THE ZooLocist—Aveust, 1875. 4557 
a slight bony outgrowth. Owing to a very remarkable distortion of 
the left molar, mastication was performed with its outer surface, 
which was worn. 
Examining the two smaller caves, we obtained here some moa 
and other birds’ bones lying close to the surface of the sands, mixed 
up with ashes and other signs of human occupation, so that it is 
evident that casual visitors penetrated to these inner caves, probably 
to hide themselves from their enemies, and cooked their meals, or 
at least lighted fires. As these two smaller caves for years past 
have been visited by Europeans, a number of moa bones have, as 
I understand, been carried away, having been observed amongst 
the sands. 
Having reached the end of the main cave, a more tedious piece 
of work was now before us, because, before being able to reach the 
dirt and agglomerate beds in this northern portion of the cave, we 
were obliged to remove a considerable mass of shell deposits, which 
as we approached the entrance of the cave became gradually thicker 
till they reached a thickness of eight feet. I have already before 
stated that the agglomerate bed was missing where the supposed 
hut or enclosure had once been standing, and that the ash and dirt 
bed continued without interruption to cover here the marine sands. 
Over this area I observed the dirt bed to possess a much greater 
thickness than in other localities where the agglomerate was present, 
attaining generally a thickness of eight to nine inches between the 
four piles, and thus showing that by a more extended deposition of 
ashes and kitchen middens, the general level of the floor of the cave 
had here been maintained. We obtained here, mostly embedded 
in the marine sands, and only partly entering the dirt bed, the bones 
of the left leg belonging to a large specimen of Euryapteryx gravis. 
The tibia and femur had been broken in the usual manner for the 
extraction of the marrow, whilst the metatarsus was entire, and very 
much calcined at its lower (distal) extremity. The fibula was found 
to be also broken in several places, as would happen by fracturing 
the tibia, with the former bone still attached. Some phalanges and 
a great number of small pieces of the two broken leg-bones were 
lying also close by. As none of the bones were calcined, with the 
exception of the lower portion of the metatarsus, it appears that this 
part, not possessing any flesh, was not protected from the fire so 
carefully as the other portions had been. If this surmise be correct, 
we have here a case of broiling on a large scale before us. 
SECOND SERIES—VOL, X. 2P 
