TH 
E GARDENERS 
CHRONICLE. 
[Ocr. 14, 
stained at this particular moment from touching upon 
any events connected with the internal government of the 
University, relying upon a favourable construction being 
put upon his acts, and requesting a continuance of the 
good feeling and co-operation he had experienced. 
usual oaths having been administered, the following heads 
of houses were nominated Pro-Vice-Ch Hors : 
= 
® 
was numerously attended, and no less than 68 ploughs 
were on the ground. Colonel Wood, M.P., presided at 
the dinner, after which the prizes for ploughing, haybind- 
ing, consisting of sums of money, ranging from 5/. to 11, 
and others from 2/. 10s. to 10s., were distributed to the 
successful competitors. 
Tei, h he Ci 
1, 7 
Dr. Marsham, Warden of Merton; Rev. Dr. Hawkins, 
Provost of Oriel; Rev. Dr. Symonds, Warden of Wadham ; 
and the Rev. Dr. Plumptre, Master of University. The 
delegates of appeal in the case of M’Mullen v. Hamp- 
en were sworn in on Wednesday in the University Court, 
after which the Proctor for the Regius Professor of 
Divinity delivered his appeal against the decision of the 
Assessor, admitting the plaintiff’s libel. The Court was 
then adjourned till the 25th inst. A vacancy has occurred 
in the Vinerian Professorship of Common Law by the 
death of the Rev. P. Williams, D.C.L:, formerly Fellow 
of New College. Dr. Williams was elected Vinerian Pro- 
fessor in 1824, The appointment of his successor rests 
with the members of Convocation. 
Rochester.—The Bishop of Rochester commenced the 
i —The en of the parish of 
West Teignmouth has addressed a letter to the Bishop of 
Exeter, informing him “ that a large number of the parish- 
ioners of that parish are decidedly opposed to the Offer- 
tory, that such is the hostility shown to it, that a great 
part of the congregation have actually left the church, 
and that there is great cause to fear that if the observance 
be continued, the church will be entirely forsaken.’”? To 
this the bishop has replied in a long letter, from which 
the following is an extract:—‘‘ The law, by which your 
minister is bound to regulate his ministrations, requires 
him to read some portion of the Offertory whenever any 
part of the Communion Service is read, whether the Holy 
Sacrament be administered or not,and heisnomoreatliberty 
to omit this portion of that service, than any other. For 
the same reason, I have no more right ‘to command the 
the rubbish thrown aside in a few minutes. Several 
scientific gentlemen, who were present, expressed their 
surprise at the tremendous power of the machine. Mr. 
Cochrane stated that the heap of earth was not of a suffi- 
ciently firm nature to afford proper resistance to the cut~ 
ting part of the instrument. When the opposing body 
was weighty and strong, the powers of the machine were, 
he remarked, infinitely better tested. One of these 
machines is now in use on the Hastern Counties Railroad. 
—The following is an extract froma Frankfort paper: 
“ Some time ago, several papers stated that our townsman, 
Philip Wagner, had so far finished his electro-magnetic 
locomotive for railways, as that a perfectly successful 
result remained no longer doubtful. This was correct ; 
and at present he has completed it at the workshops of 
the Taunus railway. Next month, as we understand from 
good authority, a scientific commission, appointed by the 
German Diet, will examine and try it, for the purpose of 
reporting to the Diet, whether the engine is entitled to 
the national premium of 100,000 florins whic. the Diet 
promised for this important invention. Persons well 
acquainted with Mr. Wagner entertain not the slightest 
doubt that he has completely solved this great problem, 
have to forbid the sermon. which has engaged the scientific world, all over Europe, 
Whitehaven.—The colliers’ strike may be considered | for so many years.’” 
at an end; nearly all the men have returned to their work Ree Saas 
triennial visitation of his diocese on Monday. After 
i alluding to the “Tracts for the Times,”’ and expressing 
his disagreement with most of their doctrines, particularly 
i, those relating to the sacraments, the invocation of saints 
discontinuance of the Offertory ” (as you suggest) than I 
? 
i and prayers for the dead, on which points he thought 
the writers were in serious error, his Lordship  pro- 
ceeded to remark on some of the ceremonies which the 
writers of the Tracts and other persons in the Church 
were anxious to revive. In these enlightened days he 
could not have conceived that the adoption of the surplice 
during the delivery of the sermon should have occasioned 
so much controversy, and have engendered so much ill 
feeling. It had always been the custom for the preacher 
to wear the surplice, and in many country parish churches 
the same course was pursued as a matter of convenience. 
