October 17, 1901J 



NA TURE 



611 



The Carmichael Prize is in the award of the President and 

 Council of the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland. It is of 

 the value of 120/., and is given for the best essay dealing with 

 the state of the medical profession in Great Britain and 

 Ireland. 



The British Medical Association has instituted two Research 

 Scholarships, awarded annually but capable of being con- 

 tinued for three years, each of the yearly value of 150/. 

 These are for the encouragement of research in anatomy, 

 physiology, pathology, bacteriology. State Medicine, clinical 

 medicme, and clinical surgery. They are awarded by the 

 Council of the Association on the recommendation of the 

 Scientific Grants Committee. 



The Association has also established an Ernest Hart Memorial 

 Scholarship of the annual value of 200/., the holder of which is 

 required to devote himself to the study of some subject in the 

 department of State Medicine. Forms of application for these 

 scholarships may be obtained from the General Secretary of the 

 Association. 



The Grocers' Company have instituted three Medical Re- 

 search Scholarships, open to all British subjects, of the annual 

 value of 250/. They are intended as an encouragement to the 

 making of e.xact researches into the causes and prevention of 

 important diseases. 



At Cambridge there are at least two valuable studentships in 

 science, each of the annual value of 200/. and tenable for three 

 years. One is the Balfour Studentship for original research in 

 biology, and especially in animal morphology ; and the other 

 the John Lucas Walker Studentship for original research in 

 pathology. At Trinity College the Coutts Trotter Studentship 

 is open in physiology and experimental physics. 



In connection with the Jenner Institute of Preventive Medi- 

 cine a student.ship of the value of 150/. has been oft'ered. It is 

 open to all British, including Colonial, subjects ; it is tenable 

 for one year and is renewable for a second year. It has been 

 instituted for the purpose of research in pathological chemistry. 

 The Salters' Company Research Fellowship, of the annual 

 value of 100/., is for the promotion of research in pharmacology. 

 It is awarded by the Company on the nomination of the 

 treasurer of St. Thomas's Hospital and a Committee of Selection. 

 It may be held for a term of three years, and the research must 

 be prosecuted in the laboratories of St. Thomas's Hospital. 



In connection with University College, Liverpool, are the 

 Alexandra Fellowship in pathology, which was instituted in 

 1899 for a period of five years, and is of the annual value of 

 100/. ; and the Colonial Fellowship in pathology and bacterio- 

 logy, for which there is a preference for members of Colonial 

 universities and medical schools. 



The Walker Priie of the Royal College of Surgeons is 

 awarded every five years for the best work in advancing the 

 knowledge of the pathology and therapeutics of cancer. It is 

 of the value of too/. It is open to foreigners as well as British 

 subjects, and it is not intended that essays should be written 

 specially for the competition. 



The John Tomes Prize is awarded triennially by the Royal 

 College of Surgeons for original work on dental surgery, 

 pathology, anatomy, physiology, or mechanics. The next 

 award is for the period ending December 31, 1902. 



The Cameron Priie, which is of the value of about 100/., is 

 given annually by the University of Edinburgh to the member 

 of the medical profession who shall be adjudged to have made 

 the most valuable addition to medical therapeutics during the 

 year preceding. 



The Marshall Hall Prize is given every five years by the 

 Royal Medical and Chirurgical Society for physiological and 

 pathological researches relating to the nervous system. 



The Alvarenga Prize of the College of Physicians of Phila- 

 delphia, of the value of 36/., is awarded annually for the best 

 essay on any subject in medicine not already published. The 

 essays, bearing a motto but no name, are to be sent to the 

 secretary on or before May i of each year, and the award is 

 made about July 14 following. A second is given by the Aca- 

 demic de Medicine in Paris, and a third by the Hufeland Society 

 in Berlin, a fourth in Belgium, and a fifth by the Misericordia 

 Hospital of Lisbon. 



The Riberi Prize, which is of the value of 800/., is offered by 

 the Royal Medical Academy of Turin for original work in ana- 

 tomy, physiology, pathology, or pharmacology. Research on 

 the history of medicine since the Renaissance may also be sub- 

 mitted. The account of the research must be written in Latin, 



NO. 1668, VOL. 64] 



French, or Italian, and is to be sent to the secretary of the 

 Academy. The prize is awarded for work done during the 

 previous five years, and the last award was made in 1897. 



