Beaufort River. 
1843.] 
THE GARDENERS’ CHRONICLE. 
415 
andYour Swan River species confirm his views in that 
respect. The species of the two genera are so muchalike, 
and run so much into each other, that I have long given 
up trying to distinguish them. One of Fraser’s species, 
the Petrophila linearis, is common on the sandy ground 
about Perth; in size and shape the flowers resemble the 
English Honeysuckle. Another fine species, the Petro- 
phila biloba of Fraser, grows among the rocks near the 
foot of the hills. Dr. Lindley remarks of Petrophila 
brevifolia,—a species which he describes from Swan 
River,—that it has flowers which, when infused in hot 
Water, give out so brilliant a yellow, that it is worth 
examination as a probable source of a dyeing material; 
the species is common in the sandy country to the east 
of the Toodyay district. The finest Petrophila I have 
Seen, with heads of flowers as large as some of the round- 
flowered Banksias, and very fragrant, grows on sandy 
ground near the Beaufort River; it belongs to Mr. Brown’s 
rst. division of the genus. Of the genus Adenanthos, 
Dr. Lindley remarks that the only beauty is in_ the 
leaves, which almost hide the flowers; but we have 
Several species to which that character does not apply. 
A pretty xed-flowered, box-leaved species, grows on the 
Toad-side between Perth and Guildford; and another, 
with red leaves, which, from its being almost always in 
flower, I have named semperflorens, grows on the tops 
of the hills. There is also a beautiful rose-coloured 
species, which covers the ground as with a carpet of that 
colour, found on the sandy land to the south of the 
Of the genus Conospermum we have 
many interesting species at Swan River; Dr. Lindley 
remarks of it, that no one would suspect the genus at 
Swan River to belong to the order at all, until after a 
minute examination ; for while the majority of the species, 
with their long woolly, panicled, irregular flowers, have 
altogether a peculiar aspect, a Conospermum acerosum 
might be mistaken for a Colletia—and Conospermum 
glumaceum has altogether the appearance of some Bu- 
pleurum, with great membranous bracts. The C. ace- 
Tosum grows between the Guildford lakes and the foot of 
the Darling Range, and C. glumaceum, which is very 
fragrant, grows on the Toodyay road-side, close to the 
foot of the hills. Dr. Lindley remarks of the genus 
Synaphea from Swan River, that they are in many cases 
ragged-looking plants, whose leaves seem as if they were 
intended to be larger, but starved into hard dry lobes. 
Synaphea decorticans is a strange oak-leaved plant, 
whose bark is thrown off in numerous thin brown layers. 
S. brachystachya seems clothed with the leaves of an 
ryngium, and S. pinnata has large regularly pinnate 
leaves, glaucous on the under side. Besides these species 
described by Dr. Lindley, we have his gracillima, and 
Several of Dr. Brown’s species of this curious genus. 
The Franklandia fucifolia is common about King 
George’s Sound, and I observed it in travelling to the 
South, soon after passing the Capel River. The 
Curious plant so common in the woods about Perth, | 
which grows about 3 feet high, with panicles of brownish 
Yellow flowers, and divided strap-shaped leaves, is a spe- 
cies of Symphionema. and we have several others, one of 
which, growing about 2 feet igi ain enw | 
to the east, with round heads of golden yellow fragrant 
flowers, is the finest. Of Agastachys, we have two spe- 
Cies, distinct from the odorata of Brown; one of them is 
found to the south of the Capel River, and both among 
the hills to the south of the Vasse Inlet; they are both 
beautiful fragrant plants. The Persoonias, Dr. Lindley 
observes, are plants of little beauty; Frazeri, which is 
common about Perth and near the coast, is, as he states, 
the handsomest. Persoonia macrostachya, lice Petro- 
phila brevifolia, seems to possess dyeing properties, which 
leserve investigation, The Persoonia Jaureola is a small 
bushy tree, not uncommon in our woods, with leaves like 
Laurel, from which it takes the name ; and P, Drummondi, 
described by Dr. Lindle from specimens collected 
among the hills between the Helena and Canning rivers, 
—the plant being common in the woods throughout 
the Leschenault district, — forms sometimes rather a 
handsome small tree; its long green falcate leaves and 
drooping branches being ornamental ; its bark, formed of 
numerous layers of cuticle of a red colour, is very charac- 
teristic, The Anadenias consist of plants whose leaves 
are their chief ornament, the flowers being small and in- 
Conspicuous. A. flexuosa is 8 most curious ‘species with 
remarkable zigzag reflexed leaves; itis found on the top 
of Toodyay Catta. A. aquifolium, when notjin flower, 
bears a great. resemblance to a Holly; and A. Hakeoides 
has broad-toothed reticulated leaves, so much like those 
of Hakea undulata, that it might be taken for that’ plant 
if it were not for the absence of the hypogynous gland. 
