428 
THE GARDENERS’ 
CHRONICLE. 
[JUNE 24, 
sight. In short, this arrangement is the basis of all 
further proceedings, and the money expended upon it 
is a capital which will pay a most excellent interest 
ever after.— M1. 
Our readers willremember the extraordinary aquatic 
plant, named after her present Majesty, and the 
anxious desire which has been felt to procure it in a 
living state. A year or two ago, a small number of 
seeds reached England, and were dispersed among a 
few gardens, but they invariably failed. We are 
therefore most happy to direct attention to an adver- 
tisement in this day’s Paper, announcing the arrival 
of a fresh supply, from Mr. Schomburgk, who has 
also directed that all the purchasers of the seeds for- 
merly sold shall be supplied with other seeds without 
charge. Thus we hope this magnificent flower will 
be at last secured to our gardens. 
REMARKS UPON THE CULTIVATION OF TER- 
RESTRIAL ORCHIDACE®. 
By Freprrick Orro.—(From the Gartenzeilung.) 
Ir is well known that the Orchises of the north of 
Europe seldom thrive in gardens. The principal cause of 
this failure is no doubt the neglect of the rule, that all 
plants should be transplanted when they have arrived at 
the greatest perfection and have completed their gay 
flowers. The inexperienced eye cannot distinguish a 
large part of these plants before they are in blossom, nor 
afterwards, when they wither and are hardly visible above- 
ground ; so that it would seem as if it were indispensable 
that they should be transplanted when in their tenderest 
state, if they are to be had in gardens at all. Neverthe- 
less, all cultivators agree as to this time being the most 
unseasonable of any. It is, however, possible to transplant 
them when in flower, if they are taken up with a ball of 
earth at their roots, so that neither the roots nor flower- 
stalks are injured; and this is tolerably easy, because a 
great part of the Orchises grow in damp meadows, where 
the earth which surrounds the roots does not readily fall 
off; and in such cases the plant may be removed without 
its growth being injured. But in the absence of this pre- 
caution, it is idle to transplant Orchises during their time 
of growth. Their roots would never recover the injury 
caused by such disturbance, and we should wait in vain 
for their re-appearance the next year. 
The best time for transplanting Orchises is really in 
autumn, when the plants are in a state of rest; and the 
cultivator must devise the means of finding them, although 
they are almost withered upon the ground. There can 
be no doubt that this is the proper time for transplanting ; 
and I find that our species brought from the Tyrol, Switz- 
erland, and Italy, where their tubercles have been pro- 
perly preserved, will unfold in the following spring, and 
produce strong blossoms, although they are cultivated and 
t in pots. 
ut this is not all that must be attended to. When 
our native species are transplanted into gardens great care 
should be taken as to their situation and soil. I have 
often remarked that they grow much better if placed 
between other plants, as they there find themselves in 
their natural situation. And this is an additional reason 
for the opinion I have already mentioned, viz., they should 
be brought into the garden not only with the whole of 
their ball of earth, but also with all the sorts of plants 
belonging to it. Experience has taught me that whatever 
attention we may pay to our Orchises, and however exactly 
their natural soil is imitated, yet if they are cultivated in 
neatly-kept beds, they never thrive so well asif they stood 
among the other plants which naturally surround them— 
a peculiar quality which appears to be well worth attention. 
Tt would be well to find out whether this species retain 
this habit in other gardens. Experience has taught that 
the greater part of the Swiss and Tyrolese Alpine Or- 
chises, as well as those from the south of Europe, are best 
cultivated in pots; but inthis situation the plants weaken 
from year to year, until the tubercles at last disappear. 
If we would retain them longer in our gardens, particular 
attention must be paid to the soil in which they grow ; 
and it would probably be best to cultivate them in boxes 
which may be covered during the winter months. 
In conclusion, it may be useful to those who would 
collect the northern species and introduce them into 
gardens to know the situation and soil in which they natu- 
rally grow. With this view I submit the following list :— 
Malaxis paludosa, upon very wet peat earth, among 
Sph 
Corallorrhizs innata, upon stumps of roots in wooded 
peaty marshes. 
Liparis Loeselii, in peat meadows, among Sphagnum. 
Orchis morio, in meadows and pastures. 
palustris, in damp meadows, often half under water. 
»» mascula, in meadows and pastures. 
») pallens, upon chalk in mountain meadows. 
»)  variegata, in loamy mountain-pastures, 
», Militaris, in meadows. 
fusca, upon chalk in mountain meadows. 
s,» coriophora, in meadows. 
ustulata, in meadows. 
in\meadows. 
camptis pra alis, in meadows. 