The Bressa Prize of the Royal Academy of Science, Turin, is 

 of the value of about 400/., and is given for the most important 

 scientific work produced during a given term of years. The last 

 award was made in 1S99. 



The Vallauri Prize, of the value of 1,200/., is in the gift of the 

 Royal Academy of Sciences of Turin, and will be awarded to 

 the scientific investigator, Italian or foreign, who within the 

 period of four years from January i, 1S99, to December 31, 1902, 

 shall be considered to have published the most noteworthy work 

 on any of the physical sciences, taking that term in its widest 

 sense. 



One of the Nobel Prizes is awarded by the Carolinian Insti- 

 tute in Stockholm to the person who has been adjudged to have 

 made the most important discovery in physiology or medicine 

 during the preceding year. Recently two prizes, each of the 

 value of about 11,000/. sterling, have been awarded by the Nobel 

 Institute, one to Prof. Finsen, the founder of the Medical Light 

 Institute at Copenhagen, and the other to Prof. Pawlow, of St. 

 Petersburg, for his researches in regard to nutrition. 



About thirty open prizes are offered each year by the 

 Academic de Medecine of Paris, of which the most valuable is 

 the Francois-Joseph Audiffred Prize. This is of the value of 

 1,000/., and is offered to any person, without distinction of 

 nationality or profession, who in the opinion of the Academic 

 de Medecine is rightly adjudged to have discovered a preventive 

 or cure of tuberculosis. The following are also among the more 

 important offered for the year ending with the end of February, 

 1902 ; the sum specified in each case does not necessarily go 

 to one candidate, but may be divided. The Academy Prize, 

 awarded annually, worth about 40/., is this year for a research 

 on the 7-ole of toxins in pathology ; the Baillarger Prize, of about 

 80/. (biennial), is for the best work on the treatment of mental 

 diseases and the organisation of asylums ; and the Charles 

 Boullard Prize, also biennial, of 50/., is for a similar subject. 

 The Barbier Prize, of 80/. (biennial ), is for the discovery of a cure 

 for such " incurable" maladies as hydrophobia, cancer, epilepsy, 

 typhoid and cholera. The Mathieu Bourceret Prize, of 50/. 

 (annual), is for work on the circulation of the blood. The Camp- 

 bell Dupierris Prize (biennial), of the value of 96/., is for the 

 best work on an.iisthesia or the diseases of the urinary passages. 

 The Chevillon Prize (annual), of 65/., is for the best work on the 

 treatment of cancer. The Desportes Prize, of 55/. (annual), will 

 be awarded for the best work on practical medical therapeutics. 

 The Herpin (of Metz) Prize (quadrennial), of 50/., is offered for 

 a research on the abortive treatment of tetanus. The Theodore 

 Herpin (of Geneva) Prize, of 125/. (annual), is for a research on 

 epilepsy and nervous diseases. The Laborie Prize, of 210/. 

 (annual), is given for the greatest advancement in surgical 

 science during the year. The Lefevre Prize (triennial), of 75/., 

 is for a research on melancholia. The Meynot Prize (annual), 

 of 108/., is for the best work on ear disease ; and the Saintour 

 Prize (biennial), of 166/., for the best work on any subject in 

 medicine. 



CHEMISTRY AT THE BRITISH ASSOCIATION. 

 TN spite of the fact that a number of papers of general in- 

 ■*■ terest were contributed to Section B at the Glasgow 

 meeting, the attendance was not so good as at the Bradford 

 meeting last year. After the reading of the presidential 

 address, a paper was read on duty-free alcohol by Dr. 

 W. T. Lawrence, in which it was advocated that the Govern- 

 ment should permit the use of non-methylated alcohol which 

 had not paid duty for scientific purposes. In the course of the 

 ensuing discussion, Dr. T. E. Thorpe drew attention to some 

 of the difficulties with which the Excise Department would 

 have to cope if such a course were permitted, and Prof. A. 

 Michael, of Boston, stated that the United States Government 

 allowed the use of non-methylated duty-free alcohol for 

 scientific purposes and did not seem to meet with adminis- 

 trative difficulties. Dr. A. G. Green presented a compre- 

 hensive statistical report on the coal-tar industry, in 

 which the progress made in this industry in Germany during 

 recent years was strongly contrasted with its decadence in 

 this country. The report of the Committee on preparing a 

 new series of wave-length tables of the spectra of the elements was 

 presented. Prof. Adrian Brown contributed a paper on enzymic 