For some years he held a curacy in the diocese of Lincoln, 
and his invariable practice during the whole of that time 
was to wear the surplice in the pulpit in preference to 
the academical gown. It was an indifferent thing in 
itself; but, considering the temper of the times and 
the unsettled state of the Church, he thought it most 
advisable, when the congregation objected to preach- 
ing in the surplice, to pay some respect to their pre- 
judices, and abandon the practice, so that they might not 
be apprehensive of any danger. He trusted that so 
trifling a question would never be allowed to vex and 
irritate the minds of congregations, much less become a 
badge of party distinction. The position of the reading- 
desk in churches had also become matter for discussion. 
The Rubric directed that morning and evening prayer 
should be said in the usual place, except differently ordered 
by the Ordinary. There was no rule to induce the 
minister to turn to the north or the south, or to any other 
point of the compass. The only direction given was that 
he should place himself in that position on which he would 
be most easily understood by the congregation. Turning 
the back to the congregation involved the Popish notion 
of praying for and not with the people. The form of the 
desk had also been disputed. He regretted that such 
trifling should occupy the minds of the clergy; at the 
same time, he was bound to state that he rejoiced in the 
exertion. that were being made for the restoration of our 
ecclesiastical edifices. Psalmody was another subject on 
which he wished to say a few words. Various alterations 
had been made, and into some churches unauthorised and 
objectionable versions of psalms and hymns had been 
introduced. It was impossible for the people to join in 
that part of the Church service unless they had those 
books in their possession, and that could scarcely be 
expected. He would recommend that from henceforth a 
return should be made to the new version of the Psalms 
of David, as found in the Book of Common Prayer, for 
which the Church had made especial provision. In some 
places offence had been taken at the practice of bowing to 
the altar on entering and leaving the church. e him- 
self had certainly never been in the habit of following this 
practice, still he did not see anything objectionable in it. 
If it proved a satisfaction to any pious mind, he would 
certainly not say a word to discourage it. The duty of 
daily service in our parish churches had been much insisted 
on of late. There could be little doubt that the practice 
was productive of much good when carried out, but in 
most cases it was utterly impracticable and incompatible 
with the discharge of the parochial duties to which every 
clergyman should devote a large portion of his time and 
attention. In large and populous towns the revival of the 
custom might be attended with success. On this subject 
he would make no request, but would leave the question 
as it stood in the Rubric. Strict obedience to the rule 
would be found impossible, and had never been insisted 
on. At the same time he was anxious to impress upon 
the clergy the necessity of a regular observance of saints’ 
days and the other holydays of the Church. The weekly 
offertory and the prayer for the Church militant had pro- 
voked much discussion. He would recommend the clergy 
to adhere closely to the practice which had prevailed so 
long. The remark of the Archbishop of Canterbury in 
which he deprecated the use of obsolete customs, which 
to the ignorant might have the appearance of novelties, 
and occasion dissatisfaction and dissension, he fully agreed 
with, and was anxious to press it upon the attention of 
the clergy of his diocese. In conclusion, his lordship 
exhorted the. clergy to approve themselves faithful minis- 
ters, and there would 
observances, or for the 
Shepperton.—The South-West Middlesex Agricultural 
Society held their meeting in this: place on Friday. It 
after signing a pledge not to belong to the union, and the 
troops sent to maintain order have returned to Carlisle. 
Windsor and Eton.—On Monday, Her Majesty and 
Prince Albert strolled through the slopes, across the Home 
Park, to the new dog-kennel and aviary, and from thence 
through the dairy, to the new Royal gardens at Frog- 
more. The Queen and Prince, who were plainly attired 
and unattended, promenaded for nearly an hour in the 
gardens, the workmen being unconscious of their pre- 
sence. Her Majesty and the Prince then walked through 
the private shrubberies, and paid a visit to the Duchess 
of Kent at Frogmore House, returning to the Castle 
through the new plantations in the Home Park. When 
midway between the kennel and the Castle, a heavy 
shower set in, the rain descending in torrents, and Her 
Majesty and the, Prince were completely drenched.—It is 
stated by a Reading paper that the whole line of road, 
from the entrance of the Long-walk to the double gates, 
will shortly be railed in ; and that horsemen and carriages 
will not be permitted, as heretofore, to travel on the turf, 
or between the trees.—Prince Albert’s annual prize of 
50/., for the promotion of the study of modern languages 
at Eton, was adjudged on Saturday by M. Tasche and Dr. 