‘ymnadenia,conopen, in meadows. 
: lora, in meadows. 
eee in dry meadows, on mountains, and in 
ING YIT5 
Nouv'y 
Herminium Monorchis, in meadows. 
Ophrys Myodes, in shady forests, particularly upon chalk. 
»»  arachnites, in meadows, also upon limestone. 
»»  apifera, upon limestone hills. 
Epipogium Gmelini, upon mouldering roots of trees, in 
mountainous woods. 
Spiranthes gutumnalis, in meadows. 
Neottia Nidus avis, growing upon roots of trees in woods. 
Listera ovata, in damp places in common woods. 
>, cordata, in mountain meadows and woods. 
Epipactis latifolia, in forests. 
ey atrorubens,in mountain woods, particularly upon 
limestone. 
ie viridiflora, in shady places. 
te palustris, in meadows, 
Goodyera repens, in Fir woods among moss. 
Cephalanthera rubra, in shady woods. 
3 ensifolia, in shady forests. 
Cypripedium calceolus, in shady woods, 
TRELLIS FOR CLIMBERS. 
ON RENDERING VINES PRODUCTIVE. 
Serine some remarks by ‘‘ Mr. R. Errington,” at page 
211, also by ‘‘ A Grape Grower,”’ at page 286, on ‘‘ Mr. 
Roberts’s Treatise on the Vine,” reviewed by you at pp. 
103 and 119, has induced me to forward the following, 
which is merely a copy of a short communication given to 
Mr. R. Thompson, of the Horticultural Society’s Garden, 
at the meeting of the 13th June, 1840, when I received 
the thanks of the Society for forwarding my Grapes. 
The Grapes forwarded along with that communication 
were of the third crop, from Vines planted in the begin- 
ning of May, 1837. 
The object in view when planted having been obtained 
—viz., a plentiful supply of fruit in as short a time as 
possible,—I forward the account of the mode of treat- 
ment adopted, for the benefit of those who may be simi- 
larly situated. 
Two Vineries were erected at Hawkstone, Salop, (the 
seat of the Right Hon. Viscount Hill,) in the spring of 
1837—the one for an early, the other for a late House. 
The borders were thrown out three feet deep and thirty 
wide; and after taking every precaution necessary for 
preventing a stagnation of water, they were filled up with 
the following mixture, viz. :— 
To every six loads of turfy loam were added—one load 
of well-rotted manure, one load of leaf-mould, half a load 
of sand, and a quarter of a load of bone-dust, The whole 
being well incorporated and slightly trodden, the Vines 
were planted in the following manner :— 
Having selected them principally of one year’s growth 
from the bud, with from three to six feet of well-ripened 
wood, after removing all the buds except the leading one, 
and having slit them under every other bud (previously 
removed) and placed a small piece of decayed wood to 
keep it open, for the purpose of making them root more 
freely in the following post hird leaf. Id, 
one-third decayed tan, one-third sand,—part of the above 
compost was laid on the surface of the prepared borders, 
when the Vines were laid on it, and entirely covered 
(except the leading bud) with the same mixture. 
That year they were allowed to grow without stopping 
the leading shoots, many of them exceeding 20 feet in 
length, and when pruned there was left from 10 to 15 
feet of well-ripened wood, thicker than many which I have 
seen of three and four years’ planted Vines. 
n commencing to force the early Vinery, in March, 
1838, by proper attention to heat and moisture, there 
were few buds that missed ; the result was a supply of 
Grapes from July, 1838, to February, 1839. 
In 1839, the forcing commenced in February, the Vines 
being previously pruned on the close-spur system, the 
supply of Grapes lasting from June, 1839, to March, 
1840, the last being cut on the 8th of that month. 
In the year 1840, the early Vinery was commenced in 
January, the Grapes panying my icati 
to the Society being part of the produce. 
To this I may add that, after the drains were laid and 
filled in with stones, the border was perhaps not more 
than two feet deep. But planting the Vines is nothing to 
the means you must use for bringing them on afterwards, 
as without attention to their daily wants you cannot be 
certain of success, though you may, by chance, hit the 
mark. As facts are not easily disputed, and as your 
Chronicle is widely circulated in this and the surrounding 
counties, I beg to inform your readers that I have this 
season re-laid on a similar plan two Vineries, which I 
shall feel a pleasure in showing to any who ‘ labour in the 
Vineyard,’’ or other respectable persons who may feel an 
interest in scrutinising the effects produced.—James Mac- 
donald, Mount Shannon, Castle Connell, Ireland, 
AMATEUR’S GARDEN.—No. XXV. 
