The Zoologist — November, 1873. 3747 



In 1859 Mr. George Hurvvood, of Ipswich, contrived an arrange- 

 ment whereby the pressure of a stream of fresh water, such as exists 

 in the pipes of water-works in towns, or such as can be got from a 

 high cistern already existing in a dwelling-house, may be employed 

 to compress air, which compressed air in turn forces a current of 

 sea-water into an aquarium. This arrangement was adopted by 

 Mr. Lloyd in the Jardiu d'Acclimatation, and was eminently 

 successful : it has continued in operation for thirteen years. 



The necessity of aeration and motion having been generally 

 admitted, after their introduction in the Zoological Gardens in 

 Regent's Park, other aquariums, more or less fully adopting the 

 principle, were established in the Surrey Zoological Gardens in 

 London, in the Zoological Gardens in Dublin, in Belfast, Galway, 

 Edinburgh, Scarborough, Weymouth, Vienna, and the Crystal 

 Palace ; the last named, under the management of Mr. Bartlett, 

 the present invaluable Superintendent of the Zoological Gardens : 

 this was remarkable for the ugliness of its exterior and the ex- 

 treme beauty and temporary success of its internal arrangement. 

 Others were established in America, and those at Bostonand New 

 York became somewhat celebrated — a result, at the latter city, 

 probably due in great measure to the matchless advertising talent 

 of Mr.Barnum, Mr. Lloyd, however, tells us that all these exhibited 

 two faults: the stock of animals was invariably excessive in 

 number, and the animals themselves excessive in size, faults which 

 cai-ried their own punishment, for from this very excess the creatures 

 dwindled and died. 



William Alford Lloyd, the projector of the Crystal Palace 

 Aquarium, and now the Superintendent, and the author of the 

 'Official Handbook,' was born on the 8th of August, 1828, at 

 No. 6, Bush-lane, Cannon-street, in the City of London, the site 

 now occupied by the premises of Messrs. Barron, Squire and Co. 

 wholesale druggists. He was a weak and sickly child, and at five 

 years of age was sent into Wales for the invigoration of his body 

 and improvement of his mind : he was put to a hedge-school at 

 Llwynlleia, in Merionethshire: the spot thus honoured is equi- 

 distant from three villages rejoicing in names which I am totally 

 unable to pronounce, and therefore gladly take refuge in letter- 

 press: these villages are Bettwsygwerfilgoch, Cerrigydruidion and 

 Llanfihangel — names a familiarity with which, Mr. Lloyd tells us, 



