1843.] 
THE GARDENERS CHRONICLE. 
a SISSY prac 
“There are, however, some other features of the disease | 
met with during the summer which cannot be assigned to 
Such, for instance, as @ 
luxuriant shoot being attacked by it—and, if not seen in 
but if the diseased part 
be cut outwith a sharp knife, the economy of the shoot pro- 
In some 
instances, 
attacked when they are but a few inches in length. 
former case may be attributed to the punctures of insects, 
or other accidents, when the water enters, and fermenta- 
tion commences rapidly, having the heat of summer to 
assist it in so doing. Jn the latter case, it may easily be 
traced to buds which have been partially affected ; that 
is, buds which have not been quite abortive, and in which 
the disease has only slightly manifested itself, and, when 
the bud shoots out, it carries the disease (only on the 
bark) with it, not by absorption, but by extension. ‘That 
the disease may be transmitted after its establishment, by 
the force of absorption or the rising of the sap, just as 
coloured infusions are taken up by the living vegetable, 
would seem probable ; but I have never been able to trace 
it. If everit is transmitted, it must be in its early stages, 
before gum is established, as afterwards its so doing seems 
impossible. There are cases of the disease, however, in 
old branches of long standing, which, from their Jack of 
sap, seldom if ever produce gum ; in this case it may be 
transmissible by absorption, but even here I have not been 
able to trace it. It may, and, no doubt, has been sup- 
posed, that it is the disease which renders the buds abor- 
tive in the first instance ; the above experiment, and the 
fact that the abortive buds ina peach-house frequently 
drop out of their receptacle, leaving it completely healed, 
go to prove the contrary.” 
There are also some observations by Mr. Pearson on 
the doctrine of root excretions poisoning land, but for his 
opinion upon this subject, in the case of the Raspberry, 
we must refer to the work itself. 
The Art of Living. By Dr. Henry Duhring. 
8vo. Longman & Co. 
We cannot introduce this work to our readers better than 
in the words of the author, who thus explains his plan :— 
“ Of all the various branches of useful knowledge which 
it can be the object of our endeavours to possess and to 
promote, none appears to me of greater impertance to 
SVCDY: human being, than that knowledge which teaches 
us in what manner, and by what means, we may hope to 
render our existence as pleasant or happy as it possibly 
can be. However, as to teach in a few short essays, like 
the following, so extensive a knowledge as the art of 
living, physically, mentally, and morally considered, could 
not be my object, even if I felt myself capable of under- 
taking so great a task, I have preferred to single out for 
illustration a few of its most important general prin- 
ciples, on the due knowledge and skilful application of 
which our happiness mainly depends, and which to know 
must therefore be of importance to us all. For to expect 
much happiness from an existence with the conditions, 
Jaws, and capabilities of which we hardly, if at all, are 
acquainted, would be expecting to reap where we have 
not sown.’’ 
Among the five principles which are taken by the author 
for discussion is the following —'' that the study of Nature, 
and the practice of Horticulture, constitute the surest 
Soundation of man’s happiness.” He shows how this is, 
in a chapter from which we make the following extract :— 
“As, in order to secure health and cheerfulness, it is not 
only a condition of our nature that we must Jabour, but 
also that we Jabour in such a way as to produce some- 
thing useful or agreeable ; whatever lives, grows, and un- 
dergoes changes before our eyes, if produced by our own 
labour, must be more productive of enjoyment to us than 
Mere brute matter. Hence @ man who plants, prunes, 
and trains trees, strikes plants from cuttings, or sows a 
8rass-plot in his garden, lays, as it has been well observed 
by Mr. Loudon, a more certain foundation for enjoyment, 
than he who builds a wall, shoots at a mark, or plays at 
owls, The pleasure which is enjoyed trom the contem- 
Plation of what we have planned and executed ourselves, 
Js also infinitely greater than the pleasure which can be 
€xperienced by seeing the finest works belonging to, and 
Planned by, another. For our own work is endeared to 
Us by the difficulties we have met with and conquered at 
every step; and every such step has its history, and recalls 
@ train of interesting recollections connected with it. 
The Jove of the beauty and sublimity of nature is also 
an inherent principle in the human soul, though it may 
hot be equally developed, or of the same strength, in 
every individual. And, if we may believe Mr. Repton, 
another high authority in these matters, the good and the 
Wise of all ages have enjoyed their purest and most inno- 
Cent pleasures in a garden, from the beginning of time, 
when the father of mankind was created in a garden, till 
the fulness of time when /Ze, who often delighted in a 
garden, was at last buried init.” 
These extracts so entirely explain the tone and feeling 
Of the author in managing his subject, that all comment 
on our part is superfiuous. We have no doubt that they 
will lead many of our readers to become better acquainted 
with Dr. Duhring’s book, which we can safely recommend 
to their perusal. 
Elements of Practical Agriculture. By David Low, 
Esq., F.R.S.E. 8vo. Longman & Co. 4th edition. 
Tur opinion of the public has been pronounced in favour 
of this excellent book in a manner not to be mistaken. 
