Birds. 8943 
south a month earlier. In the beginning of October they resort to the 
fjords in flocks, and shortly after leave the island. 
Iceland Goldené¢ye (Clangula islandica, Giel.) Frequents the sea- 
coast in winter, and about the middle of March repairs to its breeding 
quarters, of which Myvatn seems to be chief. 
Harlequin Duck (Histrionicus torquatus, Bonap.) A common 
resident in Iceland, but changing its quarters from north to south in 
winter. Frequents the most rapid rivers, on the margins of which it 
generally breeds. 
Longtailed Duck (Harelda glacialis, Linn.) As abundant in Ice- 
land, where it appears to remain all the year, as in other northern 
countries, - 
Eider (Somateria mollissima, Linn.) Very numerous on the coasts 
and some of the lakes. Appears not to migrate. 
King Duck (S. spectabilis, Linn.) By all accounts a rare bird in 
Iceland, and generally only a straggler from Greenland or elsewhere. 
Scoter (Oedemia nigra, Linn.) Only to be found at Myvatn, where 
it breeds. 
Goosander (Mergus Castor, Linn.) Less common in the south than 
in the north, where it stays even the whole winter. Breeds. 
Redbreasted Merganser (Mergus Serrator, Linn.) Far commoner 
than the preceding, and has much the same habits. 
Cormorant (Phalacrocorax Carbo, Linn.) Breeds only in the north, 
and is but a winter visitant in the south. 
Shag (P. graculus, Linn.) Pretty common, and a resident. 
Gannet (Swla bassana, Linn.) Very abundant in many localities, 
and has several breeding places on islands, among which Grimsey, 
the Reykjanes Fuglasker, and some of the Vestmanneyjar are chief. 
Remains all the winter. 
Arctic Tern (Sterna macrura, Naum.) Has many breeding places 
in various parts of the country. 
Kittiwake (Rissa tridactyla, Linn.) Exceedingly common all round 
the coast. Arrives in the beginning of March, and goes away the 
middle of August. 
Common Gull (Larus canus, Linn.) [Doubtful. ] 
Iceland Gull (Z. leucopterus, Faber). A winter visitant only, ar- 
riving towards the end of September, and mostly leaving by the end 
of April, though some, chiefly birds in immature plumage, remain 
later into the summer. 
Glaucous Gull (Z. glaucus, Fabricius. Common and resident. 
Great Blackbacked Gull (Z. marinus, Linn.) A resident, and not 
