The Zoologist— December, 1867. 1023 



I860. I Lave reared Cassandra in December by placing the pupa? in a very warm 

 situation; the perfect insects, however, offered no variation from the ordinary 

 type. 



2. T. Hypsipyle. This species is closely allied to Cassandra ; indeed Boisduval's 

 opinion was that the two were merely local varieties of one species. This, however, is 

 not the case, because Hypsipyle and Cassandra occur in the same localities, though' at 

 different times. Hypsipyle is generally (not always) paler than Cassandra, at lea's! in 

 the female; the black markings are less diffused ; there is in the female a crimson dot 

 upon the third black marginal band counting from the outer edge of the anterior 

 wings; the second crimson spot on the hind wings is absent in the female. The 

 antenna; are brown, with a blackish club in both sexes of Hypsipyle, but black 

 throughout in Cassandra. This species may be considered, I think, identical with the 

 Thais (Papilio) Polyxena of Ochsenheimer. Two constant varieties are described by 

 Boisduval; his var. x differs from the type by the narrow costal bauds of the anterior 

 wings, the second of these bands only being of the usual breadth : this var. is said to 

 occur in Calabria. The var. b is described as being of a deep ochre-yellow and as 

 possessing three or four red points on the fifth costal band : this variety has been 

 found commonly in the Morea, and may, I think, possibly be a distinct species. This 

 species is further distinguishable from Cassandra by its yellow larva, with black dorsal 

 band, six rows of spines, yellowish red bordered with black, and (according to Hiibner) 

 a lateral series of black points, forming a triangle. The pupa is not unlike that of 

 Cassandra in form, but is grayish brown in colour. The larva of Hypsipyle is found 

 about August, feeding on Aristolochia rotunda and (as Boisduval says) on A. Cleraatitis 

 also. The perfect insect flies over marshy places iu April. It thus appears later than 

 Cassandra : its flight is sluggish. I have found both the type and the var. a at 

 Cannes. 



3. T. Caucasica. This is said to abound near Smyrna in April and May. The 

 larva and pupa seem to be altogether unknown. 



4. T. Cerisyi. This species is easily distinguishable by the long tails on the hind 

 wings. The larva and pupa seem to be unknown. This species occurs near Smyrna, 

 and also in some of the islands of the Grecian Archipelago: it appears on the wing in 

 April and May, and is of short duration. 



5. T. Henrietta (new species). Expands 2| inches. Antenna? and palpi black ; 

 thorax black, spotted with yellow. Abdomen also spotted with yellow. Wings deep 

 golden yellow ; fore wings with the base black, then a red costal spot bordered with 

 black, then a black costal band, then another broad crimson spot edged with black, then 

 a black spot, then two small red spots, then a row of black crescents, and a second row 

 of crescents reaching to the edge of the wing. Hind wings have the base black, the 

 disk marked with crimson and black, the nervures black, a crimson spot on the upper 

 margin and a row of five large crimson spots bordered with black, and a row of yellow 

 crescents deeply edged with black. The fringe of all the wings is dark golden yellow. 

 A single specimen of this beautiful insect, taken near Smyrna, was in the cabinet of 

 the late M. Meissonier, of Hyeres : that gentleman informed me that it was a new 

 and undescribed species: he wished me to describe and figure it, and lent me the 

 specimen for that purpose shortly before his death. 



6. T. Medecico.sta (Papilio Rumina, Hiibn. tab. 354 — 395 ; P. Rumina-australis, 

 Esper; La Proserpine, Ernst, Pap. d'Europe). The larva lives on several species of 



