; and I 
trust the hope so echoed may reach our unknown bene- 
factor,—it is not impossible but that even now it may fall 
upon his ear ; that, if so long, not longer at least than he 
can himself enjoy the satisfaction of doing good by stealth, 
or than fame makes him blush, will be withheld from us a 
name which we are all so well prepared to love and honour, 
and which, associated with so much munificence, will itself 
be q strong support to us,and serve to fixand strengthen bis 
example for others who might wish to imitate his bounty.” 
The address was concluded with a few words of congratu- 
lation to the students who had obtained prizes. ‘* It was 
an illustrious array of names,’’ said Mr. Christie, ‘* which 
heralded the College into existence ; unremitting has been 
the assiduity of those to whom from time to time the 
government of the College has been entrusted; it has 
gained and kept the assistance of a body of Professors to 
whose zeal, character and learning the world will admit 
no superior. The munificence of its founders has raised 
around us this splendid building replete with every 
accommodation for instruction, and destined in all future 
ages to be admired. But no splendour of external means 
and appearances, no array of fine names, no zeal or repu- 
tation of Professors, can carry beyond a certain point the 
success of a place of education, or do for it that which 
may be done by a body of devoted students, mindful of 
the benefits they have received, and eager as far as it may 
be in their power to repay them — jealous of their 
dima Mater’s reputation, as of their own—jealous of 
their own because their honour and disgrace must be 
always shared by the College’ which has educated 
them.’ The following is an authentic list of the 
students who obtained prizes and certificates of honour. 
Latin.— Professor Long, A.M. Senior Class— 
lst Prize, W. F. Durant. 2d Prize, C. Somerton. 
Certificates of Honour: 3,P. A. Smith ; 4, J. EH. Wallis; 
5, F. F. Bankart ; 6, A. Warren; 7, C. F, Kingdon. 
Junior Class—Ist Prize, Chas. A. Bowring. 2d Prize, 
John R. Gibson, Certificates of Honour : 3, Wm. Colfox; 
4, W. Bagehot; 5, eq., M. Prendergast and G. Long; 7, 
John Kearney; 8, H. Koenig; 9, N. Turnbull. 
Grenx.—Professor Malden, A.M. Extra Senior Class 
—Prize, Bunnell Lewis. Certificates of Honour :—2, 
eq., Chas. Somerton and R. H. Hutton; 4, P. A. Smith; 
5, J. L. Sanford, 
Senior Class—lst Prize, C. Somerton. 2d Prize, W. 
F. Durant. Certificates of Honour: 3, J. Edkins; 4, 
A. Crowley; 5, P. A. Smith; 6, Thos. Beevor; 7, J. L. 
Sanford. 
Junior Class—Prize, C. A. Bowring. Certificates of 
Honour : 2, H. Pratt; 3, W. Bagehot ; 4, J. R. Gibson; 
5, J. Forster; 6, H. Koenig. 
Hesrew.—Professor Hurwitz. Senior Class—Prize, 
J. Browne. Junior Class—Prize, Jos. Edkins. 
Eneuisu.—Professor Latham, A.M. Prize, W. C. 
Roscoe. Certificates of Honour : 2, W. Bagehot; 3, A. 
Armytage. 
Frencu.—Professor Merlet. 1s¢ Prize, A. Crowley. 
2d Prize, C. F, Kingdon. Certificates of Honour: 3, 
F. F. Bankart; 4, J. Smith; 5, T. O. Donaldson. 
IrantaAn.—Professor Count Pepoli. sé Prige, A. 
Crowley. 2d Prize, A. Mott. 
GrrMaNn.—Teacher, M. W. Wittich. Senior Class— 
Prize, T. Beevor. Certificates of Honour: 2, J. Paget; 
3, J. Croucher. 
Junior Class— Prize, J. Forster. Certificates of 
Honour: 2, J. H. Reynolds; 3, W. Colfox; 4, C. N. 
Wornum ; 5, H. Bankart; 6, H. H. Marling. 
Hisrory.—Professor Creasy, A.M. Prize, A.Crowley. 
Puttosopny or Minp anv Logic. — Professor 
Hoppus, Ph.D. sé Prize, John Beighton. 2d Prize, 
A. Crowley. Certificates of Honour: 3, S. B. Sutton ; 
4, J. Browne; 5, A. Mott. 
Marnuemarics, — Professor De Morgan. Higher 
Senior Class—Is¢ Prize, W. R. Wills. 2d Prize, H. R. 
Reynolds. Certificates of Honour: 3, eq. J. Kearney 
and H. Field; 4, eq. A. Warren and C. A. Bowring. 
ower Senior Class—Prize, R. H. Hutton. Certifi- 
cates of Honour: 2, W. Bagehot; 3, eq. J. Rees, 
J. Morris, and F. W. Brady. 
Higher Junior Class—Prize,S.W.Waley. Certificates 
of Honour: 2, eq. J. Smith and B. Lewis; 3, eq. S. B. 
Sutton and H, Bankart; 4, eq. J. Bishop and T. Bird ; 
5, W. Colfox; 6, eq. I. O. Donaldson and C, Sylvester. 
Narurat Pxuirosoruy.—Professor Kelland. Senior 
Class-—Prise, W. R. Wills. Certificate of Honour: 2, 
H. Field; 3, J. Browne. 
Junior Class — lst Prize equal, A. Warren and J. 
Edkins. 3d Prize, C. A. Bowring. 4th Prize, Joseph 
Rees. Certificate of Honour: 5, W. Bagehot; 6, F. 
Crowley; 7, B. Lewis; 8, S. W. Waley; 9, F. W- 
Brady ; 10, J. Croucher. 
Experimental Class—Prize, R.H. Hutton. Certificate 
of Honour : 2,8. B. Sutton ; 3, J. Paget; 4, J. White. 
Drawine Crass.—Teacher, Mr. G. B. Moore. Prize, 
H. Bankart. Certificate of Honour ; 2, I. O. Donald- 
son; 3, E. Paxon; 4, E. C. Ireland. 
Arcurrecrure.—Professor Donaldson, (asa Fine Art.) 
Prize, &. Dobson. Certificate of Honour: ¥. Letts 
(as a Science.) Prize, J. Croucher. Certificate of 
Honour : 2, E. Dobson; 3, G. Judge. 
Borany.—Professor Lindley, Ph.D. Junior Class— 
Prize, S.C. Griffith. Certificate of Honour: 2 €4:+ 
W. Clapp and C. R. Matthew; 3, A Mott; 4, W- Filli- 
ter; 5, E. Way. 4 
Zoot0Gy.—Professor Grant, M.D. Prize, I. Ww. 
Marshall. Certificate of Honour: 2, W. J. Macdougall 5 
3, John Forster. i 
Guotocy.—Professor Webster, F.G.S. Prize, ey 
Crowley. Certificate of Honour: 2, Ue Field; 3, Fre- 
derick Crowley. 
Eneuisa Law.—Professor Carey, A-M. Ist Coun. 
Prize, J. B. Hoskins. Certificate of Honour: 5 
Morris. 2d Course—Prize, W. Morris. 34 bee 
Prize, W. Morris. Certificate of Honour: 2, Coe 
3, S. Goodbehere. ‘Ast 
JuniserupEncn. — Professor Graves, A.M. Ke 
Course,; Prize, F. J. Parkes. Certificate of, eon if 
2d eq., JoL, Sanford and N. W. Bromley, Jumsj % v+ 
