552 The Zoologist — January, 1867. 



No. 11. Third Summer. — Nearly as the adult in summer. At this 

 age the black on the bastard wing, and sometimes on the primary 

 coverts, and the olive-brown feet distinguish it from the adult. Wear 

 has a considerable effect on the dark markings of the false wing, so 

 that instances are not infrequent, about June and July, of two-year 

 old birds showing but faint traces of black ; enough generally remains 

 to diagnose. 



No. 12. Link 5. Third Autumn. — The moult in general extends 

 into October: when completed the bird is in adult winter dress. 



No. 13. Adult in Winter. — Forehead and before the eyes white; 

 top of head and occiput white, speckled with leaden gray ; J.he neck is 

 strongly tinted with lead-gray, clouded with that colour at the nape ; 

 at each side of the nape is a small cloud of black. The black band, 

 which we find at the base of the neck in the bird of the year, is repro- 

 duced in the adult in winter by lead-gray. Sides of the head and 

 neck, throat and all the under parts, the tail and its coverts while. 

 Before the eye a black spot and some black bristly hairs. The 

 remainder of the upper surface of the body lead-gray. Some of the 

 tertials and the elbow-quills tipped with white. The secondary quills 

 are basally gray, with a deep white end. The bill lemon-yellow ; lips 

 and inside of mouth orange-red ; orbits reddish brown ; irides deep 

 brown, appearing black. Feet a brown-olive. 



Type of the Primary Quills. — No. 1. End of the feathers for about 

 two and a half inches black, remainder of the shaft more or less 

 smoky ; the outer web is black, except sometimes a hair line of white 

 along the shaft ceasing where the dark end of the feather begins ; all 

 the greater web but the end white. No. 2. Both webs pale gray, in 

 parts inclining to white, their ends and the shaft for about two and a 

 quarter inches black ; rest of the shaft smoky. No. 3. The same; the 

 dark end not so extensive : the black and the gray parts of this, and 

 indeed all the quills, are separated by a white light: in old birds this 

 quill is tipped with white. No. 4. Similar dark end not much over 

 one inch in depth ; is frequently deeper on the shaft of this and the 

 other quills ; tip white. No. 5. Dark end not over half an inch ; 

 a large white spot at tip. No. 6. I have found all gray, but the 

 end white, and again with a black spot on one or both webs. The 

 rest of the primaries are gray, in parts inclining to white. (In col- 

 lection.) 



No. 14. Link 6. Adult in Spring. — The transmutation of the head 

 and neck from winter to summer. 



