7548 Crustacea. 



is |iossible that the kitliwake may not now breed on tbe Freshwater cliffs, exposed as 

 tbey are to constant perseciuioii every breediiit; season, but I have no doubt that ihey 

 did twenty years ago (my edition of the ' British Birds' was published in 1843), as Mr, 

 Yarrell states. On referring; to my notes of a visit paid to the Freshwater cliffs in 

 May, I8J0, I find recorded my belief that the fjulls then frequenting the cliffs were 

 the lesser blackbacked, the herring and the kiitiwake. I had not the means for a close 

 inspection. The kiitiwake is, at least was, a very few years ago, one of the commonest 

 of the gulls frequenting our southern coast, and from its much smaller size could 

 hardly be mistaken for one of the other three very common species, the lesser black- 

 backed, the herring and the common gull, by any ornithological observer. — Henry 

 Hussey ; 7, Hyde Park Square, May 3, 1861. 



[Of course I am perfectly aware of all that my late friend Mr. Yarrell wrote on 

 this subject, but the question is simply one of fact. Tbe Rev. C. A. Bury, Mr. A. G. 

 More, Mr. Bond and Mr. Henry Kof;ers are the ornithologists par cxcellmce of the Isle 

 of Wight ; I ajjpeul to either or all of them, and shall be delighted to record their 

 verdict in the ' Zoologist.' From their verdict there is certainly no appeal.— Edward 

 Newman.'] 



T/ie Crab and its Allies. By C. Spence Bate, PCsq., F.L.S., &c. 



(Continued from p. 6691). 



In catching and securing their young and food, most Crustacea 

 make use of claws that are developed into a finger-and-thumb-like 

 hand. These hands are generally formed by a process of the penulli- 

 mate articulation produced to a considerable extent; this is impinged 

 against at its apex by the extretiiity of the last joint or finger. But 

 the form and character of these useful organs are extremely variable 

 in shape, size and importance. In some they are simply legs, and do 

 not exist in the form of chelie, as in Mysis and many Isopods : 

 in others they are the result of the finger, or last joint, falling back 

 upon the jneceding, which is more or less developed ; such we find 

 in the common shrimp, in most of the Amphipods, and the genus 

 Squilla among the Stomapods. In some the finger is formed of the 

 ultimate and the antagonizing thumb of the antepenultimate joint, as 

 in Leucothoe, or even the joint preceding that, as in Oara; these 



general forms again vary in detail of greater or less importance, and 

 in the geiuis Atoida both finger and thumb terminate in a brush of a 



