4644 THE ZooLoGist—OcrToBER, 1875. 
About two hundred feet east of the cave, Banks Peninsula recedes 
nearly a quarter of a mile to the south, the low ground being here 
also covered by drift sands many acres in extent, the highest points 
thirty feet above high-water mark. On this flat, first the moa- 
hunters, and afterwards their successors, the shell-fish eaters, had 
extensive camping grounds. Although in many places the kitchen 
middens of the older and newer occupants, owing to the changeable 
nature of the shifting sands, have become mixed up so as in many 
cases to make it impossible to fix a clear line of demarcation 
between them ; in other instances that peculiarity of the sands has 
caused that they are very well preserved, and the space between 
both sets of beds sharply defined. In the first instance we find 
that the moa-hunters had numerous cooking places amongst these 
dunes, situated often closely together, which after use became 
filled up to some extent by the refuse of their feasts, whilst very 
often a larger heap of broken bones, egg-shells, &c., had been 
thrown a few feet from the oven—an observation made also at the 
Rakaia. 
A section taken about four chains from the entrance of the cave 
and one chain north of the Sumner Road, proves clearly that there 
exists a clear line of demarcation between the moa-hunters’ and 
shell-fish eaters’ deposits. After examining a bed on the surface, 
which contained the same species of shells as we obtained from the 
upper deposits of the cave, I had the sands below them excavated 
for about two feet, when we came upon the remains of a cooking 
oven, big boulders, charcoal, and near and above it a distinct layer 
of kitchen middens, which consisted of moa bones, the larger ones 
all broken, ‘and some of them calcined; there were also some of 
smaller birds, of which those of the spotted shag (Graculus punc- 
tatus) were the most numerous ; the crested penguin, the large kiwi 
and the gray duck being also represented. Besides them bones of 
the dog,—which appears also to have been a favourite dish of the 
moa-hunter,—a tympanic bone of a ziphoid whale and some seal 
bones were obtained. 
On the other hand, another section shows convincingly how in 
many instances the intermixture of the two series of kitchen 
middens has taken place. It is evident that in that locality— 
without doubt by rain and wind—a portion of the dunes upon 
which the refuse-heap of the moa-hunters had been deposited had 
become partly destroyed, and that the same spot had afterwards 
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