Hadsteli.ata.- 



-RiSECTS.- 



-Lepldoptera. 



253 



and elsewhere, there are some Trichoptera, the larvse 

 of which form a covering twisted like a shell. Indeed 

 Lea, an American conchologist, describes one of these 

 as a new shell, under the name of Valvata areni/era, 

 while Mr. Swainson described a Brazilian species as a 

 new genus of mollusca, under the name of Thelidomus. 

 Dr. Gray pointed out in the fifth volume of the "Annals 

 of Natural History" that these so-called shells were the 

 cases of Caddis-worms. Dr. Bigsby found some of 

 them in Canada, and thus alludes to them in his jour- 

 nal :* — " Near our sleeping-place, a few miles north of 

 Otter's Head, I found some very curious animals resem- 

 bling molluscs, from one-third to half an inch long, and 

 broadish. They are peculiar in having no shell, but 

 are studded very closely all over with a single layer of 

 very small pebbles, each the third of a line perhaps in 

 diameter, always of a hard rock, such as quartz, fel- 

 spar, jasper, bits of granite, &c. The twisted form of 

 the animals is closely followed by the mosaic of the 

 pebbles, and the effect is pretty and singular, especially 

 when shining in water." 



These insects are characterized by having four wings 

 arranged like a roof, the longitudinal veins united 

 by only a few transverse veins ; the prothorax is very 

 short ; the antennae have numerous joints, and are long 

 and thin ; the mouth is unfitted for mastication, as the 

 mandibles are rudimentary and the palpi only are 

 developed ; the maxillary palpi are five-jointed or less, 

 the labial palpi are three-jointed ; the legs are long and 

 thin ; the tibise are furnished at the tip with long, 

 movable spurs, these spurs existing often in the four 

 hind legs, beyond the middle of the limb ; the tarsi are 

 tive-jointed. 



In the first division (Heteropalpi) the females have 

 five joints to the maxillary palpi, while the males have 

 fewer joints to these organs. 



In the first sub-family, the maxillary palpi of the 

 males are four-jointed ; they have ocelli ; there are two 

 spurs on the fore legs, and four on each of the others ; 

 while the antennae are as long as the wings (Phry- 

 ganides). 



The following is a list of the genera, and the number 

 of species of each, that have been discovered in Great 

 Britain : — 



PTiryganen, 4 species ; Neuronia^ 1 ; AffTypnia, 1 ; Limno- 

 philus, 21; Aiiabolia, 3; SUnophylax^ 6; BaUesus, 2; C7t<e~ 

 topteryx, 2 ; Ecclisopteryx^ 1 ; Apalania, 1 ; Noiidobta. 1 ; 

 Goera, 2 ; SUo, 1 ; Mormonia, 2 ; Bracfiycentrus, 1 ; Ayraylea^ 

 1 ; HydroptilOj 4 ; Odontocerus, 1 ; Molanna, 1 ; Leptoceru^j 

 14; Mystacides^ 3; Stlodes^ 4; li/iyacophihj 1; Ayapetus^ 2; 

 GlossosamOj 2 ; Beraea^ 3 ; Chimarra^ 1. 



The characters of these genera will be found in Dr. 

 Hagen's papers published in the EntomologisCs Annual 

 for 1859 and 1860. 



The fresh-water fishes live much on the larvse of the 

 Phryganeidse. The Dipper (Cinchis aquaticus), that 

 curious aquatic thrush, in his subaquatic walks picks up 

 many a caddis-worm. 



Kirby and Spence * remark that the Leptocenis 

 atratus, a kind of May-fly, frequents the black flower- 

 spikes of the common sedge [Carex riparia) — that 

 coarse, hard grass-like plant so common on the banks 

 of our livers. This insect so closely resembles in colour 

 the flower- spikes of the sedge as to deceive the collector, 

 and it is very probable that many specimens in this way 

 escape the notice of birds. 



DrvisroN II.— HAUSTELLATED INSECTS. 



HACSTELtATED, means having a proboscis, more or 

 less distinct, with which insects suck up their food.'l' A 

 house-fly pushes out its mouth, a butterfly or moth the 

 long tongue, which they often insert in a flower. Some 

 bees, and even beetles, have tongues like a haustellum, 



and indeed the two groups seem to pass into each other; 

 but notwithstanding the appearance, the jaws are always 

 very decidedly marked in the Mandibtdata, while, on 

 the contrary, they are very abortive or nearly wanting 

 in the Haustellata. 



Order— LEPIDOPTERA [Butterflies and Moths). 



This name means scaly-winged. J If you have a 

 magnifying glass, or a microscope, you will find a num- 

 ber of curiously-formed scales, which, when on the wing 

 of the insect, lap over each other like the tiles or slates 

 on the roof of a house. 



Had time and space permitted, I should have liked 

 to say much more about the Lepidoptera. He who 

 would wish handsome, illustrated works on the British 

 Butterflies, may get Mr. Humphrey's, or Mr. West- 

 wood's fine drawing-room works ; or Coleman's very 



• The Shoe and Canoe, or Pictures of Travel in the Canadaa. 

 By Jolm J. Bigsliy, M.D., vol. ii., p. 211. 



f llaustellUDi, from the Latin word Imurio^ to draw, 

 t Ai«« XiTi3«, scale ; and »ti{«, wings. 



excellent " British Butterflies," with sixteen plates, giv- 

 ing a figure of every species. Mr. Newman has also a 

 work on British Butterflies at a shilling, with very good 

 wood-cuts. 



Mr. Stainton's work on British Lepidoptera, or the 

 showily-illustrated book of the talented Mr. Humphreys, 

 take in all the British Lepidoptera store. The "Genera 

 of Diurnal Lepidoptera," begun by the late Edward 

 Doublcday, and illustrated by Mr. Hewitson, and con- 

 tinued by Hewitson and Westwood after Doubleday's 

 death, is a truly noble book. So is Mr. Hewitson's 

 "Exotic Butterflies," now reaching the second volume. 

 Mr. G. Gray's finely-illustrated " Catalogue of tlto 

 * Introduction to Entomology, ii., p. 17'J. 