Of Grevillea we have many species; the Grevillea Thiel- 
Manniana, a splendid scarlet-flowering species, grows on 
the ironstone-gravel formation on the top of the Darling 
range of hills. G. eriostachya bears long spikes of yellow 
Owers; bipinnata and quercifolia are fine species. A. re- 
markable black-flowered Grevillea, not yet named, grows 
On the banks of the Salt River ; it grows in a pyramidal 
form, with bifarious branches, to the height of 10 or 12 
feet. Of Manglesia, a new genus lately separated from 
Grevillea, we have 7 or 8 species ; I believe all the known 
Species of the genus are from Swan River ; the finest of 
them, the G. tridentifera, now in full flower in the York 
and Toodyay districts, is called by the settlers the Swan 
River Hawthorn, as from the number of its snow-white 
flowers, and the size and shape of the plant, it bears some 
resemblance at a distance to the favourite English Haw- 
Hakea I haye collected over 50 
Species i ; I shall only notice a few of 
pecies in the colony ; ne seria taeer, 
common about every settlement, produces a large quan- 
thorn. Of the genus 
the most striking species. The 
tity of a beautifully transparent gum; it forms a low 
bushy tree, with leaves bearing somelresemblance to Holly. 
The H. mixta of Lindley is remarkable for bearing simple 
filiform leaves, also trifid filiform leaves and entire oval 
leaves on the same plant. It varies as much in height 
and habit as it does in the form of its leaves : in the Swan 
River district to the west of the Darling Range, it forms 
a shrub from 4 to 6 feet high, with white downy flowers ; 
on the top of the ironstone hills to the east of the Darling 
ange it has long spreading branches, and bears yellow 
flowers; in the Kojonup district, it is a tree 30 feet high, 
with the habit of the Evergreen Cypress. I can find no 
difference between the leaves and seed-vessels of these 
plants by which I can distinguish them as species. The 
H. Baxteri, a remarkable species, with fan-shaped leaves, 
and seed-vessels as large as a common Russet Apple, 
grows to the south of the Beaufort River, and it has lately 
been found near the Moore River. A yellow-flowered 
Species, with round prickly leaves, grows in strong clay 
on the banks of the Avon, In drying this plant. for 
specimens the leaves all drop off; on that account I think 
the species is not yet named, although it well deserves to 
be known ; it is, when in flower, one of the finest species ; 
it grows to the size of a small tree. We have alsoa 
beautiful crimson-flowered Hakea, which I think is not 
yet named ; it grows in such abundance on some parts of 
the hills, that they appear, when the plant is in flower, of 
a crimson colour, from its numerous blossoms; it is a 
small prostrate-growing species, with ovate acuminate 
glaucous leaves, which end in sharp points; the plant is 
abundant near the Mission-house on the Swan. We have 
a curious species of Hakea, with filiform sulcate leaves, 9 
inches long, and a very remarkable one, with round- 
pointed leaves, and large pear-shaped seed-vessels, found 
abundantly on the banks of the Salt River, about 20 miles 
to the east of Mr. Morrell’s residence. Lambertia multi- 
flora of Lindley grows on both sides of the Toodyay road 
near the foot of the hills, and it is particularly abundant 
to the left of the road. Since Dr. Lindley wrote on the 
Botany of the Swan River colony, I have found in it four 
additional species of Lambertia ; two of these are described 
in the supplement to Dr. Brown’s Prodromus, and a 
third, with beautiful silvery obovate leaves and straw- 
coloured flowers, found to the south of the Gordon River, 
agrees with Mr. Brown’s formosa in the number of its 
blossoms. In my late journey to the south of the Vasse I 
found a species of Lambertia growing 30 feet high, with 
a trunk 2 feet in circumference, which, although some- 
times bearing twin-flowers, is no doubt properly refer- 
able to the one-flowered section of the genus. In my 
journey to King George’s Sound, about two years ago, I 
found what I considered a new genns, nearly allied to 
Lambertia, and like it, bearing the leaves in threes 3 in 
that plant the flowers are very numerous, borne in whorls 
in the axils of the leaves; it grows on hills to the north 
ofthe Beaufort River. Xylomelum occidentale, found by 
Frazer on the shores of Geographe Bay, is plentiful 
throughout the Leschenault district, and may be seen in 
flower and fruit every season on the banks of the Swan, 
a little above Mr. Joseph Hardy’s house. I have found 
the hills to the south of the spring called Bibachgoin by 
the natives. Of the genus Banksia, Ihave gathered 24 
species in our colony. The finest of the whole genus, the 
B. grandis of Linneeus, we may well call the pride of the 
Swan, where it is very common, and grows sometimes 30 
feet high, with a trunk two feet in diameter. As reported 
by Frazer, in healthy young trees the foliage is beautiful, 
and the flower-spikes from 14 to 16 inches long; it is the 
native Mangite, and when the natives are left to their own 
resources, men, women, and children live for weeks 
together principally on the honey which they suck from 
the flowers of this fine tree. Banksia Caleyi and B. 