Bernays, as follows:—French and German: first. prize, 
35/. in money, to be received on leaving school, awarded to 
Whymper; second prize, 5/. in books, to Marsh. The 
following were selected as having greatly distinguished 
themselves :—Richards, Beaumont, Stratton, Dugdale, 
and Duckworth. German (only): prize of 52. in books, 
Marsh; 2, Richards; 3, Whymper; 4, Dugdale ; 5, Beau- 
mont; 6, Stratton.— French (only): books to the value 
of 51, 1, Whymper; 2, Stratton; 3, Peel ; 4, Beaumont 3 
5, Franks; Boileau and Sir M.S. Stewart bracketted as 
equal. There were twenty-two candidates for the French 
prizes, and eighteen for the German. 
Railways,—The following are the returns for the past 
week :—Birmingham and Derby, 1,576/.; Birmingham 
and Gloucester, 2,205/.; Mastern Counties, 2,969/. ; 
Edinburgh and Glasgow, 2,587/. ; Great Western, 14,6541. ; 
Grand Junction, 8,285/,; Glasgow, Paisley, and Ayr, 
1,9572.; Great North of England, 1,544/.; Hull and 
Selby, 1,216/.; London and Birmingham, 17,705/.; 
South Western, 6.897/.; Blackwall, 935/.; Greenwich, 
814/.; Brighton, 5,155/.; Croydon, 909/. ; Liverpool and 
Manchester, 4,503/.; Manchester and Leeds, 5,535/. ; 
Midland Counties, 3,070/.; Manchester and Birmingham, 
3,532/.; Northern and Hastern, 1,701/.; North Midland, 
5,071/.; South-Eastern and Dover, 4,829/.; Sheffield and 
Manchester, 5587. ; and York and North Midland, 1,9984. 
—It is fully expected that the Dover Railway will be 
opened throughout before the end of next month. 
Friday, another blast of simultaneous explosions from 
twenty-five batteries took place upon the Cliff, at the end 
of the Abbott’s tunnel, two miles from Dover. Upwards 
of 3,600lbs. of gunpowder were exploded.—The move- 
ment of troops, occasioned by the Repeal agitation in 
Treland, the Rebeccaites in Wales, and the Free-Church 
rioters in Scotland, has been beneficial to the railways. 
On the Grand Junction line, soldiers are carried from Bir- 
mingham to Liverpool at the rate of from 9s. to 10s. a 
head, so that the conveyance of a regiment of 800 men, 
such as the 34th, which arrived at Liverpool on Friday 
week, must have cost little less than 400/. from Birming- 
ham, and perhaps half as much from Weedon to that 
place.—The Journal des Chemins de Fer says : ‘‘ An 
inventor announces that he has found a composition 
which will reduce to a mere trifle the price of rails for 
railroads. He replaces the iron by a combination of 
Kaolin clay (tiat used for making pottery and china) with 
a certain metallic substance, which gives a body so hard 
as to wear out iron, without being injured by it in turn. 
One hundred kilogrammes of this substance would cost 
less than 15f., and would furnish 23 metres of rail. The 
Kaolin clay is abundant in France, and the Valley of the 
Somme contains immense quantities of it.’’? The Paris 
papers also state that a trial of an immense machine for 
cutting railroads, named by the inventor, Mr. Cochrane, 
a native of the United States, ‘‘The Railway Excavator,” 
was made a few days ago in the premises of Messrs. Var- 
rall and Co., engine and machine-makers, in the Avenue 
Trudaine. A large heap of earth and stones was placed 
5 
at one extremity of the yard, and the machine having been 
set to work by means of a steam-engime of 20-horse power 
forming part of it, the greater part was cut through and 
IRELAND. 