It is the best treatise on Agriculture in the language, 
aig this is much the best edition of it. passage in the 
reface is so full of practical wisdom, and is applicable 
with so much justice to Agricultural affairs in their pre- 
sent state, that we cannot do better than quote it, partly 
for its intrinsic value, and portly as an indication of the 
manner in which, in this greatly improved and revised 
edition, Professor Low has extended the matter of his 
valuable pages. 
“Tn the present edition I have entered somewhat more 
than in the previous ones into an explanation of what 
may be termed Principles. Thus, I have treated more in 
detail of the soil, of the external" agents which influence 
it, and especially of the nature of those substances which, 
added to it, increase its productive powers. Public atten- 
tion has been particularly directed to the subject, and 
this is highly to be approved of and encouraged. But we 
must be careful that we do not generalise faster than our 
actual knowledge will warrant, and substitute theories for 
the application of known truths, in the vain hope of 
instructing the farmer and improving Agriculture. We 
may be assured that Agriculture will partake of the advan- 
tages which science and advancing kncwledge are calen- 
lated to afford. But we may retard and not hasten the 
result, if we urge our pace too precipitately, and do not 
consider truly the nature of the art which we seek to 
improve, and the necessary limitations under which our 
principles must be applied. There is just reason to hope 
that Agriculture will be improved by the cautious appli- 
cation to it of the means which other branches of know- 
ledge may supply; but there is little expectation of our 
being able suddenly to open up a short road to the culti- 
vation and improvement of an art, which, more than any 
other, is founded on experience acquired, and which 
demands the application of steady labour, economy of 
means, and practical skill in all its details. I have in the 
ody of the Work, under the head Tillage, and elsewhere, 
adverted especially to this subject, and endeavoured to 
show the mistaken applications which may be made of 
principles to the practice of the farm, and the errors into 
which persons, little conversant with practice, are apt to 
full, with respect to the kinds and degrees of knowledge 
required to be possessed by the practical farmer. With 
the same view, { have treated somewhat more in detail 
than in the former editions of the rarer substances which 
may be employed as manures, chiefly the Alkaline Salts, 
to the more extended use of which the farmers of the 
country have been gradually conducted by the diminished 
cost of production, and the increasing refuse which our 
numerous manufactories afford. It is beyond a question 
that many of these substances are calculated to afford 
valuable subsidiary manures to the farmer, and so to add 
to the general resources of Agriculture. But we must be 
careful that we do not lead the farmer into errors of 
practice by presenting to him conclusions not warranted 
by experience. Various interesting experiments hav 
been recently recorded with different substances, and 
chiefly the Alkaline Salts, and thence their superiority 
has been sometimes too hastily inferred over the manures 
more accessible to the farmer. Now, the knowledge of 
this class of substances, is nothing new to the farmers of 
this and other countries. One of them, Saltpetre, which 
is amongst the most powerful of the class, has been known 
to the farmers of England for more than a century. 
‘When this substance is tried experimentally in competi- 
tion with farm-yard dung, with reference to the effects 
upon any Crops the balance would seem to be all in favour 
of the stronger application. But it is manifest, that, in 
such a case, an essential element of the experiment is 
omitted, namely, the permanence of the effect. Farm- 
yard manure, the produce of the farm itself, and on this 
account alone the most valuable of any manure to the 
farmer, has an effect which is calculated to last for at 
least a course of crops, while the effects of the Alkaline 
Salt are rarely perceptible beyond the season in which it 
is used. When the same substance is tried in competi- 
tion with Lime, the conclusion would seem to be, that it 
was amongst the most useful of manures, and that the 
Lime was comparatively worthless. Yet, while the salt 
exerts an action so transient, the Lime may act for the 
period of an entire lease, and add to the permanent ferti- 
lity of the soil and farm.” 
CALENDAR OF OPERATIONS for the ensuing week. 
One word more about Roses, and I shall quit the ject for some 
es 
wore. Wherever any pretensions to gardening exist, Ros 
m ne cultivated by themselves, and the Rosary ought to form a 
distinct 
me CO 
time to 
st k 
scene of itsell. this is jammed up in 
corner of the grounds, surrounded by parts of the I:wn, and 
py concentric walks of turf. Nothing about an establish- 
n expensive to keep in order than Grass walks, and 
keeping with a well-m 
a7 
‘ore, should form, at least, 
, in almost every Rosary 
latter the 
urf—the 
with 
with ublesome to the 
ms s, is to do away 
with such edg 
a more approp 
darker varieties of the 
p Noth 
place than 
yoot in height, and ne 
of little Fairy Rose buds 
in the season they in th 
are scarce. In the height of 
@ out 0 
finiature, or 
frou 
the: 
admires # 
particular! 
aeatiwe ns Daisy, the Hose-in- 
ose Poly Moss de Meaux Roses, were 
greatest favourites. ‘With very slight forcing these Fairy Roses 
e had in flower @ x 
annually in this way for the London markets, and when the bud is 
|] the winter ; ‘thousands of them are used 
t the bi 
for about 10s. a dozen, and the three best o' 
des Lawrencias, nigra, a en: here are so blush ones, 
d 5 ie 
put they are sickly-looking things, compared with the darker ones. 
o t. 
