726 The Zoologist — May, 1867. 



branch of my inquiry seems to require a somewhat more precise 

 illustration. 



We shall all admit, — at least all candid minds will be willing to 

 make a few preliminary admissions, as thus : — First, that the disparity 

 between sexes must be very great before fathers of our Science describe 

 them as distinct species, and before we as humble students seek thus 

 to retain them. Secondly, that Linneus and Fabricius are the fathers 

 of our Science; and that lliibner and Uaworth are the fathers of this 

 particular branch of the Science, named Lepidopterology. Thirdly, 

 that the insects ever present in our gardens, our fields and hedges, and 

 always intruding themselves on our notice by their familiar if not 

 destructive habits, afford us the very best and most ready opportunities 

 of studying Nature's law. 1 think perhaps half a score examples of 

 this, as well as other phases of variation, will be sufficient to illustrate 

 my meaning. I need scarcely explain that the generic names which 

 I employ are those now in use, not those of the authors whose specific 

 names I have cited. 



1. Satyrus Jurlina of Linneus is the female of S. Janira of 



Linneus. 



2. Hepialus Jodutta of Uaworth is the female of H. hectus of 



Linneus. 



3. Limacodes Bufo of Fabricius is the female of L. Testudo of 



Linneus. 



4. Lithosia quadra of Linneus is the female of L. deplana of 



Fabricius. 



5. Euthemonia Sannio of Linneus is the female of E. russula of 



Linneus. 



6. Fidonia tiliaria of Linneus is the female of F. piniaria of 



Linneus. 



7. Hybernia incompletaria of Haworth is the female of II. aurantiaria 



of Linneus. 



8. Hybernia luctuaria of Haworth is the female of H. progemmaria 



ofHubner. 



9. Anisopteryx apteraria of Haworth is the female of A. aescularia 



of the Vienna Catalogue. 



10. Camptogramma gemmata of Hiibneris the female of C. fluviata 



of lliibner. 

 These assertions are not merely dogmatical ; they result from actual 

 observation, from the careful bleeding of the insects from the egg, and 

 are now universally received as so many simple truisms, and yet no 



