74 
tion it appears as a very much depressed oval (Figs. 1 and 2). 
The epibasal portion is larger than the hypobasal and the 
quadrant divisions are often still evident. Whether octant cells 
are formed in all the quadrants could not be positively deter- 
mined, but it is quite likely that this is not always the case. 
In both Kaulfussia and Angiopteris, and this is probably true 
also in the other genera, there can usually be found in the 
young embryo a nearly centrally placed large cell (Fig. 1, st) 
which looks as if it might be the initial cell of the young 
stem. The position of this cell is largely like that of the apical 
cell of the stem in the embryo of Equisetum and Botrychium. 
The older embryo (Fig. 2) shows the depressed form, but 
this is less marked. I'he basal wall can still be imperfectly 
followed, the hypobasal origin of the embryo being made up 
of the large cells which constitute the foot, while in the epi 
basal region cell-division is much more active, and the rudi- 
ments of the stem and cotyledon can be recognized, although : 
the embryo still retains its oval outline. The growth is most 
active in the central region of the epibasal part of the embry® 
and as we have seen, there can usually be distinguished a large 
central cell which is presumably thé single initial of the stem 
apex. On one side of the stem apex cell-division is active, and 
this area marks the beginning of the cotyledon. The limits of : 
this growth area are not sharply defined, and it is doubtful 
whether it can be traced back to a single quadrant or octant 
cell, being apparently not always constant in its position, as 
Brebner believed was the case also in Danaea. Indeed, it some 
times looks as if the stem apex and the cotyledon both aro 
from the same quadrant, the second epibasal quadrant cont 
buting also to the foot. 
Up to a comparatively late period no trace of the root ¢? — 
be seen, and it is evident that the root is not an external orga 
as it is in the leptosporangiate ferns, where it can easily ' : 
traced back to one of the hypobasal quadrants. The first int 
cation of the root. in both Kaulfussia and Angiopteris, and oe 
same is true of Danaea and probably also of Marattia, 1 al - 
