330 
Fam. SoNNERATIACEAE. 
Sonneratia acida lL f. Pedada, P’dada (Malay). 
(Sonneratia caseolaris (L.) Engl.) 
(Sonneratia lanceolata Bl.) 
British India and Burma, Malay Peninsula and Archipelago, 
the Philippine Islands. 
This is a tree of the upper stretches of the tidal streams. 
It is often a small tree, forming a thin fringe along the bank 
of the stream. The wood is white and moderately hard. The 
pnheumatophores are much smaller than in the other common 
species. The bark contains a moderate amount of tannin but 
is not often used because other mangrove-species, richer in 
tannin, are more readily available. 
The fruit is slightly acid and is used as an article of diet. 
It is also used in making vinegar. It is said that the fruit- 
eating bats are very fond of this fruit and often roost on this tree. 
Sonneratia Pagatpat Blanco. Pagatpat (Philippines): Perapat, 
P’rapat (Malay). 
Malay Archipelago, Philippine Islands. 
This is a tree of the outer part of the swamp and often 
grows in the most exposed places at the outer edge on coral 
formation. It varies from a small shrub to a large tree. Trees 
have been found as much as 1 m. in diameter and 30 m. high. 
This has the largest pneumatophores of any tree in the swamp. 
In some cases these air-roots reach a height of 1'/, m. or 
more. The tissue making up the greater part of these pneu- 
matophores is very light, white and corky. It is known in 
the Philippines by the name of ,daluru” and is much used 
for hones for the sharpening of knives and razors. It is also 
used for cork. The ash from the burning of the pagatpat is _ 
used in making salt. The heartwood is dark brown, hard and 
heavy. It contains almost 1°/, of salt and, makes steel nails, 
which are driven into it, rust very quickly. The wood is, how- 
ever, durable and finishes well. It is used for piling, telephone- 