Pinzry.—li the strongest plants have been potted, it will be time 
enough, for ight 3 bnt unfor- 
tunately the present arrangement of on 
of this mode of proceedure. Every plant must be taken out of the 
tan-bed at once, and the bed is then renewed, 
tanvding to circumstances; and to save the plants from being 
tossed about often most growers prefer potting the whele at once—a 
s, which the introduction of the tank system 
when the le 
night, but 
‘Phe late Grapes ought 
relax the forcing a little at this stage, if th 
up a healthy, moist atmospher ‘ 
Pracu-n0U Keep all these houses as cool as possible ; after 
the late heavy re the laterals are ready for a strong grow th, which 
the least stim i 
M 
s.—In all their stages these plants 
—to be kept rather close, and moist 
d more air, with a smart bottom~ 
os) 
the better. 
snrooms.—This has not been a favourable season for making 
Mushroom-spawn, but it can safely be made yet, and for some. time 
come. (See Mr, Gordon’s judicious remarks on making it, im 
Hains pt Pour water down the paths of the Mushroom- 
house, to keep up a moist atmosphere, unless you are troubled with 
woodlice, when you must use boiling-water on all spare corners in 
the house, to scald them to death, w hich is, after all, the easiest way 
of clearing them. 
act 
se 
604). 
e 
ing of 
sweet and pot-berbs are fit to gather for dry 
t the same time. 1 
y now cleared and dunged, and sown with 
winter Spinach by-and-by. ‘The early Strawberries being over, the 
old beds are trenched, to he ready for thi 
as AS, 
off, the soon 
tillage-land has been much battered together this season with the 
heavy rains. 
ARTICHOKES.—The 
to be coming into use, 
as you gather all that are wanting ; 
the old plants altogether ; and if the suckers are too thick y 
better cut some of them down also, or p i) them away altogether. 
B ROCCOL: xf was there such 2 time for general planting as 
this season. As soon as the surface js dried stir it well between the 
rows, otherwise it will cake together so ard that the plants cannot 
grow well, 
W We) -6—To have a supply of young Carrots: from Christmas 
till the for e ins it is necessary soon to sow. bed of 
Early Horn on, south border, or some other warm pige, This bed 
Fhuuld be fortied of very light soil, and be raised a little above the 
general surface ; and as soon a: the secds are up let them be as: ted 
as much as possible, by stirring the soil, watering if nec 
weeding, &e. &e. 
Lack SPANISH RApIsH.—A bed of these should be sown along- 
side the Carrot-beds. ‘The soil and treatment need not differ much. 
They are useful late in the autumn, W hen the other kinds are not to 
ounig plants put outin the spring onght now 
‘0 succeed the main bed; as soon, therefore, 
for Artichoke bottoms, cut 
—} 
3 
ary, 
and Gooseberries 
that you v prolong so to the young 
Strawberry-plants laid in pots for forcing, 
yell rooted have them up, put them in larger pots, 
@. 
the small pots again, for another lot o' 
1]. —FLOWER-GARDEN AND SHRUBBERY. 
In-door Department. : 
vE.—Now that the spring propagation of stove plants is over— 
that the plants hardly want any more potting—and that it is rather 
© sow biennial stove plants, little more than mere routine 
soon yet t outin 
business is to be done in the sto See, however, that nothing is 
ers and other plants under a course of 
oy : 
out of place among the climbe! D 
training, and do not neglect to let in large portions of air daily. 
GaeENnouse.—The same remarks as above are applicable here 
also. 
CoxservaTonry.—AS we 
will become ot more general inter 
not such summers as the present, plants do not keep lon: 
$80 
uxury, especially if th tory is attached to the living-room 
Tpomecas and Passion-flowers are the chief autumn-climbers for this 
ho the fragrant Mandervilla i is now clustered 
4 é A 
ea 
€ 
‘olens 
from end to end with Jarge bunches of its deliciously-fragrant 
ms. Plumbag is, cut down last May, when coming into 
pb) is now blo he second time, and will be in flower titl 
commodating plant 
din numbers too; it 
will flo when first brought forward, 
ina Vine every intermediate degree up 
tu 
P : 
ing to th 
February, and potte 2 prominent flower-buds 
now, and will be in flower be ad of September; others will, 
@, earry out the succession till the end of next I had 
e he very best of all 
son till June; 01 
It is an Ite 
ian 
, and as 
FLoweEk- 
the different 
at 
ch. 
w 
cannot be too m m 
quantities of these till C 
for a month or two in sa 
Gaurder 
— 
London for the week ending July 27, 1843, as 
¢ Horticultural Garden, Chiswick. 
1 State of the Weather nei 
ob: a 
| 
Wind. | Rain. 
Average | 
Tuly 21. Cloudy and fines overcast 1 | 
PieNet overcast and fine ; slight rain; cloudy; sain ay might 
ary Ccqually, with heavy showers} densely clouded cold rain 
‘ at night. 
4, Cleat; cloudy and fine; clear at night, 