Menziesii are both abundant, and form the principal fire- 
wood used in the town of Perth. Verticillata is common 
in our swamps, and grows to a large size; I have observed 
it on the banks of the Murray river with shorter, broader, 
and nearly entire leaves. The Banksia aquifolium of 
Lindley, common about Perth, which produces flowers 
like a Hakea, at first yellow, but soon turning red, appears 
very distinct from the ilicifolia, as it is found at King 
George’s Sound; but observations which I made in my 
late journey to the south convince me that these plants 
are the same species, and not even varieties. There is as 
much difference between B. Caleyi and B. grandis, as they 
appeat here and at the Sound. Cunningham observes 
that B. coccinea and B. grandis are the pride of King 
George’s Sound; there the B. grandis is a mere shrub 
compared to what it grows to at Swan River, but the 
coccinea which they use for firewood there, is a splendid 
plant. I found a fine new red-flowering species on the 
banks of swampy brooks between the Sound and Mount 
Barker. Since Dr. Lindley wrote, I have found at least 
10 new species of Dryandra, some of them I think finer 
than any before described. The D. favosa makes our best 
substitute for the Holly in making hedges; D. nobilis 
grows on’ the right hand side of the old Toodyay-road, 
just before beginning to descend into the valley of the 
‘Avon, and also near St. Ronan’s Well, on the York road ; 
proteoides is found a little to the south of the Toodyay 
road, about half a mile before travelling so far to the east 
as the grove of D. nobilis before mentioned. The natives 
suck honey from the flowers of Grevillea eriostachya, and 
G. bipinnata ; from several Dryandras, and from Banksia 
Caleyi, Menziesii, and verticillata, It is worthy of 
remark that no genus of Proteaces with more than two 
seeds in the capsule has yet been discovered in Western 
‘Australia. The celebrated Warrata of Sydney, Telopea 
speciosissima of Dr. Brown, and his genera Lomatia and 
Stenocarpus, have many-seeded capsules. 
GARDEN MEMORANDA. 
W. Leaf, Esq., Streatham,—This is one of the few places in 
which a smal) garden, as compared with the size of the house, 
has been made to command and appear to inclose a large tract 
ere been brought together, 
and produce at all seasons 2 veryrich effect. Situated on a con- 
siderable eminence, the house is fronted by a lawn, which slopes 
part of the way down the hill, and then conducts the eye over an 
exceedingly rich woodland scene to Wimbledon Park, and the 
surrounding country. In this broad valley the trees, though 
appearing to form a wood, are actually much scattered, and hence 
occasion an unusual and enchanting variety of surface. iew 
from another part of the garden includes the whole of the Metro- 
polis, with the fine hills to the north and north-west ; and another, 
southwards, takes in those of Addington, a great deal of the 
broad drooping mass of foliage and flowers at the present time ; 
and in winter being very attractive by the redness and regularity 
of its shoots. Although so high, the ground, from having a very 
clayey substratum, requires much draining, and is apt to get 
swampy in wet weather. In a spacious conservatory, immense 
plants of Acdcia pubescens and oxycedrus, the yellow Banksian 
Rose, and Bérberis fascicularis have just ceased blooming ; while 
an enormous Polygala grandiflora and a Bignénia capreolata are 
just in perfection. The mode of treating the plants in this con- 
servatory is to allow afew specimens to grow as large as they 
will; or, in fact, torun almost wild: they thus occupy a consi- 
derable space, and are particularly splendid when in bloom; but 
kill all the slower-growing species. The open portion beneath 
them, when they get so tall and bare at the bottom, is filled up 
temporarily with a succession of flowering plants in pots, such 
as Pelargoniums, tall annuals, Rhododendrons, &c., which will 
receive no injury from being placed there merely while they are 
blossoming. There are other greenhouses, a stove, and some 
frames, for the culture of flowering plants; and in one of these 
