A GERMAN VIEW OF THE FAUNA OF IRELAND. 393 
Subfossil remains of the Brown Bear have been found in 
Ireland, but I have been unable to discover any historical notice 
of the former existence of this species. In 1859 remains of 
Ursus arctos, Ursus speleus, of the Wild Horse, Reindeer, 
and Mammoth were discovered by Mr. Brenan in a cave 
at Shandon, near Dungarvon, Waterford. (Journ. Royal Dublin 
Soc. il., pp. 344—352; and Journ. Geol. Soc. Dublin, x. 
p- 147). The Mammoth has also been found in Ireland, at 
Whitechurch, near Dungarvon, and at Maghery, near Belturbet ; 
the Wild Horse in many places. As for cattle, Bos taurus, Linn., 
has been frequently found.* In the Proceedings of the Royal 
Irish Acad., Jan., 1839, a race of cattle from the peat is 
characterised by the convexity of the forehead and its great 
length, and the shortness and downward inclination of the horns. 
I should imagine the animal to be Bos longifrons, from which are 
descended the old Celtic cattle of the Welsh and Scotch moun- 
tains, and the old dark-coloured cattle of Ireland. The larger 
breed,t now represented by the Chillingham oxen and descended 
from the large Bos wrus, appeared in England at the time of the 
Anglo-Saxon invasion (5th century), and supplanted the British- 
Welsh or Romano-Celtic Longifrons, but has not been discovered 
in Ireland. The Irish caves and bogs, however, have never been 
thoroughly explored, nor have their osteological contents been by 
any means exhausted. 
While ascending Mangerton Mountain, near Killarney, I had 
the pleasure of observing, for the first time, the Irish Hare alive. 
I made the ascent on the 10th of June, 1874, accompanied by 
John O’Donaghue, a guide well known to Killarney tourists 
under the name of “ Happy Jack,” who may be recommended 
especially to German zoologists. He speaks fairly good English, 
as well as Irish, and knows the resorts of the game, as well as the 
localities for rare plants. Up to a recent date Mangerton Moun- 
tain was looked on as the highest mountain in Ireland, but, 
according to the latest measurements, Carrantual, which lies on 
the north-west coast, is higher by 658 feet, the altitude of the 
former being 2756, of the latter 3414 feet. Four miles above 
Muckross we came upon a lake, the Devil’s Punchbowl; there 
are no fish in its icy-cold waters, though I noticed two small 
* Bos longifrons, Owen.—Ep. 
+ Bos primigenius, Bojanus.—Ep, 
