THE ZooLoGistT—SEPTEMBER, 1875, 4589 
Notes on Birds which have been found in Greenland. By ALFRED 
Newrov, M.A., F.R.S., Professor of Zoology and Comparative 
Anatomy in the University of Cambridge. 
(From the forthcoming ‘ Manual’ prepared in accordance with intructions received 
from the Admiralty, and obligingly communicated by the author.) 
THOUGH many authorities have been consulted in making the 
following compilation, it is founded mainly on the excellent “ List 
of the Birds hitherto observed in Greenland,” by Prof. Reinhardt, 
which was printed in ‘ The Ibis’ for 1861 (pp. 1—19), and gives the 
most complete catalogue of the species of that country as yet pub- 
lished. Some additions to it have since been communicated by 
him to the Natural-History Union of Copenhagen, and these | have 
here incorporated. I have further to acknowledge, with sincere 
thanks, his great kindness in sending me the proof-sheets of his latest 
contribution to the subject, made during the present year and as yet 
unpublished (op. cit. 1875, p. 127), that I-might avail myself of its 
valuable contents. On the other hand, it must be confessed that 
Prof. Reinhardt’s “ List,” though all one could desire as regards 
the stray visitors to Greenland, gives few or no particulars of the 
habitat of some of the species which regularly frequent that 
country, and this information I have had to supply from the work 
of the ill-fated Holbdéll,’ whose long residence there as an officer 
of the Danish Government, and taste for Ornithology rendered 
him a most trustworthy authority on this head. The works of the 
naturalists of the last century, Bruennich* and Otho Fabricius,* 
have not been neglected by me, and as evidence of the complete- 
ness of the latter I may repeat Prof. Reinhardt’s remark, that since 
its publication the number of birds known to breed in Greenland 
has been only increased by eleven. I have of course examined 
also the ‘Memoir on the Birds of Greenland,’ published in 1819, 
by the venerable Sir Edward Sabine, and the far too meagre 
Natural-History Supplements to the several ‘Voyages’ of Parry 
1 Videnskabelige Meddelelser, 1864, p. 246; 1865, p. 241; 1872, p. 131. 
? « Ornithologiske Bidrag til den grénlandske Fauna.’ Naturhistoriske Tidsskrift, 
1848, pp. 861—457. A German translation of this memoir by Dr, Paulsen was 
published at Leipzig in 1846, and again reissued in 1854. 
3 Ornithologia Borealis. Hafnie: 1764. 8vo, 80 pp. 
4 Fauna Groenlandica. Hafnie et Lipsie: 1780, 8vo, pp. 53 —124. 
5 Transactions of the Linnean Society, xii. pp. 527—589. 
SECOND SERIES—VOL. X. Die 