Gesuera Cooperi, and some varieties of Gloxinia, are admirably 
grown. The secret in managing them so cleverly seems to be 
giving them a rich soil, and a pretty large pot, keeping them in 
a moist atmosphere, and giving them plenty of water, (occasion« 
ally enriched with manure), while they are advancing. Pine- 
apples, forced Strawberries, &c. are abundant, and good. Twa 
large Vineries, containing old Vines, have lately been altered, and 
the Vines replanted. One was done in March, 1842, andthe other 
last winter. The object of the change has been to contract the 
width of the honses, (which are high,) so as to render their pitch 
rather steep in front; and also to renew the borders, and plant 
the Vines nearer the top. On account of the trees being formerly 
too deeply rooted, the Grapes did not ripen well. Inthe house 
which was done in March of last year, the Vines have now quite 
recovered from the shift, and are bearing freely. Those which were 
remoyed in the past winter are making rather weakly shoots at 
present; though they promise even better than the others did at 
the same period after shifting. By thus retaining the old Vines, 
and not planting fresh ones, several years have been gained in 
regard to the crop, which appears likely to be excellent in future. 
Where the old plants were not worth preserving, and young ones 
are growing up, some specimens in pots have been introduced 
between thgse, and are now ripening their produce well. ie 
Grapes are not much inferior to those on strong planted out 
Vines.—E. K., June 5 
THE NATURALIST’S CORNER.—No. XIII. 
(Continued from page 360.) 
the seeds of the Biva Orellana, is produced the stbstance 
known in commerce by thename of Arnotio. Dyers form 
with it the colour called aurora, and when mixed with 
Lemon-juice and a gum it makes a crimson paint, with 
which the Indians adorn their persons. By the Spaniards 
itis used for the purpose of adding to the colour and 
flavour of chocolate and soups. In Gloucestershire and 
other counties it is employed to colour cheese, and in 
Holland butter is dyed with it. The bark of the tree is 
made into ropes in the West Indies, and the wood is used 
for the purpose of procuring fire by friction. 
50. The Weeping Willow (Salix Babylonica) is said to 
have been introduced into England by the poet Pope, who, 
being with Lady Suffolk when she received a parcel from 
Spain bound with withes, which appeared alive, took one, 
and planted it in his garden. It grew up, and afterwards 
became so well known as Pope’s Willow, at Twickenham. 
This tree is one of the greatest favourites in China, as 
may be inferred from its constant introduction into Chinese 
pictures. Growing on the banks of its native Euphrates, 
near Babylon (whence its name), it was the Willow on 
which the weeping daughters of Zion “hanged their harps.” 
51. The Elder.—Sir James Smith, speaking of the Sam~ 
bucus nigra, or common Elder, which is found abundantly 
in this country, says that our uncertain summer is esta- 
blished by the time that it is in full flower, and entirely 
gone when its berries are ripe. 
(Zo be continued.) 
Mebtehos. 
Theorie der Girtnerei, von John Lindley. 
Theory’ of Horticuliure).—8vo. Vienna. 
(Continued from page 399.) 
Par. 76.—“ It is easy to determine beforehand,” by 
examining the different component parts of leaves, which of 
them will absorb, in its living state, most oxygen in dark- 
. The leaves and green parts of all plants, which 
contain volatile oils, that is, aromatic volatile constituent 
parts, which are converted into resin by the absorption of 
oxygen, will take up more oxygen than such as are defi- 
cient in those substances. Others again, in the sap of 
which tannin and gallic acid occur, oF which contain 
highly-azotised substances, will absorb more onyeee: than 
plants in which those substances are deficient. The expe- 
riments of Saussane are decisive proofs of this. Whilst 
the Agave Americana, with its succulent, scentless, taste- 
less leaves, will only receive 0.3 parts of its volume of 
oxygenin 24 hours if placed in darkness, those plants 
(Lindley’s 
1842, 
