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Sumatra and Borneo; but, some of the most careful work on 
the swamp has been done in Java. According to Junenunn, 
the mangrove is of very general occurrence on the north coast; 
but, occurs in only a few places, as the ,Kinderzee” on the 
south coast. 
Borneo. 
This island shows much the most highly developed and ex- 
tensive swamps of the region. The low level of a large part 
of the island, the numerous large rivers and the absence of 
violent storms have all been favorable to the development of 
great swamp-areas. At places along some of the rivers, the 
tide is felt at distances in excess of one hundred nautical miles 
from the coast. Some of the elements of the mangrove are 
found to almost the extreme limit of tidal change. This ac- 
counts for a great area within which the swamp-species may 
occur. Within the area included, the tide follows many tor- 
tuous channels and forms many little lagoons which are often 
parallel to the coast. The method of formation of these is gra- 
phically shown by Wurrneap (Exploration of Kinabalu. London, 
1893, 128). 
Some of the most notable of these swamp-areas are as fol- 
lows, beginning with the northwest coast: 
Brunei Bay. — This is a very shallow bay and is bordered 
by almost continuous swamp. It receives a number of rivers, 
each of which is swampy in its lower stretches. One cutch- 
company has its factory on this bay. 
The Baram River is a very large stream which is tidal for 
about eighty miles. At a number of places along its lower 
course there are patches of nipa and mangrove. 
The Rejang River is tidal for about one hundred and twenty- 
five miles. It has a very large delta, which is said to be almost 
entirely a swamp. 
The Saribus and Batang Lupar are also large streams with 
wide belts of mangrove. 
