<a 
Tur Zootocist—J ANUARY, 1872. 2885 
“+ Caupata (Hair-streaks). Alis posticis emarginato-caudatis omnibus 
subtus striga pallida:” includes Betule, W-album, Quercus and 
Rubi. 
“++ Cuprex (Coppers). Alis posticis ad angulum ani plus minusve 
emarginatis, omnibus supra igneo-cupreis, subtus punctis numerosis 
subocellaribus”: includes Dispar, Virgaurie, Chryseis, and Phleas. 
“++ CaruLee (Blue or Arguses). Alis integerrimis rotundatis, mas- 
culinis ceruleis (exceptis Ida et Artaxerwe) femineis fuscis seu fusco- 
caruleis, subtus subocellaribus ut in precedentibus.” 
* + Multipunctate (Many-spotted). Alis anticis subtus strigis plurimis 
punctorum”: includes Arion, Corydon, Adonis, Icarus, Hyacinthus, 
Argus = Aigon, Idas = Medon, and Artaxerxes. 
“ +-+- Paucipunctate (Small-spotted). Alis anticis subtus striga unica 
punctorum”: includes Argiolus, Cymon = Acis, and Alsus. 
Secckcks PLEBEIT URBICOLI (Skippers and Grizales). Statura 
parva. Alis divaricatis integerrimis, posticis spe maculis sub- 
pellucidis. Antennis apice plus minusve uncinatis. Corpore (pro 
ratione magnitudinis) robustiore quam in praecedentibus”: includes 
Paniscus, Comma, Sylvanus, Linea, Tages, and Malve. 
It will be observed that the preparatory states are no more 
noticed in this scheme than if they were non-existent; and it is 
this overwhelming weight of authority, Ray, Linneus, Fabricius 
and Haworth, that has established Machaon on his throne of pre- 
eminence, with the yellows, whites, ringlets, fritillaries, hair-streaks, 
blues and skippers following, until it has become a matter of 
necessity to adopt this arrangement, and been held almost sacre- 
ligious to question its propriety. 
Dr. Leach was, I believe, the first in this country to grant the 
characters of the larve any place in systematic classification: we 
find in the ‘ Edinburgh Encyclopedia,’ in Samouelle’s ‘ Useful Com- 
pendium, and various other publications, a distinct admission of the 
importance of the larva, but the incubus of authority was too heavy 
for him: he could not summon up courage dethrone Machaon, the 
train of whites and yellows following in the rear as before; so his 
system came to nothing. He was well acquainted with the right 
road, but considered he had not sufficient authority to follow it. 
Dr. Lracu’s SysTEM, AS PUBLISHED IN SAMOUELLE’s ‘ CoMPENDIUM,’ 1824. 
“ Section DIURNA. 
“ Family I. Papitionipz. Hind tibia with heels only at their ex- 
tremities ; wings all elevated when at rest. 
SECOND SERIES—VOL., VII. Cc 
