HAWKS AND HAWKING. 289 
Falcons (Falco), with the Hobby and Merlin and their allies 
(Hypotriorchis); the last-named comprises the Goshawks (Astur) 
and the Sparrow-hawks (Accipiter). 
Grouping the species which have been living in the Gardens 
of this Society, we have the following summary, the various habitats 
being taken from Mr. Sclater’s ‘ List’ :— 
LONG-WINGED FALCONS. 
Falco peregrinus. Europe. 
», biarmicus. South Africa. 
» barbarus. North Africa. 
» lanarius. Eastern Europe. 
», jugger. India. 
», sacer. Western Asia. 
» cCandicans. Greenland. 
» Iislandus. Iceland. 
Hypotriorchis subbuteo. Europe. 
= vespertinus. South Europe. 
i eleonore. South Kurope and North Africa. 
53 esalon. Europe. 
3 columbarius. North America. 
as rufigularis. South America. 
SHORT-WINGED HAWKS. 
Astur palumbarius. Europe. 
» tibialis. West Africa. 
» €@pproximans. Australia. 
» _ novee-hollandiz. Australia. 
Accipiter nisus. Europe. 
»  Melanoleucus. Africa, 
Hitherto I have been using the terms “ Falcon” and “ Hawk” 
indifferently, and, generally speaking, they are regarded as 
Synonymous terms; but I may now take an opportunity of pointing 
out in what respects they differ, and how they may be always 
known apart. A falcon has long wings, reaching, when closed, 
to the end of the tail, which is comparatively short and square ; 
short thighs and tarsi, comparatively robust toes with powerful 
claws; and always has a dark eye. A hawk, on the other hand, 
has short wings, which, when closed, do not reach nearly to the 
end of the tail, the latter long in proportion to that of a falcon, and 
rounded ; long thighs and slender tarsi and toes ; and invariably 
2P 
