The Zoologist— April, 1870. 2085 



Fiatercula ylacialis, Leach. — Habitat : Coasts of the North 

 Atlantic; but a more boreal species than F. arcticiis; Arctic Ocean, 

 Spitzbergen. Near Port Foulke, Greenland (Mus. Smiths. Inst.), 

 "Europe," Greenland (Mus. Acad. Philada.) Not authenticated as 

 occurring on the coast of Maine. 



With the colours, and much the general aspect of F. arclicus. 

 Larger than that species. Protuberance on upper eyelid more 

 decidedly acicular; in fact intermediate in size and pointedness 

 between that of F. arctica and F. corniculata. Bill much larger, 

 comparatively and absolutely, than that of arctica, and differently 

 shaped; its colours about the same. Bill very deep at the base, the 

 basal riflge rising high on the forehead ; culmen much arched, towards 

 the end dropping nearly perpendicularly downwards, so great is its 

 convexity. Upper mandible with four decided grooves ; the lower 

 with three, beiiig one more on each than is usual in arctica. Gonys 

 more convex in outline, yet not produced posteriorly into so acute a 

 hamular process. Length 14'50; extent about 26"00; wing 7"25 ; 

 tail 225; tarsus 1'20; middle toe and claw 190, outer do. I'90, inner 

 do. 1*45; bill — chord of culmen, 2"40, its convexity 2'60, ordinate of 

 the cmve '45; depth of bill at base I'TO, length along rictus r50, 

 along gonys 1"60; greatest width of bill '65; length of nasal aper- 

 ture -40. 



The development of the bill, changes of plumage and individual 

 variations of this species are doubtless identical with those of 

 arctica. Young birds of the two species might not be satisfactorily 

 distinguishable. 



Fratercula corniculata (Naumann), Gray. — Habitat: Coasts and 

 Islands of the North Pacific and Arctic Oceans. Kamlschatka (Mus. 

 Acad.|Phila.) Sitka (Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas.) Kotzebue Sound, 

 and St. Michael's, Russian America (Mus. Smiths. Inst.) Southern 

 extension on west coast of America not determined. Not recorded 

 from the North Atlantic. 



Adult (breeding plumage) : Bill very large, especially high at tlje 

 base for its length, the height being about equal to the chord of the 

 culmen, exclusive of the width of the basal rim ; base of culuien and 

 angle of gonys both produced far backward, giving a greatly curved 

 outline to the base of the bill along the feathers of the sides of the 

 head; sides of the bill not distinctly divided into two compartments; 

 nearly plane and smooth in their entire length, with only three faintly 

 pronounced short grooves; culmen exceedingly convex, regularly 