Dublin.—On the afternoon of Saturday the following 
proclamation was issued at Dublin by the Lord Lieu- 
tenant and Council of Ireland :—‘t Whereas it has been 
publicly announced that a meeting is to take place at or 
near Clontarf, on Sunday, the 8th of October inst., for 
the alleged purpose of petitioning Parliament for a repeal 
of the Legislative Union between Great Britain and Ire- 
land: And whereas advertisements and placards have 
been printed and extensively circulated, calling on those 
persons who propose to attend the said meeting on horse- 
back to meet and form in procession, and to march to the 
said meeting in military order and array: And whereas 
meetings of large numbers of persons have already been 
held in different parts of Ireland, under the like pretence, 
at several of which meetings language of a seditious and 
inflammatory nature has been addressed to the persons 
there assembled, calculated and:intended to excite discon- 
tent and disaffection in the minds of her Majesty’s subjects, 
and to bring into hatred and contempt the Government 
and constitution of the country, as by law established : 
And whereas at some of the said meetings such seditious 
and inflammatory language has been used by persons who 
have signified their intention of being present at, and 
taking part in, the said meeting so announced to be held 
at or near Clontarf: And whereas the said intended meet- 
ing is calculated to excite reasonable and well-grounded 
apprehension that the motives and objects of the persons 
to be assembled thereat are not the fair legal exercise 
of constitutional rights and privileges, but to bring into 
hatred and contempt the government and constitution of 
the United Kingdom as by Jaw established, and to 
accomplish alterations in the laws and constitution of 
the realm by intimidation and the demonstration of 
physical force :—Now we, the Lord-Lieutenant, by and 
with the advice of her Majesty’s Privy Council, being 
satisfied that the said intended meeting so proposed to be 
held at or near Clontarf, as aforesaid, can only tend to 
serve the ends of factious and seditious persons, and to 
the violation of the public peace, do hereby strictly cau- 
tion and forewarn all persons whatsoever, that they do 
abstain from attendance at the said meeting: and we 
hereby give notice, that if, in defiance of this our pro- 
clamation, the said meeting shall take place, all persons 
attending the same shall be proceeded against according 
to law. we do hereby order and enjoin all magis- 
trates and officers entrusted with the preservation of the 
public peace, and others whom it may concern, to be 
aiding and assisting in the execution of the law in pre- 
venting the said meeting, and in the effectual dispersion 
and suppression of the same, and in the detection and 
prosecution of those who, after this notice, shall offend in 
the respects aforesaid. Given at the Council Chamber in 
Dublin, this 7th day of October, 1843.— Edward B. Sug- 
den, C., Donoughmore, Eliot, F. Blackburne, E. Blake- 
ney, Fred. Shaw, T. B. C. Smith.’’—Various collateral 
circumstances concurred in proving that this determina- 
tion of the Irish Government had been formed after the 
most mature consideration, and that they had neglected 
no means to insure its efficiency. Lord De Grey and the 
Lord Chancellor arrived on Friday, having been ordered 
back to their posts at a few hours’ notice ; a sudden stop 
was put to Lord Cardigan’s leave of absence from his regi” 
ment; the 34th Foot were embarked on Friday at Livert- 
pool, and further reinforcements were expected from Scot 
land. The managing committee of the Repeal Associatio? 
assembled immediately after the Lord Lieutenant’s pto- 
clamation appeared. Mr. O’Connell presided, and dic- 
tated the following counter-proclamation, as it is terme! 
in the Repeal organs. It was issued at six o’clock in the 
evening, in large placards, with the Irish crown and harp 
at the top:—‘* Whereas, there has appeared, under the 
signatures of ‘E. B. Sugden, C., Donoughmore, Eliot, 
F. Blackburne, E. Blakeney, Fred. Shaw, T. B. C- Smith, 
a paper being, or purporting to be, a proclamation, drawn 
up in very loose and inaccurate terms, and manifestly 
misrepresenting known facts ; the objects of which appear 
to be, to prevent the public meeting intended to be b 
to-morrow, the 8th instant, at Clontarf, to petition Par- 
liament for the Repeal of the baleful and destructive ae 
sure of the Legislative Union. And whereas such. La, 
clamation has not.appeared until late in the Sea aHNeG 
this Saturday, the 7th, so that it is utterly imposs! os Pe 
the knowledge of its existence could be communicate: 
