323 
others which have swamps of good size. It is safe to say that 
there are several thousand square miles of mangroves in Borneo. 
Philippine Islands. 
The swamps here are often of small size and badly cut over. 
There are, however, a number of places in the islands where 
the highly developed swamps are still comparatively untou- 
ched. The only large unworked swamps remaining on the island 
of Luzon are in its south-eastern portion in the Province of 
Tayabas. 
In Mindoro, Palawan and Mindanao the R/izophoraceae reach 
as large size as anywhere in their range. Sonneratia also seems 
to reach its maximum development in Mindanao. 
Other Islands. 
Throughout the Malay Region, all the islands of any con- 
siderable size, show more or less extensive areas of mangrove; 
but, none others are so extensive as those already described. 
The effort has been made to show on the map the distribution 
of these areas, so far as it is known to me. 
The nipa-swamp has been considered as a part of the man- 
grove for our purpose; because, the nipa and mangrove occur 
under so nearly the same conditions and are often found in 
alternating stretches along tidal streams. They are very inti- 
mately mixed in many places. I am well aware that there is 
great likelihood of error in a map of this sort; but, | think 
that it will show the general regions of occurrence of the 
mangrove with a fair amount of accuracy. 
The table accompanying this shows the recorded distribution 
of the true mangroves, so far as I have been able to follow it. 
The wide spread and uniform distribution of most of the 
Species is very well shown. 
