2882 THE ZooLoGist—JANUARY, 1872. 
the scholar to define the difference. But all these similarities are 
not similar similarities; those I have cited by name are instances 
of homeochroism, or similarities of colour; there are others that 
may be called homcomorphic, or instances of similarity in shape ; 
and some may be merely homeophanic or instances of general 
resemblance which fade instantly before an attentive scrutiny. 
These things are trying to a systematist, and it is gratifying to 
observe how boldly Mr. Kirby has grappled with them, and how 
successfully he has vanquished them. I do not detect a single 
instance in which he has mistaken these similarities for those of a 
higher grade. 
But I must adduce some of the leading methods of arrangement, 
and must lay them before the readers of the ‘ Zoologist, although 
of late years they have been somewhat unaccustomed to entomo- 
logical disquisitions; and first John Ray’s, not that he is the 
earliest; he has a long line of predecessors, but none of them 
sufficiently methodical. 
Ray’s ARRANGEMENT OF ButrerFuiszs, 1710. 
“ Papiliones diurne quarum nota certa et characteristica est Antennas habere 
clavatas.” 
We here have the two accepted titles of these insects set forth 
with unmistakable perspicuity: they are “day butterflies,” for 
Ray, like our German and French entomologists, calls all Lepi- 
doptera “butterflies,” and their certain and characteristic distinction 
is having clavate antenne ; hence our modern term “ Rhopalocera.” 
He next proceeds to divide these “ Diurni” or “ Rhopalocera” into 
two groups, as follows :— 
“ He vel sunt clavis brevioribus, alis inter sedendum erectis, vel longiori- 
bus, alis inter sedendum pendulis.” 
The author then proceeds to subdivide the first of these 
groups :— 
* Papiliones diurne clavis brevioribus, alis erectis.” 
“ Has ob clariorem et magis distinctam cognitionem ab alarum coloribus 
dividemus in eas.” 
“T. Quarum alz colore sunt flavescente, aut flavescente et nigro varie”: 
includes, in the following order, Machaon, Podalirius, Rhamni and 
Edusa. 
“TT. Quarum ale albe sunt aut albo et nigro croceove varie”: includes 
