278 THE ZOOLOGIST. 
to such a pass, that, without the king’s permission, no one could 
even fly a hawk that had been bred in England, but if he wanted 
one was obliged to import it from abroad.* Concerning the prices 
paid for hawks formerly, abundant information may be found in 
Court Rolls, Privy Purse Expenses, and various Household 
Books, from which sources of information also may be learnt the 
value, at various periods, of hawks’ hoods and bells, falconers’ 
wages, and other expenses relating to the sport.t 
Our kings frequently received presents of hawks from foreign 
potentates, and often made similar presents themselves. Edward I., 
in 1276, received eight grey and three white Jerfalcons from the 
King of Norway,! some of which he seems to have forwarded to 
the King of Castille, a letter of his to that sovereign being extant 
in which he says:—‘‘ We send you four grey Jerfalcons, two 
of which are trained to fly at the Crane and Heron; as to 
the other two, you can use them as you think best. Having 
already lost nine white falcons we have none of these at present 
to offer. Meanwhile we have sent some of our people to Norway 
to fetch some.” § 
The Norwegian hawks were early celebrated for their quality 
and beautiful plumage. ‘They are mentioned in the old romance 
of ‘Sir Tristram’ as being anciently objects of commerce and 
importation :— 
“ Ther com a schip from Norway 
To Sir Rohandes hold, 
With hawkes white and grey 
” | 
And panes fair y fold.” | 
* The following are amongst the principal statutes relating to Hawks and 
Hawking :—Hen. III. Carta de Foresta, cap. xi.; 34 Edw. III. ¢. 22; 87 Edw. III. 
ce. 19; 11 Hen. VII. c. 17; 81 Hen. VIII. c. 12; 5 Eliz. c. 21; 23 Eliz, ec, 10 
7 James I, ec. 11. 
+ See the Rotulus Misx, 14 John; the Originalia Rolls, 35 Edw. III.; the Privy 
Purse Expenses of Edward IV., Hen. VII., and Hen. VIII. ; Issues of the Exchequer, 
James I; Duke of Buckingham’s Household Book, 1507; the Northumberland 
Household Book, 1512; the Household Books of the L’Estranges of Hunstanton, 
1520; and of Squire Kytson, of Hengrave, Co. Suffolk, 1572; and of Lord North, 
1575. In his ‘ History of Agriculture and Prices in England’ (vol. ii. p, 566), Prof, 
Thorold Rogers quotes the prices given for hawks in various parts of the country 
during the reigns of Henry III. and Edward I.; and in my ‘ Ornithology of Shake- 
speare’ (pp. 77—82) I have given similar quotations of prices in Shakespeare's day. 
t Thorkelin, Analecta Hist. Regni Norwegici, p. 158. 
g Rymer, ‘ Federa,’ i. p. 186 (3rd ed.) 
i| ‘Sir Tristram,’ fytte 1, xxvii. (ed. 1833), 
