The Zoologist — January, 1867. 549 



back, scapulars and wing-coverts lead-gray, edged with white or 

 brownish white. Bill black. 



First Winter. — Bill black ; raouth yellow. Head marked something 

 like the adult. Feathers of back and scapulars as the adult. Rest as 

 in first plumage. 



Second Summer. — Bill lemon-colour and black; mouth orange. 

 Head and neck as adult in winter; black band on neck lost. The 

 black band still through the wing, though faded to brown. Tail still 

 barred at end. 



Second Winter. — Bill and mouth generally as the adult. Rest of 

 the plumage as the adult (some difference in the primary quills), but 

 the bastard wing and often some of the primary coverts are marked 

 with black. Feet blackish. 



Third Summer. — As the adult, but that the bastard wing and often 

 some of the primary coverts are marked with black ; the feet are 

 blackish olive or olive-brown. The wing-quills are those of second 

 winter, but very faded. 



Third Winter. — As the adult. In the next summer, three years 

 old, the bird breeds. 



Adult in Summer. — Head, neck, tail-coverts, tail and all the under 

 parts white. Back, scapulars, wing-coverts and bastard wing leaden- 

 gray. Bill lemon-yellow ; mouth, lips and orbits orange-red. Irides 

 brown. Feet brown, tinged with yellow or orange. In winter the 

 plumage is similar, but that the head and neck are marked and tinged 

 wilh a blue leaden gray ; the orbits become brown and the feet 

 olive-brown. 



ACCOUNT OF THE PLUMAGES. 



No. 1. Young in Down. — The young at first are covered with a 

 long silky white down, grayish about the back and flanks : these gray 

 parts are margined with yellowish or pale yellow-red. The bill is 

 leaden black; feet lead-colour, with the webs grayish. 



No. 2. Link 1. Is a mixture of the down and the first plumage. 



No. 3. First Plumage. August. (In collection.) — All the under 

 surface is white. Forehead, crown of head, sides of the neck and 

 tail-coverts white. Before and under the eye are many bristly black 

 feathers; those round the eye white, except those in front black. 

 Nape and upper part of neck white, each feather strongly tinted with 

 lead-colour, particularly about the ear-spot, which is black. Towards 

 the base of neck is a broad black band, some of the feathers edged 



