eee pe Ges ne ee OE: Saad ed Iai 
eee 
327 
ff. Sepals more than in the preceding, united to top ot 
fruit, not white; seedling cylindrical or faintly ribbed; 
bark with very large lenticular spots. 
Bruguiera. 
gy. Lvs. dark green; fls. more than 2.5 cm. long; 
seedling more than | cm. in diameter; fls. solitary. 
4. Large trees; fls. red. Bruguiera gymnorrhiza. 
4h, Smaller trees; fis. yellow. 
Bruguiera ertopetala, 
gg. luvs. pale yellowish green; fis. less than 2,5 cm. 
long; seedling less than 1] em. in diameter; pedun- 
cles 3- or more flowered. 
A. Sepals reflexed from apex of fruit. 
Bruguiera caryophylloides. 
hh. Pepale erect, less than 1/4 the length of ovary. 
Bruguiera parvifiora. 
Species Notes. 
The following notes are intended to give as briefly as may 
be the distribution, common names, chief uses and special cha- 
racteristics of the different species making up these swamps. 
Fam. PALMAE. 
Nipa fruticans Wurmb. Nipa. 
(Mipa littoralis Blanco). 
Tropical Asia (except British India), Malaya, tropical Australia. 
This often forms solid stands over considerable areas. It often 
occurs mixed with the true mangrove-formation. Where it is 
most highly developed, the presence of nipa along a stream 
Indicates a channel having a good depth of water. 
This is the most variously and extensively used of any of 
the swamp plants. The leaves are the most generally used 
material for roofing in the tropical east, at any rate in that 
portion which has ready communication with the coast. The 
leaves are also made up into mats, walls and baskets. The 
