THE ZooLocist—Aucust, 1875. 4559 
previously stated, the bones of the spotted shag were also of frequent 
occurrence, and besides those previously enumerated we found also 
a few belonging to the white crane, the nelly, and the New Zealand 
harrier. The feathers collected in these upper beds were mostly all 
belonging either to the spotted shag or to the kakapo (Stringops 
habroptilus). It may not be here out of place to remind you that 
amongst the kitchen middens of the Rakaia encampment, belonging 
to hundreds of specimens, only a few bones of Dinornis ingens were 
found, the most gigantic species being thus unrepresented. It is 
therefore interesting to observe that the moa-hunters were also 
chasing the latter, as proved by the remains of Dinornis robustus 
in the kitchen middens at the mouth of the cave. 
In the sands at the western corner near its entrance, and where, 
as before observed, the agglomeratic deposit was missing, we found 
arranged in the sands another oven of considerable dimensions, 
used for a time by the moa-hunters, but afterwards abandoned, as 
it was filled and covered over with numerous moa bones and their 
fragments, as well as with a considerable thickness of dirt and ashes. 
The absence of ovens for cooking purposes, with the exception of 
the one, previously alluded to, occurring in the marine sands in the 
south-western portion, and of a second at the western entrance of 
the cave, together with a third, of which I shall speak presently, is 
a striking feature, from which we can only conclude that the moa- 
hunters cooked their food generally outside, and only occasionally 
ate it inside, the cave; whilst the thick ash bed suggests that gene- 
rally fires had been lighted, round which they sat or camped. 
The third oven—several feet in diameter—was found about ten 
feet from the entrance, towards its middle part, having been pre- 
pared immediately after the agglomeratic bed had been deposited. 
The moa-hunters had broken through that latter deposit, and 
arranged the stones of their oven—taken mostly from the removed 
agglomerate in the marine sands thus laid open. After having been 
used, probably in a few instances only, it had become filled up with 
some of the agglomerate previously disturbed for its excavation— 
with pieces of moa bones, and chips of timber (Zotara) not used for 
cooking purposes. Some of the latter were standing vertical, or 
at least at a high angle, whilst the chips amongst the dirt beds were 
found to be generally in a horizontal position. This oven, with the 
kitchen middens filling it, was found to be covered by the never- 
missing ash and dirt bed, the latter being continuous with the same 