I aM sorry to find that the remarks I made relative to 
the spot on Mr. Cock’s Pelargoniums have given offence, 
for in referring to them I merely wished to show that the 
Amateur could not be surprised at his plants being attacked, 
since the best cultivator in the country had not been able 
to avert the disease ; and I regret it the more because, as 
Mr. Cock has publicly denied the statement, he has com- 
pelled me, in justice to myself, in the same manner to 
prove that if I was in error, that error originated with Mr, 
Cock himself. 
The facts are these: in looking over the grounds of the 
Duke of Devonsbire, at Chiswick, early in February, I 
noticed to Mr. Edmonds that his Pelargoniums had the 
disease, and the conversation turning upon the subject, 
he stated that Mr. Cock was in trouble about it, and a 
short time before had destroyed some of his plants, alleg- 
ing that if he did not it would spread through the whole 
collection. I mentioned the subject again to Mr. Edmonds 
on Saturday last, and he assured me he perfectly recollected, 
to use his own words, ‘ the earnest manner in which Mr. 
C. spoke of it.’” 
Had Mr. Cock addressed me privately in this matter I 
would with pleasure have modified or withdrawn the 
statement ; but as he did not he must not now blame me 
for clearing myself, though it be at his expense. As, how- 
ever, it appears Mr. C. experienced no difficulty in ridding 
his plants of the disease, 1 am sure he will be conferring 
a great favour on a number of the readers of the Gar- 
deners’ Chronicle, both amateurs and practical gardeners, 
if he states the particulars of the treatment to which his 
diseased plants were subjected. 
The learned President of the Microscopical Society 
assures me there is no trace of insects in the leaf of the 
diseased plants, and therefore I suppose all my former 
speculations are worthless. Indeed, no person, with the 
exception of Mr. Cock, appears to understand the disease, 
as one attributes it to cold, a second to deleterious parti- 
cles in the soil, a third to damp, and so on ; almost every 
person ascribing it to a different cause. But let its origin 
be what it may, it is pretty certain that it is a contagious 
disease, and that neither heat nor cold, nor drought nor 
moisture, will prevent it for any length of time; but if 
the infected part be merely pricked with the point of a pen- 
knife when first perceptible, the disease will not spread any 
further in that part, as I have satisfactorily proved within 
the last fortnight ; I therefore still say, prevent its spread- 
ing as far as possible, and in every available manner. 
Never, in the whole course of my practice, had wesuch 
an unfavourable season for flower-gardening, for in 
thousands of instances half-hardy plants are not so large 
as they were six weeks back ; and now, instead of drench- 
ing rain, we have parching days, and cold dewless nights. 
But whatis to be done? Why, in many cases, tender 
spring-propagated plants must be taken up again, and the 
eds planted with something more hardy ; and those that 
are left must have the soil well stirred about them to the 
depth of two inches, to make a light surface and prevent 
the evaporation of moisture. Peg the plants down as they 
require it, and train them so as to cover the ground as 
quickly as possible. One thing, however, this season has 
taught me, and that is, that in this uncertain climate 
there is no dependance to be placed in spring: propagated 
plants for bedding out. Circumstances have compelle 
me;to plant out about ten thousand plants, propagated 
since March, and in almost every instance they will be 4 
month later before they are in bloom than those propa 
gated inthe autumr. I can therefore with confidence 
say to the inexperienced,—if any one tells you that spring 
is the best time to propagate plants for bedding out, 40 
not believe him.—W. P. Ayres. 
HOME CORRESPONDENCE, 
Heating Apparatus.—1 observe at p. 345 of the 
Gardeners’ Chronicle a second inquiry respecting bottom: 
heat by tan, similar to the inquiry at p. 305 by ‘¢ Amateur. 
The following plan may be relied on as having been fairly 
proved at Fortan Cottage, near Lancaster, the residence 
of R. Tangue, Esq., and it has far exceeded his expecta- 
tions for raising seedlings and keeping plants in winter 
By a slight inspection of the figure it will be easily under- 
stood. An im- 
closure is made 
wide, 2h op 
high, and 18 CO 
ved over with 
stone flags. Then 
there are placed 
thereon two hot- 
bed frames, and & 
quantity of sand. 
is placed in them 
for the seed-pans 
and pots to sian 
upon. A, fire is 
ade in the in- 
closure, of turf, the ashes of which will keep hot for a long 
