3820 The Zoologist — January, 1874. 



Treurenberg, Wiide, and Foul Bays ; Norway Islands (commonly) ; 

 Dane's Gat, Magdalena Bay, off the Seven Glaciers (Ice Mountains 

 in the chart; in old charts, Icebergs), Green Harbour and off South 

 Cape. 



From most of the Spitsbergen species of birds I obtained 

 Anoplura. These will be included in a list of the Articulata 

 collected by me in the course of the voyage. 



Fishes, 



Addition to the Fauna : — Raia radiata. 



Salmo alpinus. — This char is abundant in deep clear fresh-water 

 lakes in Spitsbergen. The Waters inhabited by it are usually coated 

 with ice until quite late in the season ; and when the ice thaws 

 round their edges the young salmon may be seen here and there 

 basking amongst the rocks in the shallow water. At the first alarm 

 away they dart under the ice, or hide themselves between the 

 stones ; for the bottom is rugged and stony, not silted up with 

 glacier-mud, in the lakes they live in. 



Gadtis carbonarius. — Found in cod at Green Harbour by Capt. 

 Walker. Cod were so plentiful there that he caught, by jigging, 

 upwards of four tons of them, at the rate of a ton a week. 



Boreogadus Fabricii. — This is the Merlangus polaris of arctic 

 literature. It is common in Magdalena Bay, and in the ice of the 

 Arctic Seas, where looms and kittiwakes prey upon it largely. As 

 summer advances the floes become more and more rotten, until at 

 length their structure under water resembles, on a very exaggerated 

 scale, masses of grmjere cheese, the cavities being often large 

 enough to admit a man's leg. Boreogadi may be seen occasionally 

 swimming near the surface in the crevices and open lanes of water 

 between the floe-pieces. Whenever danger threatens they hurry 

 into the nearest ice-grotto, and take shelter in its deepest recesses. 

 We saw a good many of them underneath the young ice in walking 

 across the floe to Phipps's Island in September, and secured a few 

 by breaking in upon them with an alpenstock. But most of our 

 specimens were obtained a i^vi days before when we were some 

 miles to the eastward of the Seven Islands. We were beset there 

 a short time, and eventually had to force a passage through the 

 ice on the first favourable opportunity : this was presented one 

 morning by a movement which set in amongst the ice, and caused 

 the floe-pieces closely joined together to part slightly asunder. 



