1706 Thr Zoologist — June, 1869. 



gradually assume the form of rolls, curling downwards towards the 

 midrib of the leaf, the substance of which becomes bloated, and, as the 

 acciiniulatiou of sap increases, the irritated part turns yellow, then 

 orange, and, in parts exposed to the sun, crimson-red. 



When the larvae are full grown, which happens a fortnight or three 

 weeks after birth, according to the weather, (showery, warm days pro- 

 moting their development greatly), they spin within the leaf-roll a 

 white, opaque and rather strong silken cocoon, cigar-shaped and 

 tapering to an obtuse point at both ends. Several of these cocoons 

 may often be seen attached to each other longitudinally : this opera- 

 tion finished, the insect, after a few days outvyard repose, rids itself of 

 the larval skin and appears as a sculptured pupa, the colour of which 

 changes from a pale amber hue into the following mature condition : 

 the length is somewhat less than half the size of the larva ; the head, 

 eyes, feeler-, palpi-, wing- and leg-cases jet-black and shining; the 

 thorax polished dark brown ; the abdomen beneath of a dirty yellow; 

 the anal segment, viewed from above, is dark brown ; the next 

 two segments dirty yellow ; the following four are all dark brown ; 

 the eighth and ninth segments dirty yellow. 



After a lapse of from twelve to sixteen days (reckoning from the 

 dale of the shedding of the larval skin), the pupa, ready to emerge, by 

 means of a very slight tooth placed on each side just above the base 

 of the feeler-cases, cuts a lateral opening through the cocoon, at or 

 near the spot where the cocf on's upper end begins to taper off, and 

 by a series of progressive movements wriggles itself out far enough to 

 give the upper part of its body free play, whilst the abdominal seg- 

 ments remain fixed within the cocoon : the thoracical part of the 

 pupal envelope begins to split longitudinally through efforts from 

 within ; gradually the head, with its appendages, the wings and legs, 

 are drawn out of their separate cases, and the whole insect with a 

 shuffling movement forward glides out, leaving the transparent pupal 

 skin projecting from the cocoon. It is noteworthy that the feeler- 

 cases are now standing clear of the thorax, whilst, like all other 

 limbs, they were, during the pupal state, soldered more or less to the 

 body. After a few minutes the imago discharges a small quantity of a 

 milk-white fluid, and the limpness of its whole organisation compels 

 it now to take a few hours rest, which it passes with its wings at first 

 slightly raised and afterwards folded flat on the back. During this period 



* I believe tbis action to be a kind uf lickiug, not sucking, as Las been suggested. 



