4602 THE ZooLOGIST—SEPTEMBER, 1875. 
Holbéll. Originally discovered at Alagnak, in Melville Peninsula, 
where two examples were killed. Nothing whatever is known of 
the breeding habits of this species, and only three examples are 
believed to exist in this country, one of which is said to have been 
killed in Yorkshire. It has occurred once in Heligoland, and once 
in the Feroes. The only specimen known on the continent of 
Europe is in the Museum of Mainz, and there appear to be none in 
America. 
*Ivory Gull (Pagophila eburnea). “ Nayauarsuk.’—The well- 
known circumpolar “ice-bird” needs no description, but long as 
Arctic navigators have been acquainted with it, its nest seems to 
have been undiscovered until 1853, when Sir L. M‘Clintock found 
one on Cape Krabbé (lat. 77° 25’ N.), containing a single egg (Journ. 
R. Dubl. Soc., i. p. 57, pl. 1). Subsequently two eggs were obtained 
by one of the Swedish Expeditions in Spitsbergen, and these seem 
to be the only authenticated specimens that have been brought to 
the notice of naturalists. The bird itself is far from being un- 
common in collections, and in some parts of the Arctic Regions is 
pretty plentiful. It is subject to some variation in size, and espe- 
cially in the relative dimensions of some of its parts, but there is no 
good reason to suppose that there is more than one species of the 
genus. 
*Kittiwake (Rissa tridactyla). “ Tattarak."—Breeds in both 
Inspectorates, but more commonly in the Southern. Recorded by 
Graah from the Eastern Coast of Greenland, though not observed 
there by the German Expedition. Its limits to the northward have 
not been laid down. The black quill-feathers of its wings are an 
unfailing distinction between this gull and any other of its size 
likely to be met with far north. 
Herring Gull (Larus argentatus).— An accidental and 
extremely rare bird in Greenland, where it can only be a 
straggler, and is not known to have occurred further north 
than Godthaab. Dr. Walker says he saw it at Frederikshaab. 
A pair observed at Winter Island, 29 June, 1822. Larger than 
the preceding species, but like it has black primary quills. 
A doubtful species (Z. affinis, Reinhardt), with a darker back, 
is said to have been obtained in Greenland, while on the other 
hand a form, with a paler back (Z. chalcopterus, Licht.)—of 
which only three specimens have been procured,—seems to 
indicate a transition to the next. 
